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One of 13 episodes in a series, Design With A Camera offers instructions and tips on framing subjects in photography. Joan Jockwig Pearson demonstrates subject placement using drawings and frames of varying sizes to achieve a unique, artistic effect.
Portrays the role of developmental genetics in dealing with ways phenotypes come into being through the action of genes. Presents a complete discussion of the Creeper domestic fowl--its genetic basis, morphology, embryological history, and the experimental work that led to an understanding of how this gene affects early development to produce the morphological features seen as the outcome of the developmental process. Lecture given by Dr. L. C. Dunn.
Describes the ways in which genes produce phenotypic differences by acting very early in embryonic development. Shows that this action may take place at a distance through chemical messengers (pituitary dwarfism in the house mouse, lethal giant larva in Drosophila), or it may involve tissue induction systems (Brachyury and taillessness in the house mouse). Discusses the development of eye color in Drosophila as a model of how each of the steps in a chain of chemical processes leading to development is under genic control. Lecture given by Dr. L. C. Dunn.
The first airplane to fly was what would be called today a Canard Type airplane; it had a horizontal stabilizer in front of the main wing. Today’s Conventional Type plane has the stabilizing surfaces are of the same size. Dr. Lippisch explains all three models. He also describes the Allwing Type plane which is made by combining wing and tail surfaces, sweeping thewing tips backward, and placing the control areas on the wing tips. He discusses the fundamental law of stability and demonstrates this on models in flight and in the Smoke Tunnel.
University Films, J. D. Watson, Irwin H. Herskowitz
Summary:
Describes RNA and DNA which are favored as the carriers of genetic information. Presents DNA molecules as shown in the electron microscope and describes the polymeric nature of the DNA molecule and DNA nucleotides. Compares the base content of DNA from various organisms. Describes in detail the three-dimensional organization of DNA as revealed through X-ray diffraction experiments. Pictures a Watson-Crick double helix model of DNA which suggests that DNA may replicate by the two complementary chains separating with each single strand then acting as a template to form its complement. Lecture given by Dr. J. D. Watson.
Max Lerner and five Brandeis students agree that a new educational revolution is needed. The discussion mainly focuses on the question of why it is needed and how it should come about. Among the questions dealt with are: To what end is education going? What kinds of emphasis should be placed on education (science versus the humanities)? Why have we fallen into our present educational predicament … can it be re-molded, and how? Does the fault lie in the teacher? What schools (elementary, grammar, high school, or college) could stand the greatest improvement? Is the giving of special privileges to brighter children averse to our democratic way of life?
Part 1: Discusses the occasions when it is necessary to shift to a lower gear ratio and gives directions as to how this is done. Explains the dangers of and the reasons for emergency stops. List series of things that happen before the car actually stops--driver sees object in his path, recognizes object, decides to stop, and then applies the brakes. Part 2: Explains how to make proper right turns on 2-way streets, left turns on 2-way streets, right and left turns on 1-way streets, and the three ways of turning the car around--U-turn, turning the width of the street, and turning in an alley or side street. (Cincinnati Public Schools and WCET) Kinescope.
Dr. Mayo discusses the role and purpose of the World Health Organization, the World Medical Association, and the American Medical Association. Explains his role as delegate to the United Nations in 1953. Presents his viewpoint on foreign education and medical students from other countries. Outlines the importance of medical administration as a corner stone of the medical profession. Concludes by answering questions on doctor-patient relationships. Dr. Charles W. Mayo is interviewed by Victor Cohn, Minneapolis Tribune Science Reporter, and Dr. John C. Schwartzwalder, General Manager KTCA TV.
Dr. Mayo explains the origins of the Mayo Clinic, the main purpose of early hospitals, and relates anecdotes about his youth. Discusses the growth of medicines, the rise of group specialists in medicine, and how the Mayo Clinic reflects this growth and change in methods. Dr. Charles W. Mayo is interviewed by Victor Cohn, Minneapolis Tribune Science Reporter, and Dr. John C. Schwartzwalder, General Manager KTCA TV.
Dr. Mayo explains the purpose of the Mayo Foundation, the teaching branch of the Mayo clinic. Tells of the origins of medical education at the clinic and the informal beginnings of the Foundation in 1909. Discusses the qualifications for becoming a doctor. Concludes with a discussion of the value of women in medicine. Dr. Charles W. Mayo is interviewed by Victor Cohn, Minneapolis Tribune Science Reporter, and Dr. John C. Schwartzwalder, General Manager KTCA TV.
