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Discusses the binary form of musical composition. Illustrates that the under-lying principle of this form is thesis and antithess. Distinguishes between the balance of phrases in a two-phrase sentence and the balance of parts (sections, paragraphs) in two-part form. Explains the modulatory scheme of the more developed types of binary form, and the means of integrating the whole composition.
Acknowledge as one of the greatest observational astronomers who ever lived, Tycho (TY-ko) Brahe (BRAH-ee) managed to make enormous strides without the help of telescopes. During his lifetime he discovered that comets are the product of interplanetary space rather than of the earth, as had long been believed. His inventions included a number of highly accurate instruments, and among his publications was a most valuable table of refractions. Toward the end of his life, he was joined by Johannes Kepler, who functioned as Brahe’s assistant and, after the great astronomer’s death, continued the work his friend had begun.
What is the role of unconscious understanding, in dreams, in poetry, and in wit and humor? It plays a major part in all of these. In wit, satire, and puns, the unconscious understanding contributes largely to the meaning. Humor often loses all effect if it must be explained, but rather depends upon immediate, unconscious awareness of the point. Prof. Boring gives many amusing examples from literature.
After putting the outline of his main figure on the canvas, Painter Reinhardt does something which non-artists might consider astonishing: he begins to cover the figure with the “underpainting.” But as he talks and explains what he is doing, another technique of the artist becomes clear. With this part of the job done, the audience is left to await the next step in the making of a painting.
Dr. Gould notes that today man’s eyes and mind must be lifted to encompass outer space. Dr. Roberts discusses the earth and the Sun and explains why the year 1957-58 was selected IGY Year. Films of explosions on the Sun are shown and the Aurora is explained. A discussion of the Ionosphere ensues. Drs. Gould and Roberts indicate the scope and importance of the Upper Atmosphere studies of the IGY and the vital role of the Antarctic studies in the total IGY program.
Discusses musical form known as theme and variations in which attention is directed exclusively to the process of varying a simple theme. Illustrates with an example from a Mozart sonata. Points out the various kinds of· elaboration of the theme: (1) melodic embellishment; (2) change of tonality; (3) change of tempo; (4) change of basic meter; and (5) a coda at the end.
Discusses the type of variation form known as passacaglia in ·which the theme is a short pattern in the bass. Repeating this theme over and over again, more or less exactly, provides a ground for the variations above it. Illustrates with Purcell's Lament of Dido and Bach's Passacaglia in C Minor, both played in full.
Dr. Sumner explains how land surface is considered the most precious of all natural resources since it and climate together produce soil and determine the nature of vegetation. As an example of uncultivated plants which are a rich natural resource, Dr. Sumner cites our nation’s timber supplies. He points out that recent progress in reforestation has not equalized our consumption and growth of timber.
Records highlights of the emergence of democratic government in Venezuela. Shows that the Venezuelan election of December 2 1963, allowed for the first transfer of office from one democratic administration to another in that nation's history. The film documents numerous national problems and aspects of the political campaign. Factors included for examination are the importance of the military, the terrorists' campaign to prevent the election, and the problems of illiteracy and poverty. Refers to the large political setting of Venezuela within Latin American history. Shows the failure of the Cuban-backed terror campaign to keep the people from voting. Includes interviews with Past-President Betancourt and President-Elect Leoni.
Presents a background of Verdi's life and discusses his early operatic productions, including Rigoletto. Discusses the characteristics of the Italian opera, describes Verdi's love for and his contribution to his country, and tells of his awakening interest in Shakespeare which later influenced some of his compositions.
Here was a man whose music was often misinterpreted, says Dr. Popper as he discusses the life and works of operatic composer Verdi. He tells how Verdi was influenced by Shakespeare and talks of his master work, “Rigoletto.” The program also features demonstrations of Verdi’s music.
