2401. George Soper Interview (1:09:00)

Date:
2017-10-05
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
When he arrived in South Bend in 1980, the field of rehabilitation in Indiana "was in desperate need of some rapid growth," recalls George Soper. George had moved from Iowa, where he completed a doctoral work in the area of rehabilitation. Having started as a physical therapist, the focus of George's career became hospital administration. He retired in 2011 as Senior Vice President and Chief Learning Officer for South Bend's Memorial Hospital & Health System. He worked for the hospital for 31 years. George had been hired to build up the rehabilitation unit at Memorial Hospital in 1980. He describes how the number of physical and occupational therapists has grown from two of each to 37 and 25 therapists, respectively. He developed one of the first rehabilitation engineering programs, creating seating for mobility purposes and other adaptive equipment. "We had people come in from literally all over the country to see what we were doing." He also started an innovative driver rehabilitation and training program for people with disabilities in the early 1980s. George discusses trends in rehabilitation such as the reduced length of hospital stays that led to expansion of outpatient services, how "lifestyle abuse" has led to needs for rehab services, and future training needs related to the growing aging population. George, who has twice won a Franklin Covey Community Service Award, also discusses the influence of Steven Covey's "Seven Habits" philosophy in his life and work. He was interviewed in South Bend in 2013.

2402. Muscatatuck Oral History - Sandra Blair Interview (41:36)

Date:
2005-03-08
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"We loved him, but he needed things that we couldn’t give him." Sandra Blair's son Brian was seven when he went into Muscatatuck State School in the early 1960s. He was the second of six children and Sandra was also working outside the home. It was a long drive to Butlerville from Terre Haute. "I didn’t get to go as often as I would have wanted to because I had other family and I had to work." The family was reluctant to bring Brian home for visits "because we were afraid we’d undo the good that Muscatatuck had done." As Brian got older, it was easier to leave him after visits. After one visit, "he just went right back and went to doing what he was doing, and he didn’t really care whether I was there or not." She realized that he thought of Muscatatuck as his home. Overall, she was pleased with his care, mentioning staff who showed him particular kindness. In 2005, when Sandra was interviewed in Terre Haute, Brian was 48 years old and living in a house owned by his sister. "He’s very happy."

2403. Nancy Kalina Interview (1:09:00)

Date:
2017-11-29
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
“If you want to talk about a typical day for a student with a disability, you almost have to talk about what kind of disability to be honest,” explains Nancy Kalina. A former research associate at the Indiana Resource Center for Autism, Nancy worked at Bloomington North High School in Bloomington, Indiana as a work-study coordinator from 2000 to 2011 and helped with student transitions out of high school. She describes the certificate, diploma and honors tracks available to students. Nancy explains the peer-tutoring program. She says students may help with academics, assist with an in-school job or be a bridge builder within a class. Circles of support are another option schools have used to benefit students. In addition to transition coordinators, Nancy feels the school systems need someone who could educate parents starting in the 8th grade on the various components of transitioning from school to adult services. Teachers know about curriculum and Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), but not necessarily how Vocational Rehabilitation Services work or the importance of the Medicaid Waiver. Nancy discusses her experiences with facilitated communication, a type of augmentative communication. She address some of the controversies surrounding the practice. She also shares thoughts on training needs for professionals entering the field of disabilities. Nancy was interviewed in 2013.

2404. Vicki Pappas Interview (1:11:00)

Date:
2017-09-05
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"The biggest thing is the values that started with the Deinstitutionalization Project and went on through all of our projects about consumer advocacy, self-determination, empowerment to people with disabilities, language use... just totally different values about people with disabilities." Vicki (Victoria C.) Pappas arrived at the Developmental Training Center (D.T.C.) in Bloomington as a graduate student in 1974. The D.T.C. was the the original name of the Indiana Institute on Disability and Community (IIDC). Vicki retired as director of the IIDC's Center for Planning and Policy Studies the year prior to this 2013 interview. Vicki discusses the history of the IIDC and significant activities involving government and other partners in the state of Indiana. She talks about her experience with the Deinstitutionalization Project directed by Mike Tracy in the early 1970s, the legacy of former Director Henry J. Schroeder, and the impact of important legislation in shaping the work of the IIDC, including passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act and its implementation in Indiana. She also discusses voting participation and access, developing the state disability plans with the Governor's Council for People with Disabilities, and the creation of the IIDC's Collaborative Work Lab for digitally assisted group decision making.

2405. Pat Howey Interview (34:20)

Date:
2018-10-12
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"She shouldn't have to be put on a bus and spend 45 minutes on a bus one way to go to school," explains Pat Howey of her daughter's experience at six years old being sent to a school for children with physical disabilities. Pat discusses her educational advocacy for her daughter in the late 1980s in Tippecanoe County, Indiana. She shares how those experiences lead her to become a nationally known special education advocate and consultant. Pat says, “I first got involved in special education advocacy pretty much the day my daughter entered kindergarten.” During her daughter’s school years, Pat helped build a strong advocacy movement in Tippecanoe County. “We were able to make a lot of changes. We had people filing state complaints. I mean, they were just active all over the place,” explains Pat. Today, Pat sees parents fighting the same battles she fought in the late ‘80s and early ‘90s. She says, “We are hearing the same things today that we heard back in the '80s and '90s -- we would love to do that, but we don't have the money for it.” Pat tells parents to stay vigilant. She recommends parents start requesting hearings and start filing complaints. Pat Howey was interviewed in Indianapolis in 2016.

2406. Jim Hammond Interview (1:05:00)

Date:
2017-09-21
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"Now disability politics, you know, is not Republican or Democrats, it's really nonpartisan but you still have to be recognized as someone who's reliable and trustworthy," observes Jim Hammond in this 2013 interview. Working with legislators was part of his job as CEO of the Indiana Association of Rehabilitation Facilities (INARF). "INARF is the trade association for providers of services," he explains. It was a $1 billion industry in 2012, the year he retired. Jim discusses his 34 years with the membership organization, including its strong relationship with The Arc of Indiana, the envy of INARF's counterparts in other states. He describes the pool loan program, a tax exempt financing members created in 1992, and INARF's role in establishing unified standards for provider agencies and the adoption of an independent third party national accreditation program. He recalls founder Costa Miller, who was CEO until his death in 2004, and the "fierceness of his commitment." He discusses how funding for disability services has fared under various governors and their respective political parties. Other topics include Medicaid waivers and the growing importance of technology such as video monitoring and "smart home" features in residences for people with disabilities.

2407. Frank Epperson Jr. Interview (1:24:00)

Date:
2013-03-05
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
When Frank Epperson's van was pulled over by the Southport, Indiana police in 1988, it wasn't about a broken taillight. They wanted to give him an official escort upon his triumphant return from the Paralympics in Seoul, South Korea. Frank competed as a wheelchair racer in Seoul as well as in Barcelona (1992). "When I retired I had the national record in the 100, 200 and 400 [meter races]." In addition to his experiences as a wheelchair athlete, in this 2013 interview Frank describes pursuing wheelchair ballroom dancing, thoughts on dating, changing attitudes towards people with disabilities, and his work as an ADA Employment Consultant at Indiana University since 1999.

2408. John Dickerson Interview (1:17:00)

Date:
2017-08-21
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"Dickerson, I finally get it," a fiscally conservative State Senator from Hendricks County remarked. "He said, 'I'm on the board of directors of the bank and we hired this fellow with a disability. I don't even know what his disability is, but he's one of our best damn employees.'" As executive director of The Arc of Indiana, John Dickerson worked with legislators for decades to "fight on behalf of parents of individuals with disabilities to make the systems responsive." John recounts the evolution of what became the second largest Arc in the country in his 2013 interview. The group emerged out of the national movement by parents who had offspring with intellectual disabilities and wanted to band together to improve the lives of their children. The organization was known as the Indiana Association for Retarded Children when it was founded in 1956. John discusses the changing names of the association as a reflection of changes in language about people with disabilities, as well as The Arc's close relationship with self-advocates. John talks about the organization's influence on public policy. "The Arc isn't particularly well known in the general public. But we're remarkably well known with policymakers and legislators." He discusses The Arc's effort to get information to families about benefits and services, an initiative to support small businesses owned by people with developmental disabilities, and The Arc Master Trust. The latter is a mechanism enabling families to leave money to benefit their son or daughter with a disability. John considers the leadership role Indiana has played in the disability arena nationally, despite its relatively low profile. He reminisces about the late Elbert Johns, who was a long-time executive director of Stone Belt Arc in Bloomington. John Dickerson retired as Executive Director of The Arc of Indiana in 2015.