Dr. Wriston discusses the development and changes in America's foreign service program. Points out how World War II and pressing national problems brought neglect to the foreign service area.
Dr. Wriston discusses diplomacy as practiced in a democracy. He explains the importance of public opinion as an influence in foreign policy and how communications media have aided in public understanding. Presents views on maintaining continuity of foreign policy under changing administrations. Concludes by pointing out the various problems involved in planning foreign policy. Hosted by Dr. Henry M. Wriston, former President of Brown University and Chairman of the American Assembly.
Dr. Wriston discusses his views on education for positions in management and administration. He outlines the problems of administering a university, and what makes a good administrator. Concludes by providing recommendations for improving education in the United States, and how to solve the problem of quality and quantity in education. Hosted by Dr. Henry M. Wriston, former President of Brown University and Chairman of the American Assembly. His guests are John S. Millis, President of Western Reserve University and Edward Green, Executive Assistant to the President of Westinghouse Airbrake Corporation.
Dr. Parran reviews the growth of international health programs during the past twenty-five years. He discusses the work of the League of Nations, U.S. plans for improving health in South America, relief agencies in Europe following World War II, and public health in the Soviet Union. Presents his views on cooperative assistance programs in underdeveloped countries, technical aid, and training programs.
Dr. Parran discusses the problems involved in setting up a graduate school of public health. After World War II, the AW Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust sought an opportunity to aid public health. The decision was made to form a graduate school of public health at the University of Pittsburgh, containing facilities to train students, a research center, and a free outpatient clinic for welfare cases. Dr. Parran talks of his problems in setting up the school, forming a faculty, settling problems arising from conflicting philosophies, and other facets of establishing the school.
Former US Surgeon General Dr. Thomas Parran discusses his history as a medical doctor working for the United States department of health. Included are stories on his family background, experiences at medical school, and time as a public health worker where he was involved in stopping outbreaks of smallpox, typhus, and syphilis. Dr. Parran is interviewed by Adolph Schmidt, Roger James Crabtree, and Emory Bacon.
Dr. Parran reviews the changes in Public Health Service during his years as United States Surgeon General. He discusses the breakthrough in the control of venereal disease, how the Roosevelt Administration brought a new concept to public healthand the changing ideas of the American people toward health programs. Concludes by pointing out the effect of World War II on public health service.
Tells the story of the need for and construction of the Cumberland Road in the early 1800's. Points out how it unified the East and West, promoted trade, led to the establishment of many modern cities, enhanced nationalism and gave impetus to overland travel to western frontiers.
Discusses the earth from the standpoint of an object in space. Reviews briefly the make-up of the solar system. Uses charts, models, photographs, and film clips to explain and show the earth's movements in space, physical make-up, atmosphere, and seasonal changes, and tells us how these characteristics affect the earth's inhabitants. Features James S. Pickering of the American Museum-Hayden Planetarium.
Uses laboratory experiments to illustrate how chemicals liberate energy in the form of electricity. Explains the part Italians Galvani and Volta played in discovering the principle of electricity from chemicals. Demonstrates the reaction between zinc and lead in generating heat and electricity. Shows the types of electrical cells uses today. (KQED) Film.
Max Lerner and five Brandeis students discuss: Who really owns America? What are the chances of moving from one society to another? Do the elites really run America? Is the dictatorship of the elite a conspiracy? Are there conflicts among the elites? Has American business gone soft because their leaders do not understand the urgency of the situation today? Is there a military elite? Does the intellectual elite have control in America? Have the intellectuals failed to make clear to the public that they are in danger of their own destruction? Is democracy lost in the social anarchy that there is today?
Explains why energy is necessary, where it is obtained and why more energy is needed. Defines and gives examples of kinetic and potential energy. Uses charts and diagrams to show how energy is used and how much is available. Points out the importance of nuclear energy for the future. (WQED) Film.
Continues the discussion of episodic form from the preceding program, "Episodic Form: Part 1". Illustrates the use of episodic form in the funeral march and other independent pieces unrelated to minuets marches, and such clear-cut types. Presents examples from Chopin and Debussy to point out (1) the greater continuity achieved by connecting up the three main segments of episodic form (by links, cadence-avoidance, etc.) ; and (2) the new effects possibly by rewriting the third segment and sometimes modifying it.