What it means to live in a contemporary Japanese village is shown through film shot especially for this series in Nijike, 430 miles from Tokyo. A housewife appears in the film sequences, but the voice heard in the narration is that of Miss Kimie Tojo, daughter of the late Premier Tojo. Professor Ward, host for the program, points out that the village has often been considered the backbone of traditional Japan. His guest, Richard K. Beardsley, Professor of Anthropology at the University of Michigan, concurs. It is the land, (Professor Beardsley says), the importance of working the land, of keeping it going, of keeping it in the family, that strongly enforces traditional ways in Japanese villages. These traditional ways stress cooperation on a family and on a community level, and the subordination of each person to the collective good. Holding and working the land is a way of life, not a business. Yet the modern world has made its impression on village life. A century ago the village had little connection with the outside world. Now, as a result of central government supervision, police and military conscription, economic changes brought about when the villagers began to raise crops for outside sale, a national system of schools, and the introduction of electricity and radios, this insular picture has altered. But because of the basic social conditions and the primary concern for working the land, changes occur slowly. In their own villages, younger men are gaining control because they understand machinery and marketing best. A real social transformation is taking place, but quietly, without violence, without setting life off balance. The families scrape a living from two acres of land and stay, for the most part, buried within the household and the community. They find satisfaction from living collectively. Their way of life has for generations fitted their nature and their circumstances; yet it seems flexible enough to make room for the new.
Presents an analysis of bacteriophages and how they may change. Explains why bacterial viruses are useful to scientists studying different life forms. Uses diagrams and animation to show how bacteria reproduce within a cell and how mutations of these viruses can be identified. Describes the "copy errors" responsible for mutation, and the ways in which cross-breeding among viruses takes place.
Delta Films, E. H. C. Hildebrandt, Robert Pruitt, Evelyn P. Anderson, Seymour Zolotareff
Summary:
Uses examples of everyday objects to develop the basic formula V=Bh for computing the volumes of cubes, prisms, and cylinders. Builds each concept, formula, or definition through use of live action, animation, and application to a situation.
Falcon Films, E. H. C. Hildebrandt, Robert Pruitt, David Wisner, Evelyn P. Anderson, Seymour Zolotareff, Delta Films
Summary:
Uses a combination of animation and live-action photography to logically develop the formulas for determining the volume of pyramids, cones, and spheres. After reviewing the formulas for the volumes of prisms and cylinders, the volume of a pyramid with a rectangular base is determined. This is then related to pyramids with non-rectangular bases and cones, the volume of the latter being compared to a cylinder. Defines a sphere and portrays a method of determining its volume. Concludes with commercial and industrial applications of these formulas.
Tells the story of George Rogers Clark and his defeat of the British at Vincennes in 1778. Uses cartoons, maps, and photographs to illustrate conditions, fort locations, and how the British were conquered.
Dr. Popper bares the life and works of another great composer, Wagner, as he continues on his journey through opera for the layman. Several vocal illustrations are included, and Dr. Popper again spends much of his time at the piano.
Discusses the later works of Wagner and the conditions under which various of his operas were written. Describes the process of writing the Ring, ending with four complete works--Das Rheingold, Die Walkure, Siegfried, and Die Gotterdammerung. Demonstrates with piano and voice, portions of Wagner's two shorter works, Tristan and Isolde, and Die Meistersinger.
Curator Wilkinson returns on this program to present the story of the Nomad Scythians who ranged the Russian plains during the Sixth Century BC. Exhibits include examples of Scythian metal work, which was extremely avant-garde for that day. Discussion emphasizes the inventiveness, imaginativeness, and other cultural characteristics of these ancestors of the Russians.
Wind, heat, cold, and rain combine to weather the rocks and break them down. But the face of our earth is molded and the decayed rock carried away from one place and deposited in another mainly by water. The deposits laid down by water, wind, or ice produce after long periods of time and under pressure, rocks which are classed as sedimentary. You will see and learn how to distinguish some of the common sedimentary rocks; limestone, sandstone, shale, and conglomerate. Each of these sedimentary rocks is formed in a different way; limestone by chemical precipitations, sandstone by grains of sand cemented together, shale from beds of mud or clay pressed and cemented into thin layers, and conglomerate is made of gravel or pebbles of assorted sizes cemented together. You will be introduced to one of the most interesting features of sedimentary rocks -their fossils. These records of living things are guides to the history of life on the earth.
In this program, Mr. Fitzpatrick discusses water color, which, because of its spontaneous, lucid quality, is intriguing both to the artist and the layman alike. Watercolor paintings by well-known painters, such as John Marin and Winslow Homer, are discussed as to subject, technique, composition, and total effect. The tools and materials of the craft are explained, and a variety of methods in their use are demonstrated, with emphasis on the creative approach. Experimental, contemporary examples of watercolor painting will be viewed and explained in relation to the processes previously demonstrated.
This program deals with water pressure. Uncle Wonder shows the various experiments that water has weight and that water exerts pressure in all directions. He shows why there is more water pressure at the bottom of the lake or can of water than anywhere else. He also explains that dams are thicker at the bottom than at the top because they must hold back more pressure at the bottom.