2409. Sue Beecher Interview (1:10:00)

Date:
2017-08-25
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"When I started in 1977, when people were admitted they brought with them what was called their death bag." The bag contained the clothing that residents of New Castle State Hospital were to be buried in. Sue Beecher recalls her employment at the institution in New Castle, Indiana for people with seizure disorders. Sue went on to work for Indiana's newly established Bureau of Developmental Disabilities Services (BDDS) and Indiana Protection & Advocacy (IPAS), where she retired prior to this 2013 interview. (IPAS has since changed its name to Indiana Disability Rights.) Sue talks about the New Castle procedures that patients underwent without consent, and the restraints and aversive measures that were used to control their behaviors. Years later, as an IPAS representative on Muscatatuck State Developmental Center's Human Rights Committee, she again witnessed violations of residents' rights. It was the late 1990s, prior to Muscatatuck's closure. "You cannot walk onto a unit and see visible injuries on 12 or 14 people that weren't there the week before and not suspect something is terribly wrong there. And these folks were non-verbal, so they're not going to be able to tell." As IPAS' work expanded via federal grants, Sue was instrumental in getting the traumatic brain injury and PABSS (Protection and Advocacy for Beneficiaries of Social Security) programs up and running. She relates her satisfaction in those accomplishments and her pride in this independent state agency charged with protecting the rights of Hoosiers with disabilities. "In Indiana, we've gone ahead and sued when we needed to, we've never backed down." In 2011, Sue received the Terry Whiteman Award for her work at IPAS. Sue also discusses the development of group homes and the intensive effort to open new group homes between 1989 and 1991 while she directed the Indianapolis BDDS office.

2410. Sandy Braunbeck Interview (1:19:00)

Date:
unknown/unknown
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
Sandy Braunbeck grew up with an agency serving people with disabilities in southern Indiana. Now known as Rauch, Inc., it was founded in New Albany in 1953. Her father, George "Tooter" Tinius, worked at Rauch and her brothers helped with the summer programs. Sandy would often accompany her dad to work. Sandy started working at Rauch in 1979. Sandy has many stories about the early days of the agency. She talks about how Rauch got its name, a few of the early programs for children, and her experiences with families. “The ACCESS program came about maybe 15, 20 years ago. And there's a real strong emphasis, and I respect and understand the importance of employment and working, but also we had a number of clients who were old enough to retire who wanted to do something else besides work,” states Sandy. She describes the structure of ACCESS (Alternative Community Connections, Experiences, and Social Supports), an adult day program, and shares highlights she has experienced over the years. Sandy was interviewed in New Albany in 2013.

2411. Sandy Braunbeck - Searching for School Opportunities (03:26)

Date:
2013-08-20
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
“Well, they stayed at home, okay, the individuals stayed home.” Mrs. Leona Receveur wished her daughter, who had a disability, could attend school. When Mrs. Receveur tried to find a school for her daughter, she was told to start her own school. Mrs. Receveur asked public health nurses to spread the word to other parents about her effort to develop a school for children with disabilities. Her dream came true when she found a church that agreed to host the school in their basement. With the $1000 Mrs. Receveur received from Crusade for Children, she was able to purchase a bus to go around town to pick up children for school. Sandy was interviewed in August, 2014.

2412. Lawrence Carter-Long - The Changing Depiction of Disabilities in the Media (06:26)

Date:
2017-09-18
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
New digital media have opened a creative landscape "where it's not someone else speaking on behalf of the person with the disability - you don't have the teachers or the preachers and the social workers pushing the agenda." Lawrence Carter-Long, a Terre Haute native, is recognized nationally as an authority on media and disability. His perspective on film was informed by his experience curating and co-hosting the Turner Classic Movies festival, The Projected Image: A History of Disability in Film. He was Public Affairs Specialist for the National Council on Disability when he was interviewed in Indianapolis in 2015.

2413. John Dickerson on the Evolution of The Arc of Indiana (07:38)

Date:
2017-02-22
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
“The Arc name is an interesting story in itself,” says John Dickerson of the history of The Arc. It was in the late ‘40s when parents across the country started organizing to discuss opportunities for their children. The first Indiana state association formed in 1956. Groups were called Parents and Friends of Retarded Children. In the 1970s, there was a movement to get rid of the “R” word, but it didn’t catch on. Finally, in the early ‘80s the name changed to The Arc.

2414. Mike Furnish - The Early Days of Special Olympics Indiana (05:04)

Date:
2017-05-19
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
Mike Furnish, President/CEO of Special Olympics Indiana, was interviewed in 2013. Here he shares a brief history of the creation of the not-for-profit organization that provides sports training and athletic competition for children and adults with intellectual disabilities.

2415. A Whole Other Facet - Courtney Clark on Service Dogs Making Life Better (02:42)

Date:
2016-09-09
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
“We can get things done. Yes, so it just made me more independent,” explains Courtney of her service dog, Donner. After applying for a service dog, it took two more years before Courtney was matched with Donner. Courtney talks about how his presence has enhanced her life.

2416. Mike Furnish Interview (45:50)

Date:
2017-10-05
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
The first Special Olympics games were held at Soldier Field in Chicago in 1968. Athletes from the United States, Canada and France participated in the games. In 1969, a group of volunteers organized the first Special Olympics Indiana games in Indianapolis. Mike Furnish, President and CEO of Special Olympics Indiana since 2007, started his involvement with Special Olympics in 1973 as a volunteer basketball coach. Mike will retire from Special Olympics Indiana in December, 2017. He was interviewed in 2013. Globally, Special Olympics offers at least 40 different sports. “The whole premise is that no two people are alike in their interests or abilities,” explains Mike. Special Olympics does not have an off-season. In addition to the summer games held on the campus of Indiana State, there is an annual winter games with downhill skiing, ice skating and snowboarding. Special Olympics Indiana has a small staff that coordinate the events, but as Mike explains, “One thing that characterizes our organization today is that we really are an organization of volunteers.” As there have been paradigm shifts in services, Special Olympics has changed over time. In 1988, Indiana was one of the first states to pilot test the Unified Sports program. The program brings together people with and without disabilities to train and compete against other unified sports teams. Mike says, “It was timely in the sense that that had paralleled what was taking place in schools as kids were moving away from special education settings into broader, more general settings.” Mike describes how Special Olympics Indiana has been a forerunner in the Special Olympics movement. Indiana introduced ballroom dancing and flag football as Special Olympic sports. In the late 1990s, the Athlete Leadership program was developed. A few of the program’s topics include public speaking skills, participation on committees, coaching techniques, and rules for officiating. Looking toward the future, Mike discusses the need for Special Olympics Indiana to promote healthier lifestyles. Mike says, “We find when we have done health screenings at our events, that 7 out of 10 of our athletes have an acute medical problem on the day they're there.” Special Olympics Indiana is reaching out to the medical community; providing healthy living training to athletes and volunteers; and targeting children age 2 to 7 with a program called Young Athletes. Mike explains, “It’s great stuff for sports, but it's great stuff for life when a person at that age begins to learn how to maintain their balance and do some of the basic things that sometimes just are ignored because people think they can't.”