Discusses episodic form and its use. of the principle of contrast. Illustrates the structural scheme of episodic form in which an opening binary or ternary segment is followed by a contrasting binary or ternary section, after which the first segment is repeated. Explains how the middle part exhibits the qualities of a foil or episode, having a new theme, a new character or "mood", and generally a new key or tonality.
Dr. Harbaugh describes the work of water, the most important agent at work in forming the finer features of the face of the Earth. He describes the hydrologic cycle: the round trip that water takes in evaporating from the ocean, precipitating on the land, and flowing back to the ocean. His guest is Ray K. Lindsey, associate professor of hydraulic engineering at Stanford University. Formerly a member of the faculty of the U.S. Department Graduate School and the University of California, he was a participant in the UNESCO Symposium on Hydrology in Ankara, Turkey (1952) and UN consultant to the Yugoslavian Hydro-matero-logical service. They discuss the mechanics of water: the way it can suspend materials and carry them along.
Miss Pearson shows how paint is a medium: water color, poster paint, and oil. She illustrates how it works, how it mixes, textures and application. Examples of works of art in these paint media are shown.
Mr. Ormandy discusses, with his guests, the relationship of the musician to the audience, the influence of the conductor in determining the orchestral personality, and problems of choral conducting. He concludes with an explanation of the relationship of the soloist and the conductor.
Mr. Ormandy discusses, with his guests, the duties and responsibilities of the music director. Explains the problems of programming, personnel changes in the orchestra, keeping standards, placement of instruments, and the importance of the conductor. he also expresses his views concerning the relationships between the conductor and orchestra, and the duties of the music critic in America today.
Mr. Ormandy discusses working out musical interpretation and technical aspects, the evolution of conducting and its relationship to the development of the modern symphony orchestra, domination of the orchestra by the conductor, modern music, twelve-tone music, and the role of the music critic.
Mr. Ormandy discusses a serious musician’s views of rock and roll music, how to interest young people in good music, opera in English, how high orchestral performance standards are maintained, and whether electronic instruments are the basis of a new music.
Discusses methods used by composers to create variety in their musical sentence structure, or extend originally "regular'' phrases to longer proportions. Illustrates the following methods of extension: (1) cadence extension; (2) repetition, exact or sequential, in the body of the phrase; and (3) augmentation, or lengthening of note-values.
Fences tell a story about the way of life of the people who built them, the use to which the land was put and something of the personality of the builder. Bash Kennett tells of early fences and takes a tour through the countryside, showing how one can imagine the story of each farm or house from the fence which surrounds it. She tells the story of the early fence-viewer, whose chain measure was the basis of the measurement of today’s mile and city block. Songs include “The Bird Song” and “The Sow Who Got the Measles.”
Bash Kennett tells about the art of craving the figureheads which graced the prow of sailing vessels in the past. She shows figureheads of all types and sings “Pretty Kitty” and “Wanderin.”
Joan Jockwig Pearson presents the elements of good design and its application to everyday living in buildings, clothing, furniture, and automobiles as well as in actual objects d’art.
Discusses the various instruments and methods used in gaining knowledge of stellar composition and in studying objects in space. Reviews the development of the telescope. Uses diagrams, photographs, and models to explain the importance of photography, the spectroscope, and radio-astronomy in unlocking the secrets of the universe. Features James S. Pickering of the American Museum, Hayden Planetarium.
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) hold a contest where children (puppets) have to guess the parts actors (also puppets) are playing based on their costumes. The children also have to guess what type of theater is being referenced in a number of tableaux.
Man seems to have surpassed nature as he can fly faster and higher than the natural flying creatures. But further study of the flying habits of birds and insects is still necessary. Dr. Lippisch presents a discussion on the wing motion of birds and insects and how the texture and shape of the wings differ with the various birds and insects. Not only airborne animals apply the laws of fluid motion; the program also presents the propulsive systems of fish and shows the action of the fishtail-propeller in the Smoke Tunnel.
Discusses high-altitude flying with particular attention to rocket craft. Relates this discussion to flight in space. Features Mr. William B. Bridgeman, test pilot, who presents an account of his own experiences with the pioneer Douglas "Skyrocket." (KUHT) Film.
Host Bash Kennett tells the story behind many of the sayings we use today. Explains the events and circumstances leading to use of such phrases as: to pull up stakes; in the knick of time; lock, stock and barrel; and to fly off the handle. Includes performances of the traditionals "When Cockleshells Turn Silver Bells", "Lord Lord Lord", "Big Rock Candy Mountain".