Pictures a train trip to the Cero de Pasco mining district deep in the Peruvian Andes. Shows that copper and lead constitute the "wealth of the Andes". Discusses the construction problems that made the now-famous Central Railway of Peru one of the greatest engineering feats of all time. Includes a brief tour of Lima.
Discusses folklore connected with crime, pointing out that a slight correlation may exist between criminality and the weather, phase of the moon, fire, darkness, and light. Uses vignettes to show how bad weather and dimly lit areas serve as secondhand causes of crime. Features Dr. Douglas M. Kelly.
When man faced the elements of nature, it was through his ingenuity and the use of his hands that he was able to weave clothing for protection. This took varying forms, from the weaving of blankets to the creation of articles of clothing. Man employed different materials for this item, depending on the environment. This program looks at the basic principles of weaving, which are the same whether the end product is a simple or complex article. Angiola Churchill and Shari Lewis explore this area of man’s creativity.
Many people fear all spiders to such an extent that they have never explored this interesting world of living things. Only a few spiders are harmful to human beings, and the other thousands of kinds are often shunned because of these. Here is a new insight into the spider, a creature with eight eyes, glands to produce several kinds of silk, and instinctual knowledge to build snares so complicated and beautiful that man has to admire their design and efficiency. On beautiful film, taken by Charles Walcott, you’ll see Charlotte, (Aranea cavatics, the barn spider that EB White wrote about in Charlotte’s Web) spin her web and catch prey. Other film sequences will show how a funnel-web spider uses her sheet web, and how a crab spider, camouflaged like a flower, needs no web at all but awaits his victim on a plant.
In this program Uncle Wonder uses a gram scale and weighs the air in a basketball. He also shows that air has weight by balancing two balloons, one at each end of a stick, and breaking one of them, the other naturally falls to the table.
Explains that Wellmet House attempts to rehabilitate the mentally ill not by gaining conforming behavior but by helping them relate to other people in natural and unstructured ways. Points out that half of the residents are mentally ill and the other half are college students from nearby universities who staff Wellmet House. Emphasizes the need for each patient to find individual expression. Shows patients and staff at dinner, parties, the local pub, and a house meeting.
The Lewis and Clark exploration of the unknown territory acquired by the Louisiana Purchase not only revealed the rich resources of the lands adjourning the Missouri River, but also helped to establish American title to the Pacific Northwest.
Discusses current theories on the origin of the Semitic alphabet. Illustrates the acrophonic principle of alphabetization by the development of several letters from the Semitic through the Greek and finally to their Latin forms. Explains the emergence of the Greek letters into Eastern and Western systems. Features Dr. Frank Baxter.
Host Bash Kennett tells the story of whales and whaling, describes the harpooning of this mammal, and explains the uses of whale oil. Songs performed include "The Whale" by Burl Ives, and"The Greenland Fishery" (Roud 347).
The problem of co-existence between rival nations is pin-pointed as a student from Israel takes issue with his counterpart from Egypt on the situation in the Middle East. The two appear with students from Iceland and Norway on the panel. The solution of the Israel-Arab problem, according to Per Friis Rusten of Norway, lies in education that will provide the peoples of the world with an international mind and spirit. "That's the hardest part - understanding another point of view, " adds Icelander Miss Gudrun Erlendsdottir.
In the case of mammals, bones can tell us a lot. Form the extinct mastodon and mammoth, or the ancient horse, one can learn lessons about the development of the mammals by merely examining the teeth and bone structures these early creatures left behind. You will meet the mammals and learn about their classification and development by examining skulls and live animals. Six orders of mammals will be considered: the Marsupialor opossums; the chiroptera or bats; the Carnivora or carnivores; the Artiodactyl or even-toed (like the horse); the Rodentia or rodents; and the Lagamorpha or rabbits.
"I want to tell American students how lucky they are," states Nakchung Paik of Korea. "Education is a privilege in my country. Here, it is a right." The other three participants, from Brazil, Britain, and Japan, agree in the panel discussion that American students have many advantages not equaled by students in their homelands. Choice in selecting subjects and sports are cited by the panel as beneficial factors in education here.
Explains the ways in which rumors develop, and presents typical errors people make when telling their experiences to others. Illustrates the transmission of information by using a verbal chain demonstration in reporting a familiar situation and a pantomine demonstration in reporting an unfamiliar situation. Outlines the ways in which the reporting of an incident is accomplished from person to person and the changes that take place during the transmission.