2417. Bettye Dunham Interview (1:05:00)

Date:
2018-03-26
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
Bettye Dunham got her start in the disability field in 1975. She was a support person to an Indiana University student needing assistance with note taking and studying. Bettye says, “The things I learned from Chris really endeared me to the field.” Bettye went on to work 19 years at Developmental Services in Columbus, Indiana where she started a workshop program in Jennings County. This workshop would include residents from Muscatutuck State Developmental Center. “The VR counselors and I interviewed around 300 individuals, three to 400 individuals, residents of Muscatatuck…that was probably one of the most interesting points in my career…Talking with them about how they felt about being there, what their dreams and hopes were,” explained Bettye. Eventually, they hired around 20 people to work in the Jennings workshop. At the time of her 2013 interview, Bettye had been the C.E.O. of Rauch in New Albany, Indiana for over 20 years. Rauch started in 1953. Bettye says, “There were parents that had children with disabilities, all different ages of disabilities that came together. And they said, you know, there ought to be something. There ought to be some service or something that can help our children down the road and help them develop.” Bettye explains several of the services Rauch has offered including a sheltered workshop, American Sign Language, Healthy Families program, and community opportunities. She also addresses the challenges the agency has faced over the years. “To me, one of the most significant steps in the history of our field in Indiana was that 317 Task Force and putting some blueprints in place for what the future of services should look like,” explains Bettye. Kathy Davis, who was the Secretary of Family and Social Services Administration (FSSA) at that time, chaired the 317 Task Force. Bettye on was on the 317 Task Force and talks about a few of the outcomes. In her interview, Bettye also discusses supported employment, natural supports, and the changes she has seen in the disability field over the years. One struggle Bettye sees is health care. She says, “One of the future challenges is going to be what happens to managed care and health care and how our population survives through that change, if that change comes about.”

2418. Lawrence Carter-Long Interview (27:57)

Date:
2018-10-01
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"There's a new crop of people that are saying, wait a minute, I'm not ashamed of anything. I don't need to distance myself from anything. In fact, I am a disabled person first." In this interview, Lawrence Carter-Long discusses his views on the evolution from people-first to identity-first language, and changes in the way disability is depicted in the media. "With more disabled people being creative behind-the-scenes," using new, more direct digital outlets, he has noticed that the stories we are seeing have more complexity, depth and authenticity. "The gatekeepers no longer have the same types of power." Public Affairs Specialist for the National Council on Disability at the time he was interviewed in 2015, Lawrence grew up in Indianapolis and Terre Haute. He was program coordinator for the Disabilities Network of New York City when he undertook the Gimp Project, a collaboration with dance choreographer Heidi Latsky. As a young person, Lawrence says modern dance was never an option for him. "It wouldn't even enter my consciousness because of my physicality and because of having cerebral palsy." However, he recalls a theater teacher at North Vigo High School in Terre Haute, Indiana who was pivotal in encouraging him "to do things that I wouldn't have imagined possible." Lawrence also discusses disability and film, talking about his experience curating and co-hosting the Turner Classic Movies festival, The Projected Image: A History of Disability in Film. The 2012 series reached 87 million people. "It was a fantastic opportunity to look back as a way to position ourselves and to say, how do we want to move forward." Earlier, Lawrence laid the groundwork for The Projected Image with a successful, experimental festival in New York City, "Dis This." He was interviewed at the Indiana Governor's Council for People with Disabilities conference in Indianapolis.

2419. Dixie Patterson Interview (52:43)

Date:
2013-02-05
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"Even though professionals are very good and a lot of times very empathetic, it's still not the same as having lived it 24 hours a day." As both a parent of an adult daughter with intellectual/developmental disabilities and a retired disability professional, Dixie Patterson discusses a broad spectrum of topics in this 2013 interview. Dixie was employed by the Institute on Disability and Community after having started as a Family Support Specialist with IN*SOURCE, a parent support organization, in the late 1980s. Along with raising her two children, Dixie started a Bloomington service provider agency (now LIFEDesigns) with other parents. She was a founding board member of Citizen Advocacy of South Central Indiana. Early in her daughter's life, Dixie recounts how she and her husband were told, "'Jennifer's mentally retarded and just, you know, take her home and keep her happy'." With few community supports available to families, the Pattersons felt fortunate to get Jennifer into a forward-thinking integrated preschool in Bloomington. Jennifer's elementary school classes were segregated until the implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. She received a certificate of completion from Bloomington South High School. "She got a lot out of the transition program here in Monroe County, and she left high school with a job in place," says Dixie, a part time job at Indiana University that Jennifer held for about 15 years. The Pattersons brought together a Circle of Support that helped Jennifer move out on her own at the age 29. Dixie discusses an electronic monitoring and response support system and the Medicaid Waiver that also made the move possible. She then describes the impact of funding cuts on Jennifer's ability to live by herself.

2420. Peter Bisbecos Interview (28:41)

Date:
2012-12-04
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
“What I learned is that I had to prove myself constantly, that people with very good intentions just didn’t think I was capable of doing things because of my vision. They wanted to protect me,” says Peter Bisbecos talking about his school experience. Using the motivation to stand on his own, Peter pursued his dream to become a lawyer. Working in the Marion County prosecutor’s office, one of Peter’s first responsibilities was making sure Indianapolis' public bus transportation complied with Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). After working in the prosecutor’s office and city government, Peter was selected to direct the Indiana Family and Social Services Administration (FSSA) in 2005. Under his tenure, Indiana became the first state to create a statewide crisis management system. Peter has been involved in the disability arena off and on for over 20 years. In his interview, Peter discusses the ADA and its effect on physical access to buildings. He also describes what he sees for the future of the service delivery system and the impact on families. Peter was interviewed in 2012.

2421. Bill Gilkey - Development of Mental Health Centers (05:08)

Date:
unknown/unknown
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
In describing the deinstitutionalization movement, Bill Gilkey says, “I think the process went pretty well and one reason for that was because they did have community mental health centers in place in many areas of Indiana. Bill Gilkey, a retired psychologist, worked for the South-Central Community Mental Health Center (Centerstone) from 1970 to 2006. In this clip, he discusses the growth of mental health centers in Monroe and surrounding counties in the late 1960s and 1970s.

2422. Suellen Jackson-Boner Interview (29:56)

Date:
2015-12-06
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"The initiative on livable communities is one that I was super excited about, because I think to me that's where the disability community should be." Suellen Jackson-Boner discusses the direction that the Indiana Governor's Council for People with Disabilities was taking when she retired in 2015. Interviewed in that year, Suellen had been the Council's executive director for 35 years. She recalls the early days of the agency, which is mandated by the 1975 Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act, but was strictly an advisory body at that point. After effecting a funding transition that allowed the agency to become independent in its activities, community employment was an early focus. "At that time, supported employment was just beginning across this country" and the goal was "to show that this was very viable, that people with severe disabilities could actually work." The cooperation of four state agencies to create this initiative in the early 1980s was remarkable, Suellen points out. Early group homes, another Council emphasis, were an important vehicle for getting people out of institutions. The Council went on to serve as a catalyst for supported living and home ownership by people with disabilities. Suellen talks about how the Council has promoted leadership among people with disabilities, building their capacities to make change, through support of early self-advocacy groups and such programs as Partners in Policymaking. Prior to passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990, "the staff was heavily involved in working toward organizing people" to effect its passage. Then it sponsored trainings to educate people, particularly people with disabilities, about what the legislation entails and how to use it as an advocate. Count Us IN was a 2002 Council project surveying the accessibility of polling places. Employing people with disabilities as surveyors, thousands of polling places were assessed on election day, with support and follow-up from the Secretary of State's office. The Council's annual statewide conference on disability "has grown year after year and brought in a lot of people from all over the state and sometimes even neighboring states," Suellen recounts.

2423. Patrick Sandy - Deinstitutionalization Project Was Groundbreaking (03:39)

Date:
unknown/unknown
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
“We were scratching our heads saying, this is wrong. This isn't the right way to do it, but I'm not sure what the right way is,” describes Patrick Sandy of his experience with the Deinstitutionalization Project at the Developmental Training Center (DTC) in Bloomington, Indiana in the 1970s. The project brought residents of Muscatatuck State Hospital and Training Center to the DTC to live and find opportunities for community participation. After seeing individuals with disabilities have no control, choice or variety in their life, Patrick changed his focus in college to disabilities. Patrick was President/CEO of Easterseals Crossroads in Indianapolis when he was interviewed in 2016.