The changes of season are described in terms of what the animals of the forest do during these times. Bash tells how each of the animals live during the four seasons. She sings “Saturday Night,” “Mr. Rabbit” and the “The Fox.”
Dr. John W. Dodds explores the concept of freedom as treated in literature. Includes readings from the works of Milton, Benet, Becker, Wordsworth, Perry, Browning, Whitman, Lowell, and Tennyson. (KQED) Kinescope.
Why do the report cards of many children show such a wide range of achievement? Dr. Maria Pier’s points out that it is normal for a child’s report card to vary in quality. She discusses whether or not the bright child should be allowed to skip grades (years) and what marks really measure.
Tells the story of Oberlin College in Ohio which first offered opportunities for higher education on a co-educational bases. Describes the significance of this institution to education for women and African Americans.
Explores astronomy's present conception of the universe. Reviews the physical make-up of the Milky Way Galaxy and its rotation and motion through space, explains how galaxies are classified, and discusses two conceptions of the evolution of galaxies. Concludes with speculation concerning the possibilities of other planet systems supporting life similar to our own. Features James S. Pickering of the American Museum, Hayden Planetarium.
Bash describes the difference in the way people shopped in the early days, telling how traveling “Yankee Peddlers” brought things in their wagons from farm to farm, then how the old fashioned general store sprang up. Authentic objects from the past are displayed, form high button shoes, to early spectacles. All the flavor of the general store, with its cracker barrels, Franklin stove, and crowded counters comes alive on the set, and gives a picture of the life of the early communities. Songs include “Paper of Pins,” “The Keeper,” and “Jennie Jenkins.”
Reviews the contributions of Mendel, the Hertwigs, and Miescher to our understanding of modern genetics. Discusses chromosome chemistry in terms of the cytological distribution of nucleic acids, the chemical composition of chromosomes in groups of isolated nuclei and in single nuclei the chemical content of salivary chromosomes and their bands. Compares cell activity with the DNA and RNA content of various giant chromosomes in insect larvae which leads to the conclusion that gene action can occur by the disproportionate increase in the amount of DNA or RNA. Lecture given by Dr. J. Schultz.
Portrays the frequency of mutants in the population gene pool as dependent upon their rate of origination and selection coefficient. Discusses the population fate of dominant lethals (retinoblastoma), dominant detrimentals (achondroplasia), and recessive lethals (juvenile amaurotic idiocy). Describes in detail the loads of mutations carried in natural populations of Drosophila pseudo obscura and in man. Points out the fact that while most mutants are detrimental in the normal environment of the species, some may be advantageous in a different environment. Lecture given by Dr. Th. Dobzhansky.
Explains the nature and importance of population genetics. Derives the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle for Mendelian (cross-breeding) populations. Points out that though the Hardy-Weinberg law produces a static gene pool when it applies, mutation, selection, random genetic drift, and migration upset this equilibrium and cause gene frequencies to shift-these factors being, therefore, the principal causes of evolution.
Descusses the economic concepts related to land, climate, and major resources in the countries of Colombia, Venzuela, and the three Guianas. Includes scenes of the people and of their ways of life, shows the many modern developments which industrialization has brought, and describes the type of government of each country. Collaborator, Donald D. Brand.
Dr. Howard returns as Dr. Harbaugh's guest. With a model of a valley and synthetic ice, they simulate two types of glaciers in order to show the geologic work done by flowing ice. They point out areas on the Earth's surface where glaciers are at work today and show evidence of glacial work in the geologic past that has profoundly altered the whole geography of the North American continent as well as many other areas in the world.
Drs. Gould and Zumberge discuss the extent,volume, structure and general dynamics of the Antarctic ice cap. Dr. Zumberge explains the techniques of the glaciologist and illustrates with film taken at Camp Michigan the kinds of glaciological studies he and his colleagues were pursuing over there. They conclude the program with a discussion of what is now known about Antarctic glaciology and what remains to be studied.
In this program, criminologist Joseph D. Lohman states that parole is to many people only “a legal escape route” from the prison to the free community and he indicates that a parole system should be much more than this. The release of one inmate and an interview with a former prisoner illustrate the problems experienced on release. Meeker and Lohman explore current statistics and compare the number of prisoners who “go straight” with those who return to a life of crime. They indicate aspects of a parole system that will aid in the former prisoner’s adjustment to conventional society.