There is a definite reason for most of your likes and dislikes, says Prof. Boring. He shows how measurements of them can be taken themselves, examples of preferred experiences which are largely results of learning; for example, pleasant pains, dissonance in musical intervals, and cultivated smells. He reminds us that man is a behaving organism that tries to get what he likes and likes what he tries to get, and that his preferences are established by heredity and learning.
The panelists discuss what the word "American," in reference to a citizen of the United States, means in different parts of the world. Race problems and prejudices as viewed in different parts of the world also are dealt with by these four high school delegates.
Participants are Miss Mirka Misic, Yugoslavia; Miss Susan Rennie, Union of South Africa; Mr. Norbert Scholz, Germany; Mr. Young-Koo Lee, Korea; and Mrs. Waller. The debate on the nature of communism is enlivened by the young Yugoslavian delegate who attempts to defend her country's brand of communism under questioning by representatives of Germany, Korea and the Union of South Africa. Mirka insists that Russia borders on imperialism while her country has communism at its best. She asserts that co-existence between communism and capitalism is necessary "if we want a peaceful world." The Korean panel member, however, vigorously replied that communism "by its very nature" denies co-existence with the capitalist countries. Speaking from his firsthand experience of communism during three months in North Korea after that area was captured by the Communists during the Korean war, he is violently in disagreement with anything communistic. He is joined in his views by the remaining two members of the panel.
The delegates discuss Britain's reaction to "the United States' humiliation in its satellite rivalry with the USSR" and what America is famous for in each of the representatives' countries.
Defines art by discussing its distinguishing qualities. Differentiates between art and artifact. Shows a variety of art objects and paintings and contrasts art and artifact by playing two musical selections. (Hofstra College and WOR-TV) Kinescope.
Defines language as a series of self-contained systems. Shows how words have different meanings within linguistic systems. Provides illustrations of linguistic subsystems. Points out the hazard of "premature presumption of understanding.
This series, aired from 1954 through 1958, is built around the annual New York Herald Tribune World Youth Forum, which hosts approximately thirty foreign high school students from around the world in the US. The World Youth Forum features the high school students discussing problems of concern to America and the world. Discussions are presided over by Mrs. Helen Hiett Waller, World Youth Forum Director, with a maximum of encouragement to free expression. In this program from 1955, students from Australia, Singapore, Italy, and India discuss the proper purpose of a high school education.
Discusses the characteristics of a "good" candidate in terms of age, religion, and home state. Points out that men from populous states stand the best chance of receiving the nomination. Also discusses favorite sons, dark horse candidates, and the nomination of candidates previously defeated.
Discusses and reviews the basic elements that are combined to produce design. Explains the importance of individual interpretation. Concentrates on the place of shape in designing a picture.
This final program on the series is a “crystal ball” attempt to look into the future and answer the question, “Where is American art going?” A panel of well-known American figures in American art assists Dr. Preston in an attempt to select those elements in today’s painting which may well be termed characteristic of this era by later generations and to trace out the lines of development which will determine the future.
Going more deeply into the how and why of laughter, Dr. Feinberg discusses international jokes and tells how they originated. A clown routine, so common in international jokes, is demonstrated and analyzed.
There are many familiar expressions which we use. Bash traces the story behind some of these back to pioneer life. After showing how the phrases developed, Bash sings “Goin Down the Road,” “Lo Backed Car,” “Old MacDonald,” “How Old Are You?” “One Morning in May,” and “Caribou Headstone.”
Students from Yugoslavia, France, Germany and the Sudan discuss the problems of communism by examining questions such as: How can a nation choose between “Washington and Moscow”? What do the different systems of government -socialist and capitalist -imply? What becomes of the individual in either system of government? Can there be socialism and democracy in the same system? What becomes of the freedoms of opinion and expression in a communist country. Do the people really have a chance to govern themselves in a communistic country? How efficient is a democracy? What is the role of the political party, and how representative of the people is a one-party system? Participants: Gojko Tanic, Yugoslavia; Catherine Marin, France; Jord-Ingo Weber, Germany; and Mohamed Abdulla Hamadien, Sudan.
Uses demonstrations to explain how wheels function to reduce friction. Summarizes the principles of the inclined plane, lever, and wheel. (WCET) Kinescope.