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Generative AI systems trained on decades of open access, digitized scholarly publications and other human-written texts can now produce non-copyrightable(?), (mostly) high-quality, and (sometimes) trustworthy text, images, and media at scale. In the context of scholarly communication, these AI systems can be trained to perform useful tasks such as quickly summarizing research findings, generating visual diagrams of scientific content, and simplifying technical jargon.
Scholarly communication will undergo a major transformation with the emergence of these model capabilities. On the plus side, AI has the potential to help tailor language, format, tone, and examples to make research more accessible, understandable, engaging, and useful for different audiences. However, its use also raises questions about credit and attribution, informational provenance, the responsibilities of authorship, control over science communication, and more. This talk will discuss how open access scholarly publishing has helped power the rise of the current generation of AI systems (especially large language models), some ways that AI is primed to change/has already changed scholarly publishing, and how the OA community might work with these models to improve scholarly communication, for example, by introducing different and more flexible forms of science communication artifacts, incorporating human feedback in the generative process, or mitigating the production of false/misleading information.
Just as countries seemed to be turning a corner at Paris, COVID, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and the resulting instability in energy markets have drawn attention elsewhere. Meanwhile, at the Glasgow Climate Summit (2021), negotiators had to face yet another politically complex and confounding aspect of the climate issue -- “loss and damage” to the world’s poorest countries due to climate change. Has international cooperation on climate change reached a dead end? Will other concerns continually push it off center stage, delaying a successful global effort to solve the problem and exposing humanity to ever greater climate risk? What have we learned about treaty-making on climate change over the past 30-plus years that should make us either optimistic or pessimistic about international cooperation?
Humanity is accustomed to highly variable weather but climate, the average weather over the long term (for example, a human lifetime), was quite predictable. In the US, we established institutions like the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the National Flood Insurance Program to cushion the shock of those rare extreme events, like landfall of a category 5 hurricane, a once-per-century flood of a major river system, or a severe multiyear drought, but as far as the climate went, we didn’t need to think ahead because it wasn’t changing. Now, those days are gone and we face a continuously evolving climate for decades to come. The most challenging aspect is that those formerly rare events are becoming commonplace, each having the potential to compound the damage from the last. Are our institutions up to the task of dealing with the increasing frequency of hazardous events? Is human psychology capable of the forward planning required to limit the damages? Can our political system provide adequate incentives to policy makers to think and act ahead?
Inventories are one of the most useful types of documents available to book historians. They are essentially lists of person or organization’s goods, but these seemingly simple lists contain a wealth of data and information. For a private individual, an inventory of their household goods can point towards their wealth and status in society while an inventory of their books allows us to analyze their book ownership habits and potential reading. For members of the book trade, inventories of their businesses can tell us about the size and characteristics of their business, the typical tasks they performed, as well as what types of books they produced or sold. Aggregations of these book inventories help us understand the production, sale, ownership and reading of books in a given geographic and temporal space as a whole. However, the data found in inventories of early modern private libraries, booksellers, and printers are usually published by book historians as simple transcriptions of the documents (sometimes with metadata identifying the book described in each entry) in print or in online journals as PDFs. Whether in print or in PDF, this static presentation of inventory data makes it difficult for book historians to browse, search, aggregate, compare, and build upon each other’s data.
As part of my doctoral work investigating bookselling and private libraries in early modern Navarre, Spain, I am using TEI-XML and the open-source database builder Heurist to address these issues of dissemination, interoperability, and sustainability for book inventory data and to improve my overall process for conducting historical research. In this presentation, I will outline my current workflow for moving from historical documents in the archives to a final dataset. I will discuss my use of TEI inside and outside of the archive and the development of my Heurist database, Libros en Navarra | Books in Navarre (LN|BN), which stores data for private library and bookseller inventories documenting what books were present in Navarre during the 16th and 17thcenturies. I seek to show how these methods of digital scholarship provide a base which facilitates not only my research but hopefully the research of other book historians who in the future may wish to incorporate and transform my data in their own work.
As the digital landscape continues to shape how we interact and engage with information, the LGBTQ+ community faces unique challenges in maintaining their online identities securely and privately. This presentation explores empirical findings from a user study that evaluates the usability and effectiveness of privacy and security tools among LGBTQ+ individuals who are part of the library and information science profession. The study shows unique insights into the barriers influencing their adoption of such tools, the criteria they consider when deciding to disclose personal identifiable information and their overall satisfaction with the tools currently available. By leveraging the study’s findings, the significance of implementing robust privacy and security measures in libraries will be emphasized. Furthermore, we will collaboratively develop practical recommendations to empower libraries in better supporting and embracing the LGBTQ+ community. Through meaningful discussions and knowledge exchange, this presentation aims to raise awareness about the critical importance of privacy and security tools within diverse communities, inspiring a privacy-centered mindset and approach among libraries and professionals.