Should babysitters be young or old –teenagers or grandparents? Can grandparents be good babysitters? What do children need from a babysitter? Why do grandparents “spoil” their grandchildren? Mrs. Maria Piers discusses the modern family and some difficulties when “outsiders” come to help.
Reviews Greek history by showing pieces of sculpture from each historical period from 300 B.C. to A.D. 300 and the related architecture. Sculpture proceeded from small animals buried in tombs to large animals and then to undraped youth. Shows the various tools used by the early Greeks in sculpture. Concludes with a non-narrative viewing of various works of sculpture.
Shows the location and physical features of Greenland; explains its new position in the modern world as the center of the short polar air routes. Portrays the life of the Greenlanders, explains their origin, and describes their change in half a century from nomadic hunters to fishermen living in small permanent communities where life is patterned after the ways of Denmark.
Mr. Lerner and five Brandeis students discuss the following: what is it like to grow up in America; what kind of personality are we shaping; what is happening to the family; what is happening to the parent-child relationship; have the parents forgotten what it is like to be children; are children now being trained for competition rather than for happiness; do parents see children as a second chance; to what degree should there be permissiveness and restrictiveness; and is consistency the answer?
This is the tale of a Japanese lord who, seeking to know the true feeling of his people, travels incognito among his population. He is caught in a snow store and taken in by a poor couple. So poor was the couple that there was no firewood in the house. To warm their guest, they burned their only treasured possessions, three potted plants. For their generosity, the lord rewarded them with wealth and rand. Artist Mikamo illustrates this story with drawing of potted plum and pine trees.
Bash Kennett tells of the Spanish soldiers who came here on duty during the Spanish rule over California and decided to stay on, living on large ranchers in adobe haciendas. Bash takes a film trip to some remaining haciendas and compares modern living in California with the past. Songs include “La Cucaracha” and “Chisholm Trail.”
This tale involces the feathered robe of an angel and a fishermam who found it on a pine tree branch and was reluctant to give it up. The fisherman agrees to return the robe if the angel will perform a celestial dance for him, whereupon the angel dons the robe to dance and ascends to heaven. The pine tree on which the robe was hung is said to be standing now at Miho-no-matsubara in Shizuoka, Japan. Mr. Mikami illustrates this legend with a drawing of a fisherman.
Lee Wilcox and Dr. Maria Piers discuss handicapped children and the emotional challenges they face. They also discuss the important role of parents in the lives of handicapped children.
Representatives of Japan, Iceland, United Kingdom and Denmark ask themselves, “Have Your Ideas Changed?” What has been learned, accepted, discarded by the panelists in the past three months? What value can be assigned to the Youth Forum project? How important was the strictly academic experience in their stay here? How can American and foreign schools be compared? What are some weaknesses of American schools? What effect does foreign language training have on students in various countries? What effect does the traveler abroad have on the people of the country he visits? What is the effect of an army of occupation, such as existed for a while in Japan? How can people learn more about each other?
Visits the monkeys at the Brookfield Zoo. Explains that the monkeys have many differences, especially in heads and tails. Uses filmed sequences of the DeBrazzas, langurs, patas, lemurs. Shows primitive near-monkeys like the marmosets and ukaris, ring-tailed, wolly, and spider monkeys. Includes a slow-motion sequences of a spider monkey family taking its daily exercise. (WTTW) Kinescope.
Encyclopaedia Britannica Films, Donald A. Dukelow, Larry Yust
Summary:
Deals with the actions of community health organizations in their efforts to fight disease. Shows the functions of the department of health in preventing and controlling the spread of contagious diseases as the film follows the developments in a successful attempt to stop a typhoid epidemic in its early stages. Relates the jobs of the school nurse, doctor, laboratory technician, visiting nurse, and food inspector in protecting the community health. Encourages children to observe personal health rules and to keep their homes and towns clean.
Illustrates modern dance as exemplified by Negro spirituals. Miss Tamiris creates her dances to the familiar spirituals Swing Low, Sweet Chariot, Go Down Moses, and Get on Board Lil' Children.
Explores the strange world of sound beneath the sea. Discusses non-animal sounds and those produced by marine animals. Illustrates how fish and other marine organisms make sounds through air sacs, teeth, external body parts, and air flaps. Explains how underwater sounds serve as attraction devices, reaction devices to environmental conditions, and signals, and as incidental noise which serves no purpose. Uses underwater phototgraphy and recordings to demonstrate purposes of various sounds made by the snapping shrimp, grunt fish, grouper, queen trigger fish, porcupine fish, spiney lobsters, jacks, propoises, and the unidentified "echo fish".