2424. Erika Steuterman Interview (1:08:00)

Date:
unknown/unknown
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
“I have a servant's mentality… so what do I do? Well, now my focus is on helping families with young children with disabilities and as they go up through the school system, how do you get supports after age 22.” Erika Steuterman has two daughters with intellectual disabilities and has experienced changes in resources and supports over the past 30 years. She discusses natural supports, employment opportunities, housing, and The Arc of Indiana trusts. Erika also has two siblings with intellectual disabilities. “I remember seeing these round scabs on his arm when I was a kid and I just knew that something evil was going on there, describes Erika. Her brother went to Central State Hospital in Indianapolis when Erika was about 11 years old. In 2013, Erika visited the Indiana State Archives to discover what happened to her brother while living at Central State. Erika says, “The stuff I saw would turn my stomach.” One piece of information she found was a checklist with the number of times her brother was tied up. There were days where he was tied up longer than he was not tied up. Today, Erika says her brother lives with two housemates and has a full life. Erika’s younger sister lived in a few state hospitals before moving into a home in Indianapolis. Erika talks about how she supports her sister today. She also discusses the importance of her daughters speaking up for themselves and plans for when Erika and her husband are no longer able to provide support. Erika was interviewed in 2016.

2425. Suellen Jackson-Boner - Early Initiatives of the Indiana Governor's Council for People with Disab... (07:08)

Date:
2015-12-06
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"At that time, supported employment was just beginning across this country" and the goal was "to show that this was very viable, that people with severe disabilities could actually work." Suellen Jackson-Boner, the Indiana Governor's Council for People with Disabilities Executive Director for 35 years until she retired in 2015, discusses several projects the Council was involved in over the years. In addition to supported employment, the Council funded housing initiatives starting in the early 80’s. The Council staff organized people in Indiana too work towards the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990. Count Us IN was a project centered on the right to accessible polling places for people with disabilities. The Council was an early supporter of promoting leadership among people with disabilities. Suellen states, “There are a lot things the Council was at the very forefront in helping to fund or get started and to get organized, which is really, I think exciting.”

2427. Bettye Dunham on Interviewing Muscatatuck Residents about Work (05:38)

Date:
2017-03-28
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
“I wish I had recorded all the stories that we heard during those interviews,” stated Bettye Dunham on interviewing Muscatatuck State Hospital and Training Center residents for jobs at the Jennings Training Center in the 1970s. She talked to residents about life at the institution, their work experience, and what dreams they had for the future. Bettye found the residents wanted to work because they wanted to contribute to their own well-being and it gave them something meaningful to do. In this clip, she shares a few stories from those interviews. Bettye was interviewed in 2013.

2428. Dawn Adams - The Work of Indiana Disability Rights (06:13)

Date:
2017-10-30
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"In every state and territory in the country there is what is called P & A, which is short for Protection and Advocacy System. So every state is required to have a designated agency that serves as the state's P&A, who is there to protect and advocate specifically for people with disabilities." Dawn Adams, Executive Director of Indiana Disability Rights, was interviewed in 2016. Indiana Disability Rights is the service arm of the Indiana Protection & Advocacy Services (IPAS) Commission. She describes the work of the independent state agency that does not answer to the Governor's office, although the Governor appoints four out of 13 members of the Commission.

2429. He's Staying at Home - Muriel LaDuke on Tim, Her Son with Disabilities (03:11)

Date:
2016-09-26
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
Muriel LaDuke's third child, Tim, was born in New Albany, Indiana with physical disabilities. A few months after his birth in 1959, a doctor told her not to bother teaching Tim to do anything. When Tim was about five, doctors suggested Muscatatuck. After visiting, Muriel said, "No, I'm not going to do that." Instead, Tim grew up with his brothers at home. His brothers made sure to include him in all the neighborhood activities.

2430. Pauline Ulrey - Sight-Saving Classroom Experience (04:32)

Date:
unknown/unknown
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
“I lost my vision at-- I was 26 months old. I was struck by lightning.” When it was time to go to school, Pauline Ulrey’s ophthalmologist did not want her to go to the Indiana School for the Blind. “I don’t know his line of reasoning, but that was his decision.” Pauline’s first elementary school did not provide accommodations for her blindness. Although Pauline was blind, she transferred to a sight-saving classroom at the end of second grade. Sight-saving classrooms targeted children with partial vision. During this time, some people believed vision could worsen if a child over-used what sight they had. The purpose of the classroom was to reduce eye strain. After the eighth grade, Pauline went to a high school with a sight-saving classroom. When vocational rehabilitation told Pauline she wasn’t college-material, her sight-saving teacher, Anna Parker, told Pauline she could go to college and paid four semesters of her college education. Pauline went on to get her bachelors and master’s degree in social work. When she was interviewed in 2015, Pauline was a field representative for Leader Dogs for the Blind.

2431. The Supported Employment Movement (08:49)

Date:
2016-10-14
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
The supported employment movement, an initiative to expand the opportunities for people with disabilities to find work in their own communities through vocational rehabilitation and ongoing job coaching, began spreading across the United States following the Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1978. In this video, Connie Ferrell, Suellen Jackson-Boner, and Patrick Sandy, three administrative pioneers of supported employment in Indiana in the 1980s, discuss some of the triumphs and challenges they faced in the early days of the movement.

2432. Wade Wingler on Assistive Technology over the Years (04:49)

Date:
2016-09-14
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
Easter Seals Crossroads has been providing assistive technology services since 1979. Wade Wingler, Vice President of Technology and Information Services at Easter Seals Crossroads in Indianapolis, Indiana, discusses how the program has grown to providing services throughout Indiana. Today, services include a lending library, training and direct service. Wade was interviewed in September, 2016.

2433. I Will Not Race in the Halls - Frank Epperson Jr. on Becoming a Successful Wheelchair Racing Athlete (04:52)

Date:
2013-03-05
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
After getting in trouble in middle school for racing in the hallways, Frank Epperson's parents decided he needed an outlet for all his extra energy. In this video, Frank speaks about discovering wheelchair racing, and becoming a Paralympic athlete. Frank competed at the Paralympics in Seoul in 1988 and in Barcelona in 1992. Frank, a lifelong, Indianapolis area resident, was interviewed in 2013.

2434. Look What He's Doing Now - Patrick Sandy on Life Enhancement Through Supported Employment (03:49)

Date:
2016-10-26
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
“I remember her having a lot of apprehension,” recalls Patrick Sandy of a meeting with a mother on why her son could succeed in supported employment. When her son was born, physicians told her to put him in an institution and forget about him. Now, Patrick was trying to explain to her why supported employment would be a great thing. He promised the mother her son could return to the workshop if it did not work out. It took a while, but the son found a job. The employer told Patrick, “I don’t know how we did what we do before he was here.” Patrick was President/CEO of Easterseals Crossroads in Indianapolis when he was interviewed in 2016.

2435. Look at Me Now - Melissa Draper on Triumph Over Prejudice (04:17)

Date:
2016-09-30
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
“I was like 21 and decided to set down and write a book,” says Melissa. Ever since she was a young child in Lafayette, Indiana, Melissa wanted to write a book about how we are all different in some way or another. Her book is called, “Follow Your Dreams”. Melissa writes about being bullied in school in the 1990s, but she never gave up. She had one high school teacher tell her she would not amount to anything. When Melissa published her book, she visited her high school teacher and said, “See, I wrote a book. I amount to something.” Melissa was interviewed in 2013.

2436. Dixie Patterson - Moving Out (04:19)

Date:
2013-02-05
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"Jennifer really wanted to move so she kind of pushed it, and we did it and she was very excited." Dixie Patterson talks about her daughter moving into her first apartment at the age of 29 in 2000. Dixie says it was a bigger transition for her and her husband than it was for her daughter. Dixie was interviewed in 2013.