Even as JATS XML has become the standard format for academic publishing, the challenges involved in implementing a JATS XML-based publishing workflow have prevented many library publishers from moving beyond PDF-based publishing. The complicated apparatus of even the most basic scholarly articles complicates XML production considerably. In addition, most existing workflows are reliant on XML conversion tools or paid vendors to convert author submission documents into JATS XML. In either case, these XML documents are time-consuming to produce and often require additional editing and correction before publication. Book reviews, on the other hand, provide a less burdensome format for library publishers who wish to transition to XML publishing. With minimal training, editorial teams can format JATS XML book reviews in-house without resorting to paid vendors or conversion tools. This presentation outlines the successful onboarding of a JATS-only book review journal to the Open Journal Systems platform. To facilitate this, we created a simplified JATS XML template using the DAR tag subset specification to optimize machine readability, avoid redundancy, and ensure reusability. The onboarding process also required customization of the OJS interface and the creation of detailed documentation and training materials for the editorial team. Although the editorial team had no prior experience with OJS or JATS XML, they are now publishing full-text, machine-readable books reviews. As the result of our work, these book reviews will now be more easily indexed and permanently stored as markup in a digital preservation archive. The semantically tagged content will facilitate keyword searches and increase discoverability over the long term. Finally, as a machine-readable format, JATS XML is inherently accessible and includes elements that allow for accessibility tagging and for the creation of interfaces that are both Section 508 and WCAG compliant.
The Institute of International Education (IIE) administers the most prestigious awards for international education such as the Fulbright. As an intermediary between states, private philanthropies, corporations, and universities, the IIE has smoothed global crises and facilitated U.S. diplomatic policies related to international education for the past century. In my dissertation, “The Cosmopolitans: The Institute of International Education from Liberal Internationalism to Neoliberal Globalization (1919–2003),” I ask how parastatal organizations like the IIE became central to twentieth century liberalism. I argue that Americans came to rely on international students as proxies to end global conflicts, fortify the United States’ geopolitical standing, advance capitalist economic development in the Global South, and keep U.S. colleges financially afloat.The Institute of International Education has dominated the fields of international education and person-to-person diplomacy from 1919 to the present as an intermediary between states and private organizations. It has bolstered international student programs with private grants and administered flagship federal programs such as the Fulbright. This combination of private administration and capital with federal legislation and the brand of the U.S. government has characterized the shift from massive public spending and liberal internationalism in the postwar era to the neoliberalism of the late-twentieth century.
This talk will explore Dr. Sutton’s introduction to Digital and Public History through the Remembering Freedom: Longtown and Greenville History Harvest. It will discuss the method she termed Descendant Archival Practices– a method that reveals new ways of writing histories of Black women and acknowledges the preservation and memory work of Black women elders as an alternative to mainstream archives–and how she incorporates the skills and methodological approaches she learned from HASTAC and IDAH in her research and classrooms.
"Liberal democracies constrain power by imposing legal constraints on the exercise of power. Among developed democracies, the United States has one of the most extensive sets of checks and balances. When combined with the country's current polarization, this institutional setup often leads to what I have termed "vetocracy," in which there are so many veto points that even the simplest forms of collective action become impossible.
The US and other liberal democracies will face major challenges in the coming years in making difficult and costly decisions to both mitigate and adapt to climate change. Is there a way of reducing vetocracy without undermining basic principles of liberal democracy? We do not want to imitate China, which stands at the opposite end of the spectrum as a consolidated authoritarian state with virtually no checks on the power of the Communist Party. These lectures will look at institutional measures that democracies might adopt to improve decision-making and implementation."
"Liberal democracies constrain power by imposing legal constraints on the exercise of power. Among developed democracies, the United States has one of the most extensive sets of checks and balances. When combined with the country's current polarization, this institutional setup often leads to what I have termed "vetocracy," in which there are so many veto points that even the simplest forms of collective action become impossible.
The U.S. and other liberal democracies will face major challenges in the coming years in making difficult and costly decisions to both mitigate and adapt to climate change. Is there a way of reducing vetocracy without undermining basic principles of liberal democracy? We do not want to imitate China, which stands at the opposite end of the spectrum as a consolidated authoritarian state with virtually no checks on the power of the Communist Party. These lectures will look at institutional measures that democracies might adopt to improve decision-making and implementation."
Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) (980-1037 CE), the renowned physician-philosopher and polymath, lived a life of nonstop writing and constant traveling. Organizing his scholarly works was a task initiated by his disciples, continued by medieval biobibliographers, and grappled with by modern historians of philosophy and science. In my doctoral project I am interested in two of his many fields of scholarship as well as the interaction between the two—namely celestial natural philosophy (celestial physics), and mathematical astronomy. Like my fellow medieval and modern historians of Ibn Sīnā’s corpora, I found his wanderlust and prolificacy a complicating factor in tracing his authorship in time and space. In this talk, I show how I resolved this complication by visualizing Ibn Sīnā life journey on a multilayered map, and how, using the vector data that I produced in the process, I ran a geospatial analysis to detect the time and place where he was most active in writing on the two abovementioned fields of knowledge. I will outline the workflow behind my digital humanity project including data collection, thinking about taxonomy for data organization, choice of platform, building a geodatabase with multiple layers, data visualization and analysis using a number of ArcGIS desktop and online platforms.
"In the United States as in other countries, many people genuinely concerned to right historical wrongs have woven together an ideology often called “the woke left.” I will argue that this ideology is not, in fact, genuinely leftist, as it challenges many of the crucial ideas that have traditionally been central to all leftwing movements. I will argue for a new understanding of ideas of solidarity, justice and progress that have their roots in the much-maligned Enlightenment, and discuss how those ideas might be applicable today."
"My most recent book argued that Americans--and other peoples--have much to learn from Germany about historical reckoning. Historically, nations cultivate heroic narratives; failing that, they seek narratives of victimhood. Germany was the first nation to confront its vast crimes during World War II, and acknowledge that it had been neither hero nor victim but perpetrator.