Some animals adopt protective coloration for winter. By means of the peep-show parade, Dora tells the story of an elderly rabbit in the impoverished nobility who forgot that nature would take care of her "wardrobe."
Dr. Maria Piers talks about teenagers facing the “wide wide world.” Choosing a career, whether to go to college or not –these are difficult questions which trouble teenagers. Dr. Piers suggests some things parents can do to help their youngsters and points out what some teenagers’ questions are.
Reviews the pre-game and half-time performances of the Indiana University Marching Hundred and Marching Hoosierettes during the 1958 football season. Includes the program of the 1958 High School Band Day. Performances from the Miami (Ohio) University game, High School Band Day, Michigan State game.
Discusses the historical development of nuclear fission. Stresses the contributions of Chadwick, Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Otto Frisch, Niels Bohr, and Albert Einstein. Retells the story of the initiation of the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reactor at Chicago, Illinois. (WQED) Film.
Visits the Brookfield Zoo to show how climate, geographical catastrophes, and an animal's adaptation to its environment makes it impossible to live elsewhere. Tells the story with filmed sequences of lorises, hornbills, and related monkey families. Shows how birds are limited in flight by rivers, mountains, and oceans. Explains how some animals, by their adaptability and locomotion, can escape their environment and become widespread. (WTTW) Kinescope.
Four students from the Middle East -Turkey, Israel, United Arab Republic, and Iran -discuss politics and policies in their home area in the following terms: What is the economic position of each country? Is there a Middle East “power vacuum”? Should smaller nations be forced to choose between the United States and Soviet Russia? What can these nations do to help themselves and each other? If aid, economic or military, is necessary, how should it be administered or distributed? Would an organization like the European Common Market work in the Middle East? Is the Middle East ready for the kind of unification Europe is thinking about?
Host Lee Wilcox speaks with Dr. Maria Piers about how responsibility grows in children, and if independence is a "curse" or a "blessing." Features a "Peanuts" cartoon by Charles Schultz.
Dr. Hayakawa develops the idea that what we know of the objective world is a product of our nervous system and, hence, an abstraction from sensory data. Alfred Korzynski’s “structural differential” diagram is used to trace the successive levels of abstraction from the event and the object through the first or descriptive verbal level to high level verbal abstractions such as “organism,” “matter,” etc. We become unintelligible when our verbal abstractions cannot be traced back to lower levels of abstraction. One of the great risks in high level abstraction consists in proceeding from the known to the unknown and in making unwarranted inferences and judgments. Examples from a modern philosophic work and from a racing form are used to illustrate abstractions that can and cannot be traced back to actual events.
Discusses the effect of various levels of inbreeding (self-fertilization, sib matings, half-sib matings, cousin marriages) upon making heterozygous genes homozygous with the consequent loss of vigor. Presents data for the increased risk of genetic defect from cousin marriage in studies of phenylketonuria, of a Japanese population and a French population. The concept and estimation of lethal equivalents are given. Shows how increases in heterozygosity increase vigor (heterosis); hybrid vigor in corn in described in detail. Lecture given by Dr. J. F. Crow.
Demonstrates independent segregation by different pairs of genes using Mendel's data. Emphasizes the chromosomal activities during meiosis which are responsible for independent segregation. Describes the Punnett Square and the branching track methods of combining gametes at random. Discusses test crosses and linkage (as the exception to independent segregation), and shows that independent segregation proves the separability of the germ plasm into many gene pairs. Depicts the role of genetic recombination in speeding the process of evolution. Lecture by Dr. E. Altenburg.
Tells the story and historical significance of the battle of Fort Recovery in the settlement of Ohio. Explains how the grievances of settlers and Indians led to war and ultimate defeat for Native Americans. Points out the role of the British in bringing about Native American resistance. Discusses briefly the Treaty of Greenville.
