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Encyclopaedia Britannica Films Inc., Robert Redfield, Hal Kopel
Summary:
Analyzes and describes the meaning of culture. Sees culture as a system of behavior which includes all the things a group does to facilitate its continued existence. Illustrates basic similiarities in human cultures and depicts how differences may be caused by geographical, biological, and historical factors. Identifies the basic tools of all cultures and shows how cultures are transmitted. Emphasizes the need for familiarity with a culture in order to understand its people.
Presents a contrast of Chinese and Western attitudes with regard to man's place in nature. Discusses differing concepts of freedom, nature, and anxiety. Outlines the premises upon which Taoism and Confucianism are based.
Reviews Eric Hoffer's views on man as a truly free being. Describes check of absolute power and struggle away from the animal in man as prerequisites to freedom. Reveals play as one of the best times for man to receive insight.
Emphasizes that without traffic laws our street and highways would be in a state of confusion. Discusses the uniform code covering speed, passing, traffic signals, stops and stops signs, and turning movements.
Depicts the Japanese occupation of Manchukuo. Describes the mechanization of industry. Includes scenes showing coal and iron mines, steel mills, railroads, government buildings, new housing, native Chinese life, shops and trade, the Russian influence in Harbin, the raising of soya beans, schools, and hospitals. A silent teaching film.
Discusses the mid-nineteenth century push to the Pacific. Characterizes the period as one of adolescent optimism, cockiness, and self-assurance, idealism, and disregard for other's rights and feelings. Suggests that by reaching the Pacific, Americans had fulfilled their destiny. (KETC) Kinescope.
Discusses the power and limitations of symbols, especially words. Describes the significance of the communications network in which humans live. Defines words as "maps" giving directions to "territories" of human experience. Stresses the point that words can be manipulated independently of the experiences they represent. Explains other pitfalls of communication related to word usage.
Orients the maritime provinces in relation to the rest of Canada and the United States. Portrays the settling of the region, involving flows to and from the United States. Includes also fishing, fur farming, lumbering, farming, mining and smelting, and commerce.
Provides a kaleidoscopic preview of Communist history. Explains the basis for the series and establishes documentary sources. Uses reenactments to show the collaboration on the Communist Manifesto by Marx and Engels, the development of Marxism, and the founding of the First International. Discusses the fallacy in Marx's premise and concludes by introducing Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, later known as Lenin.
Perhaps the original need for masks was for man to be able to disengage himself from his everyday life. He used them to symbolize that he was not “himself.” He was another being, human or superhuman, or even an abstract quality. He was able to satisfy two needs through the use of masks – the need for religion and the need for diversion. Miss Leadbeater and Shari Lewis concentrate on masks used for diversion and their counterparts in the modern United States – at Halloween and Mardi Gras.
In this program, Mr. Fitzpatrick discusses masks as a form of art expression, how they are made, and their uses. Describes ceremonial festivals, and the theater. Demonstrates the making of the mask in clay, paper mache, and bent cardboard. Explains how various materials such as raffia, paint, and metal are applied to the mask for decoration. Uses models to illustrate the artistic merit and effectiveness of masks.
Matt Mann applies his teaching principles with a group of girls. The crawl, breast stroke, back stroke, and butterfly stroke are demonstrated in both regular and slow motion photography.
Discusses and demonstrates matter in its various states: solid, liquid, and gas. Shows how matter is broken up into its smallest components. Explains how energy is obtained from matter. Defines the fission and fusion processes. Concludes with a demonstration of a chain reaction. (WQED) Film.
Discusses and illustrates mature and immature behavior of people, and shows what can be done to promote maturity. Presents people with mature traits in some relationships but immature traits in other situations. Points out that strong motivation, activity, and going out to meet people all promote maturity. (KOMU-TV) Kinescope.
In this program, criminologist Joseph D. Lohman describes maximum security as the single most important characteristic of the American prison. He relates the consequences of excess security on inmates. Filmed scenes provide the setting of maximum security and an inmate describes the routine in such institutions. Lohman and Alexander discuss the need for diversity in staff and security which would alleviate many of the pitfalls of an inflexible system.
Explains how learning is aided by the meaningfulness of the material to be learned. Points out how rhyme, rhythm, and symbolism are aids to learning. Conducts an experiment to show the relationship of meaning to learning. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.
Professor Dorothy Montgomery, Chairman, Department of Physics, Hollins College, Va., Encyclopaedia Britannica Films
Summary:
Traces measurements from centimeters to atomic distances and shows how calibration of instruments can give an accurate knowledge of these measurements. Shows measuring techniques used with optical microscopes. Explains the principle of the use of electrons to cast shadows and how this is employed in the electron microscope. Dr. Edwin Mueller demonstrates his field emission microscope by which it is possible to see images of individual atoms, and he briefly discusses the principles involved in the microscope's operation.