2437. David Mank - History of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act (DD Act) (04:15)

Date:
2015-03-19
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
“The history of why there's the University Center for Excellence…is somewhat unique,” states David Mank. David was director of the Indiana Institute on Disability and Community when he was interviewed in 2015. He shares the story about President Kennedy preparing his State of the Union address in 1962 and realizing there was a lack of information about the quality of life for people with disabilities. President Kennedy shared this information with his sister, Eunice Kennedy, and Bob Cooke, a pediatrician who specialized in developmental disabilities. From their discussion, an idea developed that every state should have a center that could provide data on the status of people with disabilities. This idea grew into the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act (DD Act) of 1963. The legislation also defined the development of State Councils on Developmental Disabilities and Protection and Advocacy in every state.

2438. They Told Parents 'Stick Them in an Institution' (03:34)

Date:
unknown/unknown
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"Our society told parents at that time, they’re retarded, you don’t want them at home, stick them in an institution, forget that they were born." Three interviewees who worked as staff at Muscatatuck and New Castle State Hospitals in the 1960s and 70s describe the admission of adults and children whose families had few options at the time. Medical advice was to institutionalize those labeled with an intellectual disability. Families lacked community supports and the financial means required to pay for care of their son or daughter at home. Public schools were not an option for children with intellectual disabilities. This video is a compilation of excerpts from interviews with Patty Cook, Sue Beecher, and Sarah Poole.

2439. Byron Smith - An Eleven-Year-Old Pioneer (06:08)

Date:
2017-07-28
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"She kept finding out that blind students were attending regular public schools in all of the surrounding states and she couldn't figure out why weren't doing that in Indiana," recalls Byron Smith of his mother. Having recently lost his vision due to due to congenital glaucoma, seven-year-old "Bikey" entered the Indiana State School for the Blind in 1951. Five years later, and after intensive advocacy on the part of his parents and community members, he returned to his home town of Bloomington to attend Rogers Elementary School. In this 2013 interview excerpt, Byron Smith describes how he became the first pupil to be transferred from the state school to a public elementary school. He also talks about the essential tutoring assistance he received from Indiana University's Delta Gamma sorority as both a high school and college student.

2440. Darcus Nims Interview (1:20:00)

Date:
2017-09-18
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"That's only for regular people, not for us kind of people." That’s what Darcus Nims says she was told when she wanted to take a typing class in school. Darcus founded Self-Advocates of Indiana, the statewide group of advocates with intellectual/developmental disabilities, in 1990. She was interviewed in 2006, two years before her death at the age of 50. With numerous anecdotes, she discusses her achievements, the discrimination she experienced as a person with an intellectual disability, and how she fought to make things better for her fellow self-advocates. Growing up in Indianapolis, Darcus faced low expectations from the educational system. Told she needed to leave school at the age of 18, she was sent to sheltered workshops at Goodwill Industries, CrossRoads Industrial Services, and Noble Industries. Darcus wanted a job. “Nobody never asked me what I wanted to do if I wanted to go to the workshop.” For her niece with a disability, she says it is a lot better and yet many inequities remain. Darcus was proud of her influence on her niece who is now speaking up for herself. In 1991, Darcus traveled to Washington D.C. to receive the national Victorian Award for Achievement from President George H.W. Bush, for overcoming overwhelming challenges in her life. She had lunch at the White House and it was "the first time I ever got to stay in a hotel, the first time I ever got to go to a fancy restaurant." Some years later she had another first, flying to D.C. for a conference with self-advocate Betty Williams. “This time, we didn't have no helpers. We didn't think we could do it ourselves and we thought -- we were shocked we did it.”

2441. Darcus Nims - "They Didn't Think I Could Do It" (03:34)

Date:
unknown/unknown
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
In 2006, we asked Darcus Nims to discuss her biggest accomplishment. She said, “Most proudest thing would be getting self-advocates started, that showing people that what all the special stuff that disability people can do, you know.” Darcus founded Self-Advocates of Indiana, the statewide group of advocates with intellectual/developmental disabilities, in 1990. While Darcus continued her self-advocacy work, she took on the responsibility to care for her family. People told her she could'nt do her advocacy work and care for her family, but she proved everyone wrong. She was interviewed two years before her death at the age of 50.

2442. A New Approach to Employment - Karen Scherer on Supported Employment and Person-Centered Planning (05:21)

Date:
2016-10-19
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
Karen Scherer began her career as a work adjustment specialist at Morgan County Rehabilitation Center in Martinsville, Indiana. She was soon asked to serve as the coordinator for the supported employment grant received by the center in 1986. In this video, Karen talks about her experiences helping people with disabilities find jobs in their communities, and how the techniques of employment specialists changed after the introduction of supported employment and the passing of the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act.

2443. Nobody Asked Me - Darcus Nims on Self-Advocacy (06:06)

Date:
2006
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"What do they mean, us kind of people?" Darcus wanted to learn math skills. She wanted to learn how to type. Unfortunately, her teachers would tell her those skills were for "regular" people. When Darcus turned 18, no one asked her what she wanted to do, instead she was sent to a workshop. This was the beginning of her advocacy work. Darcus was well known for her advocacy work in Indiana. She helped launch Self-Advocates of Indiana in the 1990s. .

2444. Frank Epperson, Jr. - Dating Experiences Over the Years (06:18)

Date:
2013-03-05
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"That's not a real guy," recalls Frank of a conversation he overheard in high school after asking a girl out. Fortunately, this didn't stop Frank from dating. Frank says there was a stigma to being in a wheelchair in high school. He was proud to be the first guy in high school in a wheelchair who had a girlfriend who wasn't in a wheelchair. “That was a huge status thing. To break that glass ceiling, that wall.” There are still barriers, but Frank believes the dating scene has improved over the years.

2445. A Mother's Instinct -Sharon Hauss on Family Advocacy (08:35)

Date:
2016-11-08
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"Let's wait and see what he can do," is what doctors told Sharon after the birth of her son in the 1980s. Fortunately, Sharon didn't wait around. She searched out services for him and as he got older, she continued to advocate for him by enrolling him in a community preschool. There have been many struggles and triumphs over the years, but today Sharon's son is a college graduate with an interest computers.

2446. Connie Ferrell Interview (54:32)

Date:
2017-09-29
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
“To be part of that and to watch the leadership and those agencies catch fire…" Connie Ferrell recalls the excitement of introducing supported employment to Indiana in the early 1990s. "At the time they were doing it, it was like heresy. And they had parents up against them and everybody else up against them. And yet they were on fire. They couldn't not do it at that point.” When interviewed in 2015, Connie was an Indiana resident working for Virginia Commonwealth University and a consultant on topics such as supported employment and benefits counseling. She recalls her early involvement in supported employment as it took hold in other states, with federal monies becoming available to implement change at the state level. These systems change grants encouraged movement away from segregated, congregated employment to integrated, community employment, "the concept of providing individual supports on the job site, not requiring people to be job ready before going to work." She moved to Indiana in 1992 when she was hired as a field coordinator for the new Indiana Employment Initiative implementing Indiana's systems change grant. She describes providing technical assistance to agencies in the southern part of the state that were moving clients out of sheltered workshops, supporting them to be competitively employed. From the vantage point of 2015, Connie sees stagnation in employment in Indiana as well as other states. "I haven't really seen progression in supported employment since the 90s." "I think one of the things that's so disappointing to me about Indiana's plateau or stagnation is that the 90s was an incredible decade for Indiana. We were way ahead. We got into the game late and surpassed many other states and agencies in terms of movement in the direction of community inclusion and supported employment." She discusses the move from hourly billing to "results-based funding" in Indiana, and the growth in day activity programs instead of employment. Connie talks about the importance of work incentives and getting information to people receiving public benefits. They need to know it's an "urban myth that if you go to work and earn over about $700 or $1,000 you're going to lose your Social Security, or you have stay under $85 if you're on SSI, or if you go to work you're going to lose your Medicaid and Medicare." She sees Indiana as a leader in the previous decade because the state vocational rehabilitation agency funded a network of benefits information specialists. Other topics include person centered practices, fostered here with the help of trainings by Beth Mount and John O'Brien. Connie also reminisces about her former colleague Steve Savage and his contributions. Steve was executive director of the Arc of Greater Boone County and died a few months before this interview.