This may seem obvious to outside observers, but this process was a long and hard one; in the first four decades after the war, West Germany considered itself the war’s worst victim. Dedicated grassroots work, along with foreign policy considerations, forced far-reaching changes in attitude. In the past two years, however, German historical reckoning has gone awry in many ways. I will discuss this, along with parallels to current developments in the U.S."
This project will examine the digital component to my dissertation concerning two housing developments in Chicago’s Bronzeville community. The privately developed Lake Meadows and the public developed Clarence Darrow Homes went on divergent paths and through data visualization we can see how and why these housing complexes varied in their development. The humanities offer a way to tell the story of housing development but a the digital world offers a way to tell this story to a wider audience. Data visualization offers researchers a way of changing how we use data and how data can tell a story will bridging the gap between the digital world and the humanities.
This digital project is a part of my larger research project on exploration and photography in the Russian empire’s borderlands in Siberia and Central Asia (Mapping and Photographing Asiatic Russia: Imperial Landscapes of Exploration) and it will serve as an analytical instrument to bring data from different disciplines to visualize research results and make this project available to scholars and general public. This project aims to develop a digital map with data, using georeferencing, to link texts, historic maps, and photographs to examine scientific exploration and colonization of the Semirechie region in Central Asia in the early 20th century. This project will locate and visualize expeditions led by Prof. Vasilii Sapozhnikov (1862-1924), a botanist and glaciologist, and give a new possibility for complex interdisciplinary analysis of his findings and representations of the region. When this project is completed, it can be used for further analysis of the environmental transformation of landscape if it is linked with other data, including scientific records and aerial photography. This project can be also used as a prototype for analysis and visualization of other expeditions, like Sapozhnikov’s expeditions to the Altai mountains.
This research project links history of science and exploration, history of the Russian empire and its borderlands in Asia, visual studies, environmental studies, and spatial history, examining writings, photographs, and maps produced as a result of the expeditions in Jeti-su [Semirechie] in the late 19th-early 20th century. It aims to identify a role of scientific exploration in imperial colonization of the region and how explorations in geography, geology, glaciology, and botany represented the region as a territory and a natural resource to be incorporated into the empire. I will present this work-in-progress discussing steps taken, reflecting on the learning curves and research experience creating a database to collect and organize data I need for making ArcGIS web map, learning ArcGIS Pro for mapping the expeditions to Semirechie and Altai and using ArcGIS StoryMaps applications to visualize and present my research.
Many researchers in a wide variety of disciplines outside of computer science are developing software tools as part of their research agenda. The current academic-publishing climate often then requires researchers to publish separate articles on their software tools, treating the tools as byproducts rather than primary research outputs. This presentation introduces Design Based History Research (DBHR) as a methodological bridge between the practices of digital-history tool design, the use of digital methods to create historical argumentation, and social-science-inspired methodological innovation. Design Based Research (DBR) is an approach to studying learning theory that asks researchers to integrate a theory into a design, implement the design, and then study the design as a way of modifying both the theory and the design that aims to reify it. DBHR is an adaptation of the DBR approach that seeks to center software tools as a primary research product by offering a template for research that is rooted in the concurrent and intertwined development of historical theory, digital-history tools, and collaborative historical methods.
This talk will discuss the context, methods and early results of a few of the projects underway at the HathiTrust Research Center, including: using machine learning to detect and classify English-language fiction and Black Fantastic literature, exploratory computational study of Native American-authored literature, and updates on the production of new datasets to further cultural analytics research. The HathiTrust Research Center is the research branch of the HathiTrust, with the mission of facilitating research use of the 17.6 million-item HathiTrust Digital Library. HTRC is co-hosted by PTI and the iSchool at University of Illinois.
This presentation is co-sponsored by the Pervasive Technology Institute (PTI) Seminar Series.
The IUB Libraries Diversity Strategic Plan was originally written and published in Fall 2016 and has served the last few years as a way to gather and report metrics about the library organization, staff, the collections we provide, and the communities we serve in relation to diversity. The murders of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and Dreasjon Reed in 2020 brought into sharp focus for library staff that what we were doing as an organization was not nearly enough to address systemic racism. As a result, the Libraries Diversity Committee began a collaborative process to understand organization-wide what it means to focus on diversity, equity, inclusion, justice, and accessibility and how our Libraries Diversity Strategic Plan could move us towards being a more diverse, equitable, inclusive, justice-oriented, and accessible organization and group of people. The focus of this talk will be to share how we organized this work, communicated with each other, and collaboratively worked on a new Diversity Strategic Plan together. This effort is coming from all of us in the Libraries and while it does require persistence, the methods shared here might be helpful to organizations working on improving transparency and encouraging participation.
While the JATS XML format is widely used in scholarly publishing, many library publishers have been slow to implement this standard in their article production workflows. Due to the challenges involved in converting, editing, and rendering conventional article submission files into full-text XML galleys, library publishers often lack the resources and experience to adopt JATS as a publishing format. The complicated apparatus of even the most basic scholarly articles, such as abstracts, images, graphs, footnotes, and references, complicate XML production considerably. Book reviews, however, provide a less complex format for library publishers who wish to gain experience publishing in XML. Drawing on a recent experience onboarding an online book review journal to the Open Journal Systems platform, this presentation offers a practical guide to developing a JATS publishing workflow that is accessible for both library publishers and editorial teams with minimal prior knowledge of XML.
In this presentation, we will discuss how web archiving fits into the University Archives mission and collection development policy; the usefulness of the Indiana University Web Sites and Social Media collections for researchers and IU employees, and current goals and challenges in capturing online content.
Melanie Chambliss, Eileen Fradenburg Joy, Quito Swan, Ethan Michelson, Alexa Colella, Gary Dunham, Maria Eliza Hamilton Abegunde, Willa Tavernier, DeLoice Holliday
Summary:
"The Scholarly Communications Department welcomes you to join us in-person or virtually on Friday, October 28 for a full-day Open Access symposium and reception hosted at Wells Library. We will highlight IU authors’ experiences with publishing open access, showcase various models of funding open access publications, and frankly discuss challenges and limitations. We will also take the opportunity to discuss the implications of the recent “Nelson Memo,” which has wide-reaching implications for all research and publications supported by federal grant agencies."
Librarians are working to counterbalance collections decisions and priorities that have historically marginalized the histories and experiences of people of color. Critical digital scholars have also highlighted the need to disrupt the replication of this marginalization in the digital sphere. Meanwhile concerns about diversity, cultural competence, and the marginalization of students of color in STEM and librarianship continue. Libraries can use critical digital collections in response. This presentation will focus on an open access digital resource built at Indiana University Bloomington Libraries - Land, Wealth, Liberation: The Making & Unmaking of Black Wealth in the United States - which has seen significant uptake from the campus and community and attracted diverse student workers. Librarians and students built this resource on a Libraries-hosted digital exhibition service based on Omeka S, which allowed for rapid, collaborative and distributed development, and integration of embedded audiovisual content and interactive timelines. The primary timeline spanning 1820-2020 offers an alternate construction of significant historical periods, tying them to events that directly affected black communities, such as the 1921 destruction of Greenwood, Tulsa, and the federal urban renewal policies initiated by the 1949 Housing Act. Librarians actively engaged students in developing their skills in scholarly communication, open access, and digital methods. The success of this project opens new doors for collaborative digital scholarship projects between the Libraries, the campus, and the community, and illustrates that digital collections focusing on the stories of historically marginalized groups can be an important means of addressing multiple concerns.
On Good Morning's SKNs Connections, Jamie and Kortensia connect with Willa Liburd Tavernier. Willa hails from our twin-island Federation. She is currently a Research Impact & Open Scholarship Librarian at Indiana University. Recently, Willa spearheaded the launch of an open-source digital resource collection called “Land, Wealth, Liberation,” She speaks more about it and her experiences with racism in this powerful and insightful interview.
Community-based approaches have gained attention in recent decades as crucial building-blocks for conservation in many regions of the world. But what does it take to make them work? Almost 50 years ago, leaders of a small community in southwest Madagascar joined with academics in Madagascar and the US to launch a partnership with the declared goal of helping people, forests and wildlife in the area flourish together. I trace the gradual development of this partnership from a “bargain struck” between constituencies with very different interests into a broadly shared endeavor. Today, it offers a model for transcending the small scale and limited impact typical of community-based-conservation initiatives, and a glimmer of hope that they can help safeguard the environment in Madagascar and beyond.
Madagascar has always been a place of change, as even a brief glimpse at its long history makes clear. A widely held view is that human activities alone have driven recent environmental changes, and the island is a poster child for human destructiveness: forest cover has declined sharply, and all the largest-bodied animal species have gone extinct within the past thousand years. Evidence bearing on the decline and disappearance of the island’s giant elephant birds raises many questions about this simple story of human-driven change. A more nuanced understanding of the past is a vital foundation for efforts to ensure the continued survival of the many unique plants and animals to which Madagascar is still home.
Digital Humanities (DH) centers come in all shapes and sizes, from one-person operations with minimal resources to larger teams with dedicated staff. Many centers continue to wrestle with questions of relevance and sustainability, two aspirations that are often at odds. Centers that register in the middle range—enough resources to make ripples but not enough to scale—are well-positioned to explore a pipeline model that offers scaffolded, staged pathways that build sustainable, permeable competencies in DH research and pedagogy. These pipelines also support cross-institutional partnerships, which strengthen a shared knowledge base and extend communities of practice beyond campus boundaries. The Institute for Digital Arts & Humanities (IDAH) at Indiana University Bloomington developed programs and approaches that follow a pipeline model with an emphasis on capacity-building via curriculum, skill acquisition, and increased support for graduate students. This presentation will provide an overview of the IDAH pipeline model and illustrate a working example of this model following the “journey making” methodology.
*A version of this presentation was given as part of the 2020 Annual Meeting for the Association for Information Science and Technology.
The ability to understand and analyze massive amounts of information cuts across disciplinary lines but is particularly salient in the disciplines of both history and data science. This talk will leverage activity theory to explore an activity system that supports students and researchers working with complex information by integrating a collaborative open-source network-analysis software tool called Net.Create. I’ll explore the ways in which Net.Create transforms the limitation of large class sizes in history classrooms into a resource for students’ collaborative knowledge building, how Net.Create provides a platform for students to draw on details in a historical text to collaboratively construct a larger network, and how collaborative data entry supports the historiographic practices of citation and revision for both students of history and professional historical researchers alike.
This presentation will introduce attendees to the use of a relational database, built using AirTable, that can provide a platform for managing projects that require analysis of a large number of primary sources. As a use-case, I’ll share my own relational database that contains entries for the 185 medieval manuscripts analyzed for my dissertation. I will explain how those of us working in the Humanities can use this platform to prepare for and process archival research, demonstrating how a relational database can even help reveal otherwise difficult-to-identify patterns in our research.
As the pandemic continues, so has life and work. We know things are different than before, but in which ways? In-person versus remote work is one area of life and work where we have been experiencing changes in the Libraries. Most IU Libraries staff worked remotely from late March 2020 through May/June 2021. Since summer 2021 library staff are increasingly working in the office, but the rapidly changing nature of the pandemic may alter this further. The reasons for working in-person versus working remotely are not necessarily clear in messaging from administrative areas of the university and the interpretation of that messaging varies by unit or department. In one office area of Herman B Wells Library, we sent out weekly surveys through the Fall 2021 semester to ask how work was happening and see if we could track any patterns or see any clear changes in how we do our work now. Join us for this topical conversation impacting libraries and other academic units across campuses throughout the country.
By preserving artifacts held by communities who are often hidden or erased from the dominant historical narrative and contextualizing these artifacts with oral histories, the History Harvest model, set forth by the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) in 2010 as a form of public humanities engagement, amplifies voices that would otherwise not be heard. A public history endeavor at Indiana University Bloomington offers a case study in which we reconsider History Harvest fundamentals, from technology needs to workflows, with human labor at the center, following minimal computing approaches. Our adaptations of the original model, eleven years after UNL’s launch of the History Harvest, are guided by the same principles of engagement, replication, and autonomy for the community members, students, and scholars alike, all of whom contribute to the telling of stories. In consultation with minimal computing “thought pieces” and related literature, we are working towards an approachable model, both in computer and human terms, for History Harvests. Our presentation will explore the human and technological aspects of minimal computing in the context of History Harvests, with a focus on how to scaffold limited resources like funding, lightweight technology and workflows, and properly support and acknowledge the limitless contributions of the cross-section of people involved in History Harvests.
It is easy to feel overwhelmed by the simultaneous political, economic, and climate crises upon us, but Frances Moore Lappé digs to their interacting roots so we can be sure that in attacking them our actions matter. Lappé shows us how our peculiarly brutal form of capitalism—enabling Big Money’s corruption of our democracy—has brought on climate catastrophe. Lappé also exposes and uproots our culture’s myths about our own nature that hinder us. Our deepest human needs beyond the physical are for power, meaning, and connection, she argues, and only democracy can fulfill them. Stepping up to meet our historic crises becomes an opportunity to meet our own legitimate needs. Through inspiring stories and startling facts on effective climate actions, Lappé helps us realize our own power to generate a new story as we tackle root causes with exhilarating, courageous action—together.
As course reserves became unavailable and students were unable to share textbooks, the COVID-19 pandemic made the need for accessible, digital course materials more important than ever. IU Bloomington and IUPUI Libraries partnered to create a Course Material Fellowship Program (CMFP) in 2020. The goals of the Course Material Fellowship Program are to help all students afford college regardless of their economic status, to facilitate and inspire the development of alternatives to high-cost textbooks, and to centralize support for instructors working with affordable course material solutions. In order to compensate them for their time and ensure success, fellows are provided with a stipend, the expertise of librarians and instructional technologists, and the opportunity to learn alongside their peers. The pilot year of the Course Material Transformation Fellowship Program is estimated to impact over 5,000 students and save them over $185,000 across the two campuses. Fellows from the initial cohort utilized a variety of solutions, including existing Open Educational Resources, library resources, and their own content, to build new and more effective course materials which will be used throughout the 2021-2022 academic year. This session will provide an overview of the CMFP pilot, discuss the obstacles inherent creating and implementing the pilot program virtually, and showcase one or two example projects from the 2020 pilot cohort. Additional CMFP details can be found on the IU Libraries website. A previous brown bag on OER may also serve as useful background.
Frances Moore Lappé shares her journey from an awakening that led to the three-million-copy Diet for Small Planet in 1971. Starting with events triggering her to ask, “why hunger?”, she describes how this question led her to a life-long quest probing “the question behind the question.” She identifies both the progress in both understanding and partially realizing holistic solutions to food and hunger as well as shocking, backward motion worsening ecological destruction and human health. The actions she advocated in 1971 as positive choices are now absolute essentials, Lappé explains. Throughout she stresses the “power of ideas” guiding human action—how limiting ideas have trapped us on the wrong path as well as how a new, more holistic “story” is emerging. From courageous actions across the planet, some in surprising places, she identifies a positive remaking of our understanding of human capacities that can inspire our effective action.
There are no current archival standards for remediating harmful language/content in archival materials. For this reason, Digital Collections Services (DCS) prepared a harmful language statement and reporting system for the Libraries’ digital archival and special collections. Taking an active role in managing archival collections allows users to engage with the Libraries about potentially harmful language/content. In this statement, we connect users to collection policies and campus-wide efforts to mitigate white supremacy and similarly biased views. While a harmful language statement is an important step to provide context for archival materials, we also wanted to commit to an ongoing workflow inspiring discourse with the communities we serve and center those communities who have been marginalized and underserved by our library practices. We created a Qualtrics form linked from the DCS website as well as collection and item level description where applicable. Users can anonymously report offensive language or content. Our hope is that users feel empowered to contribute to and request change in our digital collections. DCS assigns the report ticket to the appropriate collection manager who determines how to address the reported issue. Data collected from the reporting forms can be used to address current description practices as well as inform future description. For example, reporting offensive content could result in adding a content warning where users would encounter the reported item. We hope that opening communication will strengthen collection description, supplement ongoing anti-racist description practices, and bolster a more conscientious relationship between users and collection managers.
Datasets that underlie research findings are increasingly in demand. Funding agencies and publishers require that research data be discoverable, accessible, and preserved for future use. Beyond this, data preservation and sharing are essential for the advancement of science. While research articles and monographs have persisted through time the original data mostly has not. Data repositories are essential scientific and university infrastructure that help solve this problem. Without this infrastructure it is difficult for researchers to share their intellectual output broadly and securely while getting the proper credit. Data repositories provide a centralized hub for data and promote cross-disciplinary collaboration which leads to the generation of new theories and cutting-edge science. DataCORE is IU Library’s new institutional data repository and provides the infrastructure to address these issues. In this presentation DataCORE’s development team and IU’s Data Services Librarian talk about the technology underlying DataCORE, its capacity and future as well as a demonstration on how to use it.
Casey, Michael, Mobley, Robert, Figurelli, Daniel, Dunn, Jon
Summary:
Audio-Video Preservation Services (AVPS) is a new department in the Library Technologies division of IU Libraries, offering services to IU units that hold archival audio and/or video recordings. It is staffed by veterans of the now-completed Media Digitization and Preservation Initiative and offers expert preservation-quality digitization of a number of audio and video formats. In addition, AVPS is able to assist with audio and video collection management issues such as prioritization, selecting vendors, developing grant proposals, and quality control, among others. This presentation will explore AVPS origins, current objectives, and technical capabilities, with presentations by Mike Casey, Rob Mobley, Dan Figurelli, and Jon Dunn.
In this session, Jackson Harper (Library Science Graduate Student & Sciences Library Graduate Assistant), Amy Minix (Neuro-Health Sciences Librarian), and Nick Homenda (Digital Initiatives Librarian) will share their experiences working with the online exhibit platform, Omeka S. This talk will cover how the History of Smallpox Vaccination online exhibit was planned and implemented, which include the project management process, curating content, highlighting library and Open Access resources, transferring information into Omeka, and creating visual representations using ArcGIS maps. Participants will learn about this process, which will hopefully inspire folks to create their own Omeka S online exhibitions.
This brown bag will discuss how partnerships between faculty and multiple library entities in service of digital pedagogy can help enrich the learning processes and outcomes of students’ final projects. We will demonstrate how access to the University Archives allowed to students refined their critical research skills. Furthermore, along with the Institute for Digital Arts and Humanities, students fostered digital literacy skills that resulted in the creation of individual public-facing webpages as their final digital projects. The partnership of multiple university units not only enriches the educational experience for students, but also provides them the opportunity to hone valuable skills that will prepare them for careers in the digital age.
Pontones, Pam, Shella, Jim, Jackson, Tambra, Suggs, Michael
Summary:
This panel focuses on solutions to several major challenges facing Indiana, including public health, public education, citizenship, and diversity and inclusion.
The COVID-19 pandemic has provided further evidence that a world of increasingly complex challenges requires a commitment to reaching beyond boundaries, crossing disciplines, bridging research and practice, and welcoming diverse perspectives. David Oxtoby, President of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, describes how one of the nation’s oldest learned societies is reinventing itself to address the challenges of today—and how we can all work together across institutions, professional societies, and disciplines to serve the common good.
In America today, many of us can feel overwhelmed by the simultaneous political, economic, and climate crises upon us. Frances Moore Lappé discusses these three interacting roots of our problems: a brutal form of capitalism, big money's grip on our democracy, and climate catastrophe. She shows us how realizing their unity can be empowering, not overwhelming. They open historic opportunity. Addressing one crisis, we are working to solve all three. Through inspiring stories and startling facts, Frances helps us realize our own power to generate a new story as we tackle these root causes with exhilarating, courageous action—together.
This lecture explores contemporary factors shaping electoral, partisan and policy developments. After late 20th century civil rights reform, and the growing political incorporation of African Americans into electoral politics, social and political scientists tracked the gradual rise in African American political participation, the increasing numbers of elected officials of color, and perhaps most remarkably, the election in 2008 and 2012 of Barack Obama to the Presidency. Donald Trump’s unexpected election in 2016 challenged that framing of the development of successful racial reform. The 150th Anniversary of the 15th Amendment, and the 50th Anniversary of Civil and Voting Rights legislation, offer an opportunity for reflection. This address, delivered after January 2021’s Three Wednesdays: the January 6th Insurrection on the Capitol, the second Trump Impeachment and the Biden Inauguration, considers our options and where the nation heads from here in the 21st century.
2021 IAH Annual Business Meeting
President’s Report
Amendment of the IAH By-Laws
Election of New IAH Board Members and Officers
Awards Ceremony
Bennett-Tinsley Award for Undergraduate History Research and Writing
Walter K. Nugent Best Graduate Student Paper Award
James H. Madison Best Indiana Magazine of History Article (2020) Award
The Indiana Geological and Water Survey (IGWS) is a research institute of Indiana University and a state agency whose roots originate with the first survey of earth science resources of the state of Indiana in 1837 by David Dale Owen, our first State Geologist. The IGWS is responsible for maintaining the state’s geological “cabinet,” or collections of physical samples, maps, and data that are increasingly born-digital. There are now more than 2 million individual items in the IGWS sample collections and digital holdings of both digitized and born-digital data from oil, gas, and water wells; historic photograph collections; springs and caves; hydrologic and atmospheric data; and much more. To better maintain these collections, the IGWS created CARST—the CollectiveAccess ResourceSpace Tandem—an environment that integrates both a collections management system and a digital asset management system. These free, open-source software platforms are combined with metadata schemas, controlled vocabularies, and persistent, globally unique identifiers to facilitate long-term archival and discoverability of these important assets. This environment also easily integrates with data aggregators to benefit regional and nationwide studies on the availability of critical minerals and rare earth elements, the quantity and quality of water resources, and potential threats from geologic hazards like earthquakes and landslides.
As digital archives evolve, it is important to ask how they serve their users and to shine a light on their conceptualization and construction. Archives such as the Manchester Digital Music Archive (MDMArchive), a digital community music archive based in England, take community experience and memory as their starting point and guiding focus. This Digital Library Brown Bag, drawing on a case study of the MDMArchive, examines how user-generated digital archives contribute to the development of more representative and democratized repositories of memory through the use of participatory collecting methods and equitable curatorial practices. Based on a dissertation project exploring the motivations behind community archiving and the place of community archives within broader heritage networks, this presentation combines ethnographic research with digital humanities analytical methods to trace trends in archival content over time and outline the overall structure of the online archive. By engaging in these analyses, this multimodal research allows for a larger scale examination of how digital archives are used and speculation about how they can be used to foster and sustain community-based knowledge.
Special collections libraries have long been repositories for collecting and preserving the history of the book. However, general collecting parameters have not yet encompassed what is, arguably, the most recent manifestation of the book: eBooks. Although scholars of book history have spent the last decade or so including eBooks in their historical overviews, their importance in the overall timeline of book evolution has not yet made an impact beyond historical contemplation. However, there might be a reason institutions are not overly eager to be the first to create a collection of early eBooks. Not only do eBook files come with the same long-term preservation problems as any born-digital materials, they also have added complications such as a lack of standardized file format, a lack of permanence in licensing agreements, and the constant threat of content changes from the seller, just to name a few. Therefore, while this presentation aims to develop an awareness of the need for special collections libraries to begin collecting eBooks, it also seeks to lay out the complications that currently stand in the way of a successful eBook collection to start a conversation around possible solutions for long-term preservation and patron use.
Word embeddings have recently been applied to detect and explore changes in word meaning in historical corpora (Hamilton et al., 2016; Rodda et al., 2017; Hellrich, 2019). While word embeddings are useful in many Natural Language Processing tasks, there are a number of questions that need to be addressed concerning the stability, accuracy and applicability of these methods for historical data. Previous studies mostly made use of exceptionally large corpora such as Google books (Hamilton et al., 2016). However, there is scarce literature on the stability and replicability of these embeddings, especially on small corpora, which are common in historical work. It also remains unclear whether methods used to evaluate embeddings in contemporary data can be used for historical data sets.
In the work presented here, we focus on three methodological questions:
How replicable and stable are the results of different word embeddings models?
How do we determine the accuracy of different embedding models on our historical data?
Given the low resource situation, can we find (enough) meaningful words in the embeddings to draw conclusions about semantic change? Do our findings correspond to prior knowledge?
We experimented with a historical corpus of medieval and classical Spanish that is an order of magnitude smaller than those used in previous studies, and obtained word embeddings using three commonly used word embedding models: SGNS (Mikolov et al., 2013), GloVe (Pennington et al., 2014), and SVDPPMI (Levy et al., 2015). We compare the results of different models and the solutions we developed to address the challenges found.
The Vietnam War: Stories from All Sides began as an oral history project telling stories from American & Vietnamese veterans, refugees and others impacted by the war. Ron Osgood initiated the project through an Institute for Digital Arts & Humanities (IDAH) Fellowship and a New Frontiers Grant. Over the past 10 years, more than 150 oral history interviews have been recorded, a prototype website for educational use created and a documentary film produced.
Currently, Osgood is working with Jon Cameron to upload the 150 oral history interviews to the IU Libraries’ Media Collections Online service. In addition to providing long-term preservation for the media and an institutionally owned platform for hosting, website embeds are also being migrated from YouTube to Media Collections Online.
When systemically marginalized communities provide their own controlled vocabularies of terms, can those be used effectively for browsing and researching in information systems that do not use those same vocabularies? Join us as we share ongoing work to use connections between the Homosaurus, an LGBTQ+ Linked Data vocabulary and the Library of Congress Subject Headings to enhance discovery of relevant resources in a library catalog. We will explore how this can aid education about terminology and possibly help to mitigate biases on the part of researchers and the library catalog. We will share the proof-of-concept web application, the work completed so far, and discuss further planned work and possible future contributions.
Our traditional journal vendors are transitioning from being publishers to being data analytics companies. A few of them, including RELX (Reed Elsevier + LexisNexis) have even become data brokers that sell dossiers of personal information to ICE. In this discussion, we’ll look at how companies’ research platforms are now part of larger data analytics systems, and what that means for our privacy and intellectual freedom. We’ll also think about open access projects and other efforts that could help ensure that people who use our libraries can do their research without being subjected to surveillance.
This fall, the IU Libraries is launching two exciting new services: IU DataCORE, for storage and access of IU research data, and Digital Collections, for managing and delivering digitized images, books, newspapers, sheet music, and archival collections . These IU-wide services were conceived as part of the Enterprise Scholarly Systems (ESS) initiative, a partnership between the IU Libraries, IUPUI University Library, and UITS. Both services are built using the Samvera Community’s open source Hyrax repository platform. They represent a new, modern way of managing and proving access to our unique digital collections using software collaboratively developed by several partner institutions including IU. This talk will provide an overview of both services, providing insight into their history, technologies, and plans for the future.
Join to hear an update on the new Archives Online service from Indiana University. With support from the Indiana University Office of the Bicentennial and in close collaboration with the Archives Online Working Group, made up of representatives across the IU campuses, Indiana University Libraries is working to decrease barriers for description and digitization of archival and special collections for all IU campuses and increase access to these same collections for our students and scholars. This talk will focus on Indiana University’s implementation of ArcLight, an open source Blacklight-based application for indexing and accessing EAD-encoded finding aids, initiated by Stanford University Libraries and collaboratively developed with IU and several other universities.
The HathiTrust Digital Library (HTDL) was founded in 2008 with just over 2 million volumes in the collection. Today there are over 17 million volumes ranging from 6th-century psalters to 21st-century academic texts. The diverse contents of the HTDL include government documents, academic journal articles, and monographs from all the disciplines one would find represented in a typical academic research library. While the majority of materials are in English, there are many volumes in German, French, Spanish, Italian, Arabic, Chinese, Russian, and Latin. Researchers may perform text analysis on the contents of HTDL by utilizing the many text analysis tools and data sets provided by the HathiTrust Research Center (HTRC).
The HathiTrust Research Center (HTRC), based at IU Bloomington, develops infrastructure, tools, and services to support Text Data Mining of the HTDL corpus. These include off-the-shelf web-based text analysis tools, a secure data capsule computing environment for analysis of rights-restricted content, and the HTRC Extracted Features Data Set, which provides volume-level and page-level word counts and other metadata for the entire corpus.
This presentation will discuss the current contents of the HTDL collection and its benefits as a data source and provide examples of existing research facilitated by HTDL collections and HTRC resources. In addition, this presentation will give an overview of the various HTRC text analysis tools and the different options for analyzing public domain and copyrighted material.
Academic libraries and archives are dealing with increasing numbers of digital audio and video (AV) files, acquired through both digitization of analog collections and acquisition of born-digital AV resources. While the emergence of low-cost storage options and maturity of streaming platforms has made it easier to store and deliver AV, these collections often lack metadata needed in order to make them discoverable and usable by researchers and other users. Since late 2018, the Indiana University Libraries have been working with partners at the University of Texas at Austin, New York Public Library, and digital consultant AVP to develop an open source software platform, known as AMP (Audiovisual Metadata Platform), that leverages automated machine learning-based tools together with human expertise to build workflows to create and augment metadata for AV resources to improve discovery, rights determination, and use. We will present an update on progress of the AMP project and its successes and challenges to date, including a demonstration of the AMP system and discussion of issues in system design, workflows, and the use of open source and commercial cloud-based machine learning tools. We will also discuss results to date of testing the AMP system using collections from the Cook Music Library and University Archives at IU and from the New York Public Library. This work is generously supported by a grant to IU from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.
The Indiana University Digital Preservation Service Planning Project, a collaborative effort involving the IU Bloomington Libraries, the IUPUI University Library, and UITS, and was launched on July 24, 2020 to address two significant needs. First, as a growing number of campus units acquire and create digital collections, there are increased opportunities for variations in practice and the duplication of resources and effort to maintain these materials. Second, while IU has successfully preserved digital collections for decades, current solutions do not always align with emerging professional best practices. The project will respond to these issues by documenting functional and technical requirements appropriate to the IU community as well as exploring funding and governance models that would support a university-wide service. Upon completion of the project in January 2021, the team plans to seek approval to move forward with the implementation of their recommendations. This presentation will provide an overview of the project goals and deliverables as well as updates on current work. Attendees are encouraged to bring questions and provide feedback.
Representation is one of the most powerful impacts that archives can make on communities. Ensuring that all people’s works, lives, and information is being preserved in an archive is what fuels a many modern day archivist. However, establishing equal representation of minorities and underrepresented groups is not enough to create a more inclusive world, archivists must also create ways for people to access that information. The creation of digital libraries and other online resources, allows for more people to use the resources collected, see themselves and their work represented, and gain an understanding of the artists who have come before them. The Ars Femina Archive (AFA), is housed at Indiana University Southeast, and is a collection of music composed by women from before the 1500s to the 1800s. This archive preserves and celebrates the impact that women in history have had on music. Women are largely underrepresented in the arts and especially in music, the AFA allows for people from around the world to research and access this collection of musical compositions created by women. This presentation will focus on the history of the collection, what is contained in the archive, its mission and how that mission is furthered by digitization, and the impact it has on scholarship and performance.
Sarah Hare, Julie Marie Frye, Beth Lewis Samuelson
Summary:
The sixth chalk talk in the series, this video describes inequities in journal publishing. The video also explains how disparities in information access impact both researchers and citizens.
Sarah Hare, Julie Marie Frye, Beth Lewis Samuelson
Summary:
The fifth chalk talk in the series, this video describes the benefits of publishing articles in journals. The video also explains how scholars assess journals and how the ownership of scholarly journals has shifted.