Discusses natural and artificial means of measuring time and distance. Explains how the three natural divisions of time--day, month, and year--come from the motions of the earth and the moon. Tells how civil time, universal time, and the sidereal time are calculated. Uses charts, diagrams, and photographs to show how distances in space are measured by the speed of light and the magnitude or brightness of the stars. Features James S. Pickering of the American Museum-Hayden Planetarium.
John T.R. Nickerson, Robert Longini, Encyclopaedia Britannica Films
Summary:
Presents a survey of the meat industry, tracing the steps in the production, processing, and distibution of meat. Shows herds grazing on western grasslands, cattle being shipped to the Corn Belt for fattening prior to slaughter, the dressing, inspection, and grading of beef, pork, and lamb, and the cutting, processing, and packaging of graded meat. Describes modern cold-storage and shipping facilities. Traces the discrimmination of processed meat from the packing plant to the consumer. Shows commonly-used by-products of the meat industry.
Discusses the necessity of understanding car mechanics for maintenance purposes. Explains the power source, the cooling and electrical systems, lubrication, brakes, exhaust, and power accessories. (Cincinnati Public Schools and WCET) Kinescope.
Shows the breathing mechanism in operation. Technical animation portrays the gaseous exchange in lungs and body tissue cells, including pathological conditions. Demonstrates artificial respiration. By means of animation and photography the nervous control of breathing and factors affecting rate and depth of breathing are illustrated.
Discusses the medical use of the isotope in understanding the chemistry of the body. Explores the advances in medicine made possible through nuclear energy. Explains radioisotopes and radioactive iodine. Demonstrates the cobalt machine at the Allegheny General Hospital in Pittsburgh.
The effectiveness of the African medicine man or “witch doctor” has been a subject of much speculation among the lay public and professional medical men for many years. In this program a Western physician investigates the work of “witch doctors” in Nigeria. The viewer is shown actual “healing” sessions and sees the results of what many doctors believe is mass hypnosis induced in his patients by the “witch doctor.” Nigerian physicians and psychiatrists give their explanations of the healing phenomenon.
A continuation of the filmed record of a Western physician’s trek to Nigeria to investigate the healing phenomena attributed to the African “witch doctors.”
Traces the development of aviation medicine. Discusses the founding of the Department of Space Medicine at the School of Aviation Medicine, U.S. Air Force. Shows the kind of experimental research in high-altitude physiology being performed. Features Major General Otis O. Benson, Jr., Commandant, School of Aviation Medicine, Randolf Air Force Base, Texas. (KUHT) Film.
Twentieth Century Fund, Ben Grauer, E. Tourville, Sid Abel, Irving Rusinow
Summary:
Studies the people and the problems of Megalopolis, the heavily populated northeastern seaboard of the United States from southern New Hampshire to northern Virginia. Identifies problems resulting from dense population which affects transportation, communication, government, and air and water pollution. Identifies the need for better future planning. Based on survey "Megalopolis: the urbanized Northeastern seaboard of the United States" by Professor Jean Gottmann, University of Paris.
Introduces the harp, explains how it produces sounds, and reviews its development from early times in Egypt. Explains and demonstrates techniques of playing, of tuning, and of producing special effects. Musical selections include: Salzedo, Fraicheur, La Desirade, Cortige, Chansons Dans la Nuit, and Traipsin' thru Arkansaw; Bach, Arioso; and ravel, Piece en Frome de Habanera. (Arts and Audiences, Inc.) Film.
This program deals chiefly with the work of Gregor Johann Mendel, one of the greatest biologists of recent times. The question to which he devoted himself was this: What order, of any, exists in the transfer of characteristics from parent to child to grandchild? In developing his theory, he studied the reproduction of common green peas, and Dr. Roney shows film clips which reproduce some of Mendel’s early experiments. He explains the terms derived by Mendel to explain biological inheritance. Demonstrations are shown which illustrate factors in reproduction and inheritance, and the program concludes with a summary of Mendel’s contributions to biological sciences.
Discusses intelligence and achievement and the methods of testing intelligence. Points out the necessity for appreciating the difference between intelligence and achievement. Four children help in demonstrating the testing for a particular kind of intelligence. (University of Michigan Television) Kinescope.
Explains how the composer conveys to his audience the emotions, the actions, and the thoughts of the personages in an opera. Shows how particular character "themes" and descriptive settings are worked out so as to express musically the thoughts, emotions, and behavior of the characters. (University of Rochester) Film.
In this program, Mr. Fitzpatrick discusses the use and adaption of metal as an art form. Explains how new metals have created a challenging material for the sculptor. Demonstrates the use of simple tools in creating different types of metal sculpture from rod, wire, sheet