2447. Patrick Sandy Interview (1:10:00)

Date:
2016-09-14
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
“We were scratching our heads saying, this is wrong. This isn't the right way to do it, but I'm not sure what the right way is,” describes Patrick Sandy of his experience with the Deinstitutionalization Project at the Developmental Training Center (DTC) in Bloomington, Indiana in the 1970s. The project brought residents of Muscatatuck State Hospital and Training Center to the DTC to live and find opportunities for community participation. After seeing individuals with disabilities have no control, choice or variety in their life, Patrick changed his focus in college to disabilities. When Patrick first started working in day services, it was just a place to warehouse people. There were few planned activities during the day. President/CEO Easterseals Crossroads in Indianapolis when he was interviewed in 2016, Patrick believes day services are evolving. There is more effort to figure out what the individual with a disability wants to achieve in the community. Patrick believes parents and university research drove the supported employment movement. Although in Indiana, he feels parents were apprehensive at first. Patrick discusses some of the current challenges facing supported employment and possible solutions. He describes Employment First and Vocational Rehabilitation’s funding of the discovery phase in assisting people find better job matches. Patrick was asked to share some stories about Steve Savage, his close friend who was executive director of the Arc of Greater Boone County when he died in 2015. “He got involved in the industry when he was in college… When I think about what he brought, first of all, he brought the Savage enthusiasm to the industry. And by that I mean he was just full of energy and didn't take no for an answer. He was just one of these people that could push things forward and he did it in a way where he would make people laugh, he'd engage people as friends,” says Patrick.

2448. David Mank Interview (1:13:00)

Date:
2015-03-19
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"I think it's extremely important that people with intellectual and developmental disabilities be a continued and increasingly strong voice in developmental disability issues of the day. And be in the rooms where decisions get made about funding, services, and issues for people with developmental disabilities." When David Mank was interviewed in 2015, he had been director of the Indiana Institute on Disability and Community at Indiana University (IIDC) since 1996. David describes the history of University Centers for Excellence on Disabilities in the U.S. and, more extensively, the history of the IIDC. He focuses on the quarter-century directorship of his predecessor Dr. Henry Schroeder, and on the Institute's work in the areas of special education (with its movement towards integrated and inclusive practices), as well as the areas of supported employment, autism, early childhood, and aging. He talks about the Institute's relationship with its sister organizations (the Indiana Governor's Council for People with Disabilities and Indiana Disability Rights) in promoting self-advocacy and livable communities. David shares an anecdote about the occasion when vocal attendees at a 2008 national self-advocacy convention in Indianapolis led to the removal of the "R" word from the name of an Indiana commission. Recognized as an expert in the area of employment for people with disabilities, David discusses best practices in transition from high school to adulthood, promoting integrated employment, and the growing opportunities for post-secondary education of individuals with intellectual disabilities. As a former member of the "317 Commission," he recalls its origins during a time when an expose of abusive conditions at New Castle State Developmental Center was broadcast, and the good outcomes that developed out of the commission's report in 1998. David Mank retired as director of the IIDC in 2016.

2449. Connie Ferrell - Did Supported Employment Stagnate? (05:18)

Date:
2015-04-28
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
“I haven't really seen progression in supported employment since the 1990s,” recalls Connie Ferrell. She was hired as a field coordinator for the new Indiana Employment Initiative in 1992. In her 2015 interview, Connie explains why she feels supported employment plateaued in the state after the 1990s. One theory is the loss of block money to be creative in reaching individuals. It was also a time when Indiana moved from hourly billing to result-based funding. Connie sees stagnation in employment across the country. She feels disability service agencies have pulled away from people with the most intense support needs because they're afraid the agencies will lose money. Somebody once told her that when they saw what could be done, they stopped thinking about reasons why it couldn’t and found a million reasons why they had to. Connie states, “I think unless that happens, supported employment looks like a risky business.”

2451. Ric Edwards - ADA Interview (20:01)

Date:
2009-11-16
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
This was not just a thing that was going to affect us,” Ric Edwards recalls, “it was going to affect our kids and our kids' kids, and many generations to follow.” The work to win support in Indiana for passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) felt like an awe-inspiring responsibility, he shares. Many years prior to the advent of the ADA in 1990, Ric had broken his neck in a car accident. He faced classes at an inaccessible public high school in his home town of Spencer, Indiana. Ric’s father made sure that the school took daily responsibility for carrying him up and down staircases. That was in 1970. In this 2009 interview, Ric reflects on the extent to which accessibility has improved since the advent of the ADA, activities in Indiana prior to its adoption into law, and the significant barriers for people with disabilities remaining. In 2009, Ric was director of Safety and ADA Compliance for the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, as well as chairperson of the ADA-Indiana Steering Committee, the entity responsible for promoting implementation of the ADA across the state. Ric talks about getting to know Justin Dart Jr. when Dart visited the state to rally support for the landmark legislation, and relates a humorous anecdote about meeting him for the first time. Ric describes the statewide hearings regarding the ADA, where Dart’s presence drew policy makers and other individuals of influence. The “movers and shakers” heard directly from Hoosiers with disabilities concerning obstacles and discrimination they were encountering. Dart’s example led Ric to recognize the importance of being “at the table,” not just to communicate, but to actually “become those people that are making the changes and the decisions." Ric credits some of the other people in Indiana who were instrumental in laying the groundwork for the ADA, in some instances well before the legislation was proposed: Jim and Frieda Pauley, Norton Brown, Sharon Byrkett, Nancy Griffin, Costa Miller, Christine Dahlberg, and Suellen Jackson-Bonner. In the pre-digital communication era, people got organized through telephone calls, conferences, and word of mouth. “I can remember licking a lot of stamps and doing a lot of envelope stuffing." As the twentieth anniversary of the ADA approached, Ric acknowledged the work remaining. “Everybody is struggling with employment. It's much more significant for people with disabilities just because you've got the additional barriers that employers have towards people with disabilities. They don't understand many times what people with disabilities can do.”</p><p><a style="font-size: 1em;" href="https://www.indianadisabilityhistory.org/items/show/271" target="_top">Read Ric Edwards interview transcript</a>.</p>

2452. I've Come a Long Way - Beverly Rackley on Advocacy (08:37)

Date:
2014-12-08
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
Beverly Rackley's mother said, "You can take those papers and tear them up, or I will tear them up in front of you." In this video, Beverly shares stories of her mother's advocacy on her behalf during her childhood, and discusses how, over the years, Beverly has become a strong advocate for herself and others. Her mother had been repeatedly presented with papers by Riley Hospital, to sign over her young daughter’s care to Muscatatuck State School. She refused. When the seven year old needed to start school in Indianapolis in the late 1960s, she and her husband had to fight the school board to allow Beverly to ride the bus. Beverly was interviewed in Indianapolis on December 8, 2014.

2453. Nancy Griffin - ADA Interview (22:42)

Date:
2009-11-16
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
“So, we ended up creating our first bus roping opportunity.” Nancy Griffin describes participating in an action protesting inaccessible public transportation. “You get a half a dozen folks in wheelchairs and somebody goes up to the door of the bus and says excuse me Mr. Driver, but you and your bus are taken and your passengers are welcome to leave,” Nancy explains. “But, while you're having this conversation… the other people are chaining themselves to the bumpers on the front and the back of the bus with titanium bicycle chains.” Nancy’s activism was part of her membership in ADAPT (Americans Disabled for Accessible Public Transit) in Tulsa, Oklahoma before she moved to Indiana in the 1980s. Nancy was an accessibility consultant when she was interviewed in 2009 about her involvement in Indiana’s implementation of the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Nancy wrote a successful grant for federal funding that allowed the Indiana Governor’s Council for People with Disabilities to support extensive training about the recently passed ADA. The trainings educated individuals with disabilities about their new rights, and businesses and other entities about their obligations. Nancy administered the state’s ADA Training Network with offices in north, central, and southern Indiana. She and her staff acquired their expertise from the national Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund. The Indiana network began to get requests from outside the state. “In fact, we trained the entire civil rights staff of the U.S. Department of Transportation and Housing at a seminar that we put together for a week long training in Washington, DC.” Nancy shares some context for how the ADA was first introduced in 1988 when the disability conversation changed to issues of civil rights. She reminisces about Justin Dart Jr. and his considerable impact in Indiana. “He was so compelling. And, you just couldn't say no to Justin.” She shares an anecdote about his (ultimately successful) attempts to influence President George H.W. Bush favorably towards the ADA. Dart had regular dinners with the President’s chief of staff. Dart selected restaurants where his dinner companion would have to carry him and then his wheelchair onto the premises. “Justin managed never to find an accessible restaurant in Washington, DC and they had dinner at least once a month for a year and a half,” she relates. Another anecdote explains how the categories of businesses named in the landmark legislation were created in the Congressional cloakroom, using the Yellow Pages.