Rudolph F. Bannow, national vice president and director of the National Association of Manufacturers is interviewed by Dr. EW Ziebarth, news analyst with WCCO, Minneapolis, Minnesota. At the beginning of the program, Mr. Bannow points out that his own background is that of a mechanic, and much of his approach to labor-management relationships stems from his first-hand knowledge of labor’s problems. He recounts how his company, Bridgeport Machines, Inc., had humble beginnings and has grown to a multi-million dollar enterprise. He stresses, however, that 83% of the members of the National Association of Manufacturers are persons representing small businesses. Mr. Bannow says that work must involve compensations other than money. Some work is interesting, some almost totally frustrating. He states that many of the very monotonous jobs today can be made bearable by the thought in many cases, that monotony is the price we pay for our high standard of living. Mr. Bannow expresses strong feelings about the fact that management and labor do not communicate effectively with one another, and that they must learn how to communicate more effectively if our system is to prosper. He cites efforts in his own company to keep labor well informed concerning the point of view of management. He freely admits that the fault very often falls on the side of management, but that the NAM continually conducts seminars on employee relations in an effort to improve the situation. Foreign competition is a great concern of the NAM. The watch industry has almost completely gone abroad within the past several years. He cites the cost of a milling machine in the United States which was priced to $22,000. The same machine can be purchased from England for $15,000. This is caused not only by the fact that European wages are lower, but there are certain psychological factors which contribute to the difference. Mr. Bannow says the tax system forces the people who are capable of producing new jobs to bear the heaviest tax burden. He looks upon this as a kind of punishment for success. The NAM has a tax program which calls for gradual adjustment of taxes downward for all brackets. Inflation greatly disturbs Mr. Bannow. He states that on a 1940 base, we now have a forty-eight cent dollar, and he wonders at what point chaos will set in. In conclusion, he repeats that communication between labor and management is the most important item to be improved
Pictures reproductive isolation originating through interspecific hybridization, via amphyploidy (radish-cabbage, new world cottons, goatsbeard species), and by means of introgression (tobacco, rose family, maize-teosinte), and by the direct recombination of the products of crossing and the establishment of recombinations (larkspur). Specifies ways in which natural selection can aid reproductive isolation directly or indirectly. Depicts hybridization as a powerful stimulus in species formation and as a valuable experimental tool for the study of the genetic basis for species differences. Lecture given by Dr. G. L. Stebbins.
Provides an introduction to the series 'Design Workshop.' Explains how the elements of are and good design are related to everyday living. Shows some of the techniques to be taught in the remaining programs.
To introduce four students - Adolfo Jose Crosa of Argentina, Rafia Ayub of Pakistan, Kaarina Honkapohja of Finland and Nii Tetteh-Churu Quao of Ghana- to the United States, and the United States to the Forum as these students represent it, the group and Mrs. Helen Hiatt Waller discuss the following questions: What ideas did they have about America before they came? Where did they get these ideas? How useful or accurate were the sources? Have they changed their opinions since they have arrived? What idea does the rest of the world have about the character and beliefs of Americans? What difference does a form of government make to the people who live under it? What are the relative advantages and disadvantages to democracies and dictatorships? Personal experience in each of these fields, as well as general ideas shared by all, combine to provide the Herald Tribune Youth Forum series with a lively opening.
Deals with the approximation that light travels in straight lines and shows four ways in which light can be sent--diffraction, scattering, refraction, and reflection. Diffraction is shown using point light sources, a wide screen, and a variable slit. Scattering is observed in a smoke-filled box. Refraction and reflection are shown using an optical tank and also an under-water camera to observe the appearance of several swimmers sitting alongside the pool; effects illustrated include image displacement, the critical angle, and total internal reflection. Concludes with the problem of why the images produced by three pinholes merge into one when intercepted by a lens. Demonstrations by Elbert R. Little, PSSC.
Discusses basic techniques of sculpture in clay. Shows the tools needed and explains their use. Demonstrates two techniques of sculpting: building up and cutting away.
Senator Hubert Humphrey presents his views on the possibility of co-esistence between the Soviet Bloc and the West. He explains the nature and function of the United States Foreign Policy and the problems and possible answers in bringing about a mutually satisfactory relationship with the Soviet Union.
In this program, the activities of prison personnel are shown via film clips and criminologist Joseph D. Lohman describes the skills necessary for the intelligent operation of a penal institution. A guard who has served through several political changes in administration tells of problems created by the lack of tenure needed to build a professional force. Lohman and Alexander discuss the need for professional jail administrators and staffs and the related need for a wide variety of professional services to bring prisons up to the standards set by modern penological knowledge.
Maria Piers discusses children's bedtimes and what to do when they refuse to go to bed. Talks about what parents can do to make bedtime easier for kids and adults.
