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Portrays life in the northeast corner of Scotland. The work of the fishermen and farmers and the industries and other activities of Aberdeen are described in some detail.
A message from Donald M. Nelson, chairman of the War Production Board, urging Americans to save metals, rubber, and greases for the World War II effort.
"A record of the achievements of the Canadian Army's First Division in the Sicilian campaign of World War II, a campaign that breached the walls of Axis Europe. It also shows how this campaign was made possible by the efforts of farmers and factory workers in Canada."--NFB website.
Depicts the life and adventures of Sir Francis Drake, an English explorer of the 16th century. Portrays his exploration of the new world and shows some of his personal possessions including sword, ceremonial helmet, and Bible. Shows model demonstrations of how ships sailed in those days and how sailors fought. Indicates the crude navigation instruments used by early explorers and points out the difficulties which Drake encountered.
Portrays the role of Nanking in the history of China. Pictures its modern city life and its surroundings, including the Yangtze River, the mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen, ancient landmarks, and famous buildings.
Uses a poem by F. L. McConkey and drawings by Joseph Servell to depict the work and social environment of a factory town where anger frusteration, and despair set in when the workmen are laid off.
Explains the contents of the Essentials of Good Speech. Discusses duration as an aspect of voice production and how it refers to the length of sound. Illustrates a lesson on duration at the "Presentation Stage" of Face A of the Speech Model. Shows the pupil learning a "part" (Duration) which will later be applied to a "whole" (word or words).
Presents a lesson at the "Imitation Stage" on loudness. Demonstrates how to help a pupil correctly imitate loud and soft vowels through the process of shaping only one ingredient at a time.
Discusses a well-known system for practicing pronunciation: articulation of consonants and enunciation of vowels. Emphasizes again more "parts" which are to be applied to "wholes." Shows how sounds are associated with a color code: blue for voiceless, red for voiced, and brown for nasal manner of articulation. Illustrates an early lesson at the "Presentation Stage" and introduces specific touch positions for color work.
Discusses the GLGSP as an integrative device for the general teaching of language and speech so that every communication between pupil and adult can be made a learning situation for language or speech or both. Presents five steps a teacher can use in understanding what a pupil has said.
Presents four lesson segments demonstrating advanced stages of pitch learning. Demonstrates, in the first segment, the production of vowels which move from low to high or high to low, and the production of combinations of loud, soft, high, and low-pitched vowels. Presents, in the second segment, the application of "part" learning of pitch to the correct general pitch by asking the pupil to lower his voice. Shows, in the final segment, the application of "part" learning of pitch to the intonation of the question, "Is it big?"
Continues synthetic practice of the "whole" word, "welcome", narrowing to analytic work on the second syllable (km). Shows the teacher shaping (km) toward correctness: weak form of the syllable, i.e., soft, short, nasal emission on (km). Then pupil works at the "Presentation and Imitation Stages" on Face A of the speech model.
Examines carry-over practice involving habituation of the correct accent and intonation of the entire phrase. Demonstrates carry-over practice given through the General Language: General Speech Pattern by the teacher in the language lesson, by other teachers in a nursery school, and by parents at home. Concludes with a pupil automatically using the phrase correctly in a general situation.
Discusses shaping the pronunciation of vowels and consonants. Depicts the teacher helping the pupil combine voiced and nasal consonants with long vowels. Also presents more difficult sound combinations, including short vowels.
Demonstrates the guiding of a pupil to consciously produce the desired pitch of vowels through reinforcement of his correct imitations. Depicts the teacher assessing the pupil's natural pitch for the vowels (ü), (ä), and (ē), in one case making the child conscious of his naturally high (ü).
Demonstrates the incorporation of the "part" (weak second syllable) back into the "whole", "Welcome." Depicts the teacher attempting to get proper intonation on the word through (a) shaping and (b) general practice. Presents an assessment of the automatic production of the phrase.
Focuses on "CH" and "J" at Face C of the speech model through the GLGSP in classroom situations as the sounds arise incidentally in words. Shows the pupil working at the "Production Stage" of "CH" and the "Presentation Stage" of "J". Concludes the learning session, which began at Face A when the pupil started the in-depth work on "SH" as a single sound.
Demonstrates one pupil's accomplishment of the early goals of color work: pronunciation of vowel and consonant combinations. Depicts a pupil producing the majority of speech sounds on request, and imitating (shaping) some complex sounds: "SH", "R", "L", and "S". Discusses the application of "part" learning to the pronunciation of a new word, "talent," which the pupil sees in print.
Continues to practice, as well as working on the whole phrase incidentally. Evaluates the automatic production of the entire phrase. Includes five examples of use of the General Language: General Speech Pattern unrelated to specific work on (km).
Presents a lesson at the "Production Stage" on duration, an aspect of voice production. Depicts the pupil producing vowels of long or short duration on request. Points out how the knowledge and skill of the "part" learning of duration is then applied to the word "welcome." Demonstrates the use of verbal direction alone to help the pupil learn correct syllable duration in the word.
Presents a pupil working at the "Imitation Stage" on pitch. Shows the pupil developing high vowels (ä) and (ē) from one naturally high vowel, (ü). Depicts a pupil being taught to sustain high vowels in moving in continuous voice from (ü) to (ä) and (ē).
Demonstrates teaching devices which can be employed to help the deaf pupil with step 1 of learning to pronounce the SH sound: three devices for tongue blunting, one device for keeping the tongue tip placement centered during blunting, and three devices for maintaining a high wide tongue during blunting.
Continues the shaping of the production of the element (km) to become weak. Depicts a pupil achieving a second approximation [making (km) very short], and later moving from High-Error to Low-Error to No-Error practice. Demonstrates the General Language: General Speech Pattern.
Presents a lesson at the "Imitation Stage" on duration, covering the "part" that will later be applied to a "whole" word or words. Depicts the shaping of the pupil's duration of vowels, using three levels of reinforcement.
Sets forth the incorporation of "SH" into words. Takes five nuclei words through Face A of the speech model. Demonstrates work on the first word, "she," from "Presentation, Imitation, and Production Stages" including carry-over devices and no-error level of practice. Uses one teaching device to review "SH" in isolation as well as one GLGSP in the language area.
Demonstrates the production of vowels using requested loudness on first trials. Depicts the pupil applying her "part" learning, loudness, to get proper accent on the word "mama" through verbal request alone.
Shows how to select and lay out stock to avoid waste; how to reverse curves to contour lines; how to use the table tilting gage; how to saw a bevel reverse curve; how to prepare a template for a newel post; and how to saw a newel post having reverse curves.
Crown Film Unit, British Information Service, South African Bureau of Information
Summary:
A British production reporting on the contribution of South Africa, a sovereign Dominion of the Commonwealth, to the Allied war effort. Declares that the former antagonism between races - Dutch, English and Bantu - has been overcome. "This film opens with a brief outline of the country, showing how it is a land of contrasts in farming, living, worshipping, trading and in transport, and tells how South Africa made her own decision to enter the war and how she backed that decision. With the help of the British Admiralty, a navy was built up to defend the coastline , and RAF experts aided in South Africa's Air Training Scheme" (The Educational Screen, February 1944, 92).
How to select the correct arbor; mount the work head; adjust the work head for clearance settings; and set up for sharpening the outside diameter, corner, and face.
Portrays the frequency of a mutant in the gene pool as reaching a state of equilibrium when, per generation, its origination by mutation equals its elimination by genetic death. Discusses genetic death and presents examples of how genetic loads are changed subsequent to radiation exposure. Pictures the great majority of mutants as harmful when homozygous, but some cases, as in sickle call anemia, heterozygotes are adaptively superior to normal homozygotes. Explains balanced polymorphism, by which a gene is retained in the population despite its lethality when homozygous because of the advantage it confers when heterozygous. Lectures given by Dr. Thomas Dobzhansky.
Discusses the role of heredity and environment in determining the sex of various organisms. Indicates that in some organisms it is the environment in which a given genotype functions that determines whether differentiation shall occur as male or as female. This is exemplified by sex determination in certain snails, mosses, and worms. Portrays a difference in genetic constitution as primarily responsible for sex determination in other organisms as for a unicellular plant (Chlamydomanas), certain grasshoppers, Drosophila, man, and the mouse. Discusses the genetic basis for sex mosaics (gynandromorphs) and indicates the influences of the "y" chromosome in determining sex in man. Lecture by Dr. C. Stern.
Portrays sex as a polygenic trait which may be considered to be determined by the balance of genes on different chromosomes. This view is substantiated by the work of R. Goldschmidt on the gypsy moth and its intersexes, and is most clearly demonstrates in Bridges' studies of different sex types in Drosophila. Discusses sex determination and the role of hormones in sex differentiation in the case of man. Depicts the human sex ratio and the cause of significant deviations in it from normality, and discusses the possibility of controlling sex by separating male and female producing sperm. Lecture by Dr. C. Stern.
Technique of drilling and tapping blind holes in cast steel on a radial drill. A drill jig with loose bushings is used for locating the holes. Setting up the work on the table of the machine, setting the jig on the piece to the layout lines. Calculating the size of the tap drill and the method used when setting the machine to drill a number of holes to the same depth. A wizard drill chuck is used in the drilling operation, and a standard friction chuck for holding the tap. The action of a tap in a hole is shown in animation and the reason why a tap binds in the hole and must be reversed frequently when tapping in tough metals.
Division of Visual Aids, U.S. Office of Education, Federal Security Agency, Ray-Bell Films, Inc.
Summary:
Shows how to assemble broaching inserts in right- and left-hand toolholders, how to mount and adjust toolholders in the double ram; how to mount and adjust the work fixtures; how to set trip dogs for the ram stroke; how to measure the workpiece after trial broaching; and how to surface-broach on a double ram vertical broaching machine at a production rate.
Shows various types of micrometers; how to use a micrometer, read the barrel and thimble scales, check the accuracy of readings, and take care of the instrument.
The third film in a five-film series, this film illustrates how pre-school children use the forms and arrangements of the words of their language to convey meaning. This is the grammar of the language. This film shows how patterns of organization differ from language to language and are based not so much on logic as on customs and conventions peculiar to each language. A class in German shows how grammatical patterns and their variations are taught by modern methods.
University Films, J. D. Watson, Irwin H. Herskowitz
Summary:
Describes RNA and DNA which are favored as the carriers of genetic information. Presents DNA molecules as shown in the electron microscope and describes the polymeric nature of the DNA molecule and DNA nucleotides. Compares the base content of DNA from various organisms. Describes in detail the three-dimensional organization of DNA as revealed through X-ray diffraction experiments. Pictures a Watson-Crick double helix model of DNA which suggests that DNA may replicate by the two complementary chains separating with each single strand then acting as a template to form its complement. Lecture given by Dr. J. D. Watson.
Describes the ways in which genes produce phenotypic differences by acting very early in embryonic development. Shows that this action may take place at a distance through chemical messengers (pituitary dwarfism in the house mouse, lethal giant larva in Drosophila), or it may involve tissue induction systems (Brachyury and taillessness in the house mouse). Discusses the development of eye color in Drosophila as a model of how each of the steps in a chain of chemical processes leading to development is under genic control. Lecture given by Dr. L. C. Dunn.
Portrays the role of developmental genetics in dealing with ways phenotypes come into being through the action of genes. Presents a complete discussion of the Creeper domestic fowl--its genetic basis, morphology, embryological history, and the experimental work that led to an understanding of how this gene affects early development to produce the morphological features seen as the outcome of the developmental process. Lecture given by Dr. L. C. Dunn.
Shows the parts of a single ram vertical machine; how to interpret the blueprint of a broaching tool; how to install broaching inserts for straddle broaching; how to mount the toolholder with its assembled broaching tool; how to mount and adjust the work fixture; and how to surface-broach at production rate.
Pictures reproductive isolation originating through interspecific hybridization, via amphyploidy (radish-cabbage, new world cottons, goatsbeard species), and by means of introgression (tobacco, rose family, maize-teosinte), and by the direct recombination of the products of crossing and the establishment of recombinations (larkspur). Specifies ways in which natural selection can aid reproductive isolation directly or indirectly. Depicts hybridization as a powerful stimulus in species formation and as a valuable experimental tool for the study of the genetic basis for species differences. Lecture given by Dr. G. L. Stebbins.
Demonstrates independent segregation by different pairs of genes using Mendel's data. Emphasizes the chromosomal activities during meiosis which are responsible for independent segregation. Describes the Punnett Square and the branching track methods of combining gametes at random. Discusses test crosses and linkage (as the exception to independent segregation), and shows that independent segregation proves the separability of the germ plasm into many gene pairs. Depicts the role of genetic recombination in speeding the process of evolution. Lecture by Dr. E. Altenburg.
Discusses the effect of various levels of inbreeding (self-fertilization, sib matings, half-sib matings, cousin marriages) upon making heterozygous genes homozygous with the consequent loss of vigor. Presents data for the increased risk of genetic defect from cousin marriage in studies of phenylketonuria, of a Japanese population and a French population. The concept and estimation of lethal equivalents are given. Shows how increases in heterozygosity increase vigor (heterosis); hybrid vigor in corn in described in detail. Lecture given by Dr. J. F. Crow.
Portrays the frequency of mutants in the population gene pool as dependent upon their rate of origination and selection coefficient. Discusses the population fate of dominant lethals (retinoblastoma), dominant detrimentals (achondroplasia), and recessive lethals (juvenile amaurotic idiocy). Describes in detail the loads of mutations carried in natural populations of Drosophila pseudo obscura and in man. Points out the fact that while most mutants are detrimental in the normal environment of the species, some may be advantageous in a different environment. Lecture given by Dr. Th. Dobzhansky.
Demonstrates through slow motion and natural photography the positions and movements of the "Hoosier Promenade." Opens with a group of eight dancers performing the introduction to the dance. Shows each pair of dancers, identified by a number, demonstrating the different parts of the dance and how each step flows smoothly into the next. Concludes with the performance of the dance to a record.
Uses animation, slow motion, and real photography to demonstrate the positions and movements of dancers and dancing couples in the "grapevine twist." Shows each part of the dance separately and then shows how each step flows smoothly into the next as the dancers perform to synchronous music.
Teaches the square dance figure "Take a Little Peek," with synchronous music and action. Presents live and animated demonstrations of the dance at regular speed and in slow motion, and explains the positions of partners, how to honor corners and partners, and how the steps are performed to facilitate the continuity of the dance. Pictures groups dancing the figure to regular square dance music in a natural situation.