2454. Christine Dahlberg and Ric Edwards - Spreading the Word About the ADA (06:08)

Date:
unknown/unknown
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
“We actually heard from a number of different people in a lot of different communities,” explains Ric Edwards of the town meetings held when Justin Dart visited Indiana. Christine Dahlberg discusses the Indiana Governor's Council for People with Disabilities role in arranging meetings and inviting disability organizations to the meetings. “Our job was to find a venue and get it all set up and make sure all the advocates were invited and that there was sufficient room for them, and then even to try and get media coverage of the rallies.” Ric explains the stories they heard at the rallies laid the groundwork for the ADA. “We were able to not only hear from people as to what the real problems were, but we were able to put that into an act and actually try and address some of those questions, some of those problems, and remove some of those barriers.” Once the rallies were over, the work started on making sure the legislation passed. Christine says, “We didn’t have the internet back then.” Instead, telephones calls, mailings and faxes helped get information out to people. Ric recalls making a lot of phone calls, “I can remember the ear getting so red and swollen that you had to switch ears.” Christine and Ric were interviewed at the 2009 Indiana Governor's Council for People with Disabilities Conference.

2455. Senator Tom Harkin - Americans with Disabilities Act: The Past and the Future (06:10)

Date:
2018-02-23
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"I must be completely honest - I was not the first person to introduce the Americans with Disabilities Act," retired U.S. Senator Tom Harkin pointed out in an interview with the Indiana Disability History Project. In fact, Senator Harkin had been one of the main authors of the landmark civil rights legislation, and became its chief Senate sponsor. He also gives credit to the ADAPT "Capitol Crawl" action on March 12, 1990 with influencing legislators to finally get the law on the books. Before the end of May of that year, the bill had been passed by both chambers of the House. It was signed by President George H.W. Bush on July 26. In this 2017 interview excerpt, he looks back on a historic moment and forward to the work ahead. In his view, the next frontier is jobs. "We have not broken through on employment." Tom Harkin was a United States Senator from Iowa from 1985 to 2015. He was interviewed on December 4, 2017 at the Indiana Governor’s Council for People with Disabilities Conference where he was the keynote speaker.

2456. Jaime Cousins - Mapping Out My Life (07:38)

Date:
2017-07-28
Main contributors:
Indiana Disability History Project
Summary:
"I'm going to need to go to a college with a very highly rated psychology department." James Martin Cousins, who has autism, was a sophomore at a charter high school in Indianapolis when he was interviewed in 2011. He described his central role in creating his own Individualized Education Program (IEP) at Metropolitan High School. Jaime shares his educational goals after high school graduation and how he hopes to get his dream job doing research for the Lego company.

2458. Dial Gold "Untitled" (01:01)

Date:
1969
Main contributors:
Dial Gold
Summary:
An advertisement for Dial Gold soap narrated by a man. The scene depicts a small, cramped car picking up a group of men who are carpooling and looking at one another suspiciously. The scene ends with a close-up of the product and the narrator saying, "Aren't you glad you used dial, don't you wish everybody did."

2460. Personna Blades "Demo" (00:59)

Date:
1967
Main contributors:
Personna
Summary:
A razorblade is dipped in chicken fat and hung to dry. A narrator states that all Personna blades receive the same treatment and the same quality they put into their surgical blades is also put into their razorblades.

2463. [Romania, Botoșani County, Săveni; Jews, Yiddish-speakers, Romanians; Interviews, 2003] (1:46:38)

Date:
2003
Main contributors:
Indiana University. Archives of Historical and Ethnographic Yiddish Memories.
Summary:
Interview topics include childhood memories, life and home before the war, religious education, family members, traditional weddings, occupational structure in Săveni, including prewar synagogues, Purim, Passover and Hanukkah celebrations, including food customs, the Ștefănești rebbe, non-Jews who spoke Yiddish; life during World War II, imprisonment in the Mohyliv-Podilskyy ghetto; life and customs during the postwar Soviet era, postwar Jewish life in Dorohoi and Săveni, postwar Yiddish culture, including theater performances, contemporary antisemitism, responses to questions about cultural terminology and dialectologial questions. Descriptive information presented here may come from original collection documentation. Please note collections of historical content may contain material that could be offensive to some patrons.

2464. Springtime in Europe (12:57)

Date:
1957/1964
Main contributors:
Bernadine Bailey
Summary:
Home movie documenting multiple trips Bailey took to Europe between 1957 and 1964. Highlights include pastoral scenes and medieval architecture in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Germany ; Bailey boarding the Auguste Piccard mesoscaphe in Lausanne, Switzerland ; public art in Geneva, including the Reformation Wall and Woodrow Wilson Memorial Sphere. In Paris, Bailey visits the Palace of Versailles, Notre Dame, Tuileries Garden, Chartres Cathedral, and the Sorbonne, which she once attended as a student.

2465. The daybooks of Edward Weston : how young I was (29:16)

Date:
1965
Summary:
Illustrates Edward Weston's philosophy of photography and life through his writings, which he called "Daybooks." Relates the feelings of the photographer as photographs are presented from Weston's soft-focus period, his abstract photographs, and his work done in Mexico. Evaluates Weston as an artist through discussions by two of his sons, his second wife, and one of his former students.

2466. Renault Dauphine "Build" (01:00)

Date:
1960
Main contributors:
Renault Dauphine
Summary:
The Dauphine is called a "winter wonder car" as it drives around snowy mountain ranges. It drives through snow-covered forests as the announcer talks about how it's the official car of the Winter Olympics. Skiers go around it as it stops at the bottom of a skiing slope. The price is listed and the announcer talks about what mechanically makes it a good car for winter driving.

2467. Hour after Hour "Machine Shop" (01:00)

Date:
1964
Summary:
Set in the style of a silent era film a mechanic is told that he needs deodorant by a coworker. As the mechanic walks around town people avoid him because of his smell. He eventually gets some Hour after Hour deodorant which relieves him of his stench.

2468. [Ukraine, Vinnytsya, Hnivan'; Jews, Ukrainians; Interviews, 2008] (2:16:24)

Date:
2008
Main contributors:
Indiana University. Archives of Historical and Ethnographic Yiddish Memories.
Summary:
Interview topics include family celebrations of Jewish holidays, family life before the war, childhood memories from Tyvrov, Stalinist terror of 1932, religious life and customs in Hnivan' after World War II, family escape during the war, escape from the ghetto, dialectological questions, Jewish weddings after the war, Yiddish speakers in the region. Descriptive information presented here may come from original collection documentation. Please note collections of historical content may contain material that could be offensive to some patrons.

2469. Dash "Six Kids" (01:01)

Date:
1963
Main contributors:
Dash
Summary:
A repairman arrives at an overworked mother house to repair her washing machine. The machine broke because the mother was trying to wash all her kids’ clothes. The repairman then reveals to the mother that she should have used Dash laundry detergent.

2470. The individual (34:21)

Date:
1964
Summary:
Examines the problem of the individual in a complex society. Analyzes how various aspects of American life satisfy man's need for self-identification. Assesses the impact of government planning on individual initiative and community identification and examines the problems of people living in urban renewal projects. Points out how the Polaroid Corporation deals with the suppression of individuality in industry and how a steel corporation treated an executive who expressed personal opinions.

2471. The end of conflict (29:02)

Date:
1968
Summary:
Presents Indian spiritual leader Krishnamurti speaking of the personal discontent suffered because people compare what they are with an ideal of what they should be. Explains that this comparison takes place because they accumulate emotions such as hatred and aggression in their memory which limits their freedom to be aware of life. Suggests that people must become totally attentive to and aware of their present environment without interference from memory and past experience to end the conflict.

2472. Mercury "Jamaican Honeymoon" (02:00)

Date:
1960
Main contributors:
Mercury
Summary:
A young American couple are sailing from colder climates to Jamaica for a honeymoon and they've brought their Mercury car with them on the trip. The announcer is singing in an overt Jamaican accent about the car and the couples adventure with Jamaican musicians depicted only through their hands playing instruments providing music to accompany the jingle. We see the car travel through Jamaica with the couple, including to the beach where older British women inspect it appreciatively. As the couple drives other white tourist also smile at the car. In the final scenes all of the white tourists are gathered around the Mercury car shaking maracas as the black, Jamaican people play music and dance around the car smiling.

2473. Flicks #1 (27:43)

Date:
1965
Summary:
Defines movies as glorified shadow shows and traces the motion picture revolution from a simple shadow on a wall to modern movies. Presents a history of the development of the movie camera, film, and other photographic inventions. Includes Al Jolson, Lon Chaney, Laurel and Hardy, and sequences from The Great Train Robbery and a Conquest of Space.

2474. Country Club Malt "Crushed Can" (01:04)

Date:
1964
Main contributors:
Country Club Malt
Summary:
A Country Club malt is poured into a glass and afterwards a man crushes the malt can with his hand. For reminding second half of the commercial the narrator sings to himself and allows the viewers to watch a malt glass fizzle in relative silence.

2475. Kellogg's Frosted Flakes "Proper Grip" (01:00)

Date:
1964
Main contributors:
Kellogg's Frosted Flakes
Summary:
A father teaches his daughter the proper way to hold a spoon so that she can eat her Frosted Flakes without spilling them. As the father teaches, he soon becomes distracted with eating Frosted Flakes.

2476. Better Vision Institute "School" (01:00)

Date:
1961
Main contributors:
Better Vision Institute
Summary:
A mother takes cares of her son’s cut and toothache but is unaware of his poor eyesight. A narrator informs parents about the importance of having their children receive regular eye care.

2478. Mum Deodorant "Matching Suits" (00:15)

Date:
1967
Main contributors:
Mum
Summary:
A man and a woman both wear matching suits. A narrator then states the way you can tell the difference between a man and woman is that a woman wears New Mum Deodorant Spray.

2479. Duz "Farmer's Wife" (01:00)

Date:
1963
Main contributors:
Duz
Summary:
A farmer’s wife tells her husband the reason why the laundry is so clean is because she used Duz laundry detergent.

2481. Lifebuoy Soap "All Vignettes" (00:29)

Date:
1968
Main contributors:
Lifebuoy Soap
Summary:
People spend their whole day in the shower playing instrument, painting, and sleeping because Lifebuoy Soap is so good that they don’t want to leave.

2482. Tussy Deodorant "Frug" (00:41)

Date:
1968
Main contributors:
Tussy Deodorant
Summary:
A woman performs a frug dance in a nightclub as a narrator explains that Tussy Deodorant provides long lasting protection from sweat.

2484. Arrid Deodorant "Train" (00:59)

Date:
1966
Main contributors:
Arrid Deodorant
Summary:
A young man and woman struggle to meet each other at a busy train station. A narrator explains that Arrid is the choice deodorant for young people.

2486. [United States, Indiana, Bloomington, Mexican, 1998] (1:37:15)

Date:
1998
Main contributors:
See Other Contributors
Summary:
Sones de México performs traditional Mexican music. Descriptive information presented here may come from original collection documentation. Please note that collections of historical content may contain material that could be offensive to some patrons.

2487. I.M. Pei Dedication Tape (12:32)

Date:
1982
Main contributors:
Indiana University Communications and Marketing
Summary:
Architect I.M. Pei shares his thoughts on the design and site placement of the-now Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Museum of Art, including his hopes for future art placement both within the atrium and outside. Video was played at the dedication of the Museum on October 13, 1982.

2489. Mennen "Newborn" (01:02)

Date:
1960
Main contributors:
Mennen
Summary:
A narrator explains how defenseless and helpless newborn babies are. He then goes on to tell the audience that you can protect you baby from skin diseases by using Mennen Gentell baby soap. While the narrator is talking a baby is shown crying and receiving a bath.

2490. Crippled Children "You Make Hope Possible" (01:06)

Date:
1962
Main contributors:
Crippled Children
Summary:
The commercial shows a cripple girl taking her first step towards her mother without the need for crutches or help. A narrator state how Easter Seals has improved the lives of countless handicap people.

2491. Ban Deodorant "untitled" (00:15)

Date:
1968
Main contributors:
Ben Deodorant
Summary:
A politician asks the narrator how Ban Spray Deodorant will help his campaign for governor. The narrator replies that he is running in a very small state.

2492. Vel "Dish Soap" (01:04)

Date:
1962
Main contributors:
Vel
Summary:
A male and female narrator explain the benefits of Vel’s dish soap such as how it is softer than baby soaps and it cleans grease off of dishes.

2494. [Ukraine, Chernivtsi, Novoselʹtsy; Jews, Ukrainians, Yiddish-speakers; Interviews, 2009] (2:00:00)

Date:
2009
Main contributors:
Indiana University. Archives of Historical and Ethnographic Yiddish Memories.
Summary:
Interview topics include imprisonment in the Mykolayiv ghetto, prewar Jewish life in Novoselʹtsy, contemporary Jewish life, life during World War II, religious education, imprisonment in the Kosharyntsi ghetto, service in the Red Army, childhood memories, holiday celebrations, prewar Yiddish culture, cultural terminology, traditional weddings, food customs, linguistic and dialectological discussion of the Yiddish language, tour of the former Jewish neighborhood. Descriptive information presented here may come from original collection documentation. Please note that collections of historical content may contain material that could be offensive to some patrons.

2495. Snowy waves of grain (35:31)

Date:
2019-10-18
Main contributors:
Wagner, Gerald, Wolf, Ray, Thomas, Ben, Miles, Emily, Shanahan, James
Summary:
Late September in the U.S. saw a host of abnormal weather events: record heat in the Southeast, a Category 5 hurricane in an odd location, and five feet of snow in Montana. This episode, the team zeroes in on the early, heavy snows that could have a long-term effect on farmers in the Northern Plains. 2:00 - Gerald Wagner, director of the Blackfeet Environmental Office 14:00 - Ray Wolf, science and operations officer, NOAA/NWS Quad Cities 20:45 - Ben Thomas, director of the Montana Department of Agriculture

2497. Vitalis [Not identified] (00:18)

Date:
1968
Main contributors:
Vitalis
Summary:
A wide variety of people are shown being satisfied with their hair when they use Vitalis hair product.

2499. Auto safety : on the skids (29:14)

Date:
1967
Summary:
Reports on survival--car design, highway simulation tests, and the "skid school" at the research center of the Liberty Mutual Insurance Company at Hopkinton, Massachusetts. Shows two cars designed to protect a driver from crash injuries--a research and a production model. Demonstrates the use of the highway simulator and delineates methods used in the skid school to train drivers to control skids.

2500. In pursuit of environmental justice (33:46)

Date:
2020-02-17
Main contributors:
Shepard, Peggy, Miles, Emily, Shanahan, James
Summary:
The legacy of environmental (in)justice stretches beyond the commencement of the industrial revolution, and according to long-time community organizer Peggy Shepard, it remains among the greatest challenges of the next generation. This episode, we discuss the definition of environmental justice, how it tends to play out for regulators, and examples of communities around the world standing up for fair distribution of environmental burdens.