If a worm loses part of its body in time that part will be replaced. Using make-do puppets, Dora tells the story of on worm's adventures. Viewers learn how to make a puppet worm from paper.
Defines the nature and scope of the series, Keyboard Conversations. Discusses the question of the necessity for studying the structure of music. Illustrates the sensuous, emotional, and intellectual appeals of great music. Suggests that an insight into the composer's methods of building his composition will illuminate the great and lasting ones, and add to the enjoyment of them. (WMSB-TV) Kinescope.
This is an old Japanese fairy tale which points up the consequences of greed. Artist Mikami illustrates this tale with a brush painting of the old man with the wen (tumor).
Discusses variations in enforcement and court procedure, the driver's relations with police and court, and the importance of voluntary observance of traffic laws. Illustrates and explains various turning movements, the right of way, and what to do with respect to emergency vehicles. (Cincinnati Public School and WCET) Kinescope.
Host Lee Wilcox speaks with Dr. Maria Piers about how adults and children can prepare responsibly for children leaving home for camp for the first time, as well as issues about children away from home in general. Features a "Peanuts" cartoon by Charles Schultz.
Max Lerner and five Brandeis students discuss: what is the most important life goal; what is the criteria by which we measure Americans; is it the values that are held or is it the definitions given to those values that cause the trouble in America today; do people lose their identity in their striving for their life goal; do we ignore the word “freedom” in our search for life goals; are we afraid of freedom; is it possible to have solitude in our civilization; if our goals are unhealthy, with what do we replace them; should there be no forces that pressure personality in our society; what do the words “power,” “success,” “prestige” and “security” really mean; and who should be the one to judge the validity of one’s life goal.
Encyclopaedia Britannica Films, inc., R. O. Freeland, John Nash Ott, Jr.
Summary:
Shows the steps in the life-cycle of the pea plant. Uses animation and time-lapse photography to explain the roles of roots, stem, leaves, flower, fruit, and seed.
Discusses the question of life on other planets. Reviews what is known and speculated about the biological environments on other worlds--especially Mars--and the possibility of finding or establishing life on them. Features Dr. Albert G. Wilson, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica California. (KUHT) Film.
Explores, through underwater photography, the three regions of a coral reef. Explains the relationship of the many forms of life to each other and their environment. Points out the factors, which affect the structure, growth, and survival of coral. Show numerous types of coral including the rose, fan, chenile, star, lettuce, brain, hat, and others. Concludes with sequences of the many kinds of fish which inhabit the coral reef.
Explains the principles of lift. Uses the smoke tunnel to demonstrate the methods developed to produce wings with high lift capacity. Discusses stalling and how it is prevented. (State University of Iowa) Kinescope.
This program deals with protective devices for flyers in space. As background, Col. Sweeney demonstrates the Air Force partial pressure suit, designed for emergency escape from a damaged craft, and discusses the effects of “explosive decompression,” the sudden loss of cabin air pressure when a projectile or a meteor punctures the wall of the ship. Mr. Ehricke then presents one of his designs for a three-stage rocket vehicle, in which the final stage is a satellite glider capable of returning to the earth with its passengers. He discusses particularly the special features of the five-man cabin unit, a sealed compartment carrying its own atmosphere and incorporating the essential principles of the Sealed Space Cabin developed by the School of Aviation Medicine.
Dr. Gould describes the magnitude of the logistics problem facing scientists planning the scientific efforts during the IGY. With the use of film he describes the entire operation from the assembling of stores in the US to the problems facing the Task Force when the Continent was sighted. He describes in detail the film depicting the construction of bases by US Seabees, the building of the only landing strip in Antarctica at McMurdo Sound and praises the work of the Services which provided supplies, transportation, housing and general support personnel for IGY scientists working at each of America’s bases.
Encyclopaedia Britannica Films, Larry Yust, Archer Goodwin, William Kay, Harrison Brown, Charles R. McKinney, Leon T. Silver
Summary:
Portrays various methods of measuring long time intervals including the ordinary clock, the movement of the earth about the sun, growth rings of trees, deposition of layers of sedimentary rocks and radioactive decay of uranium with special emphasis on the latter. Indicates the difference between "clocks" which record the number of time intervals measured and those which merely measure time intervals. Shows in some detail how the radioactive "clock" is used to determine the age of rocks on the earth, the age of the earth itself, and the age of the elements from which the earth was formed. Stresses the lack of knowledge concerning the exact nature of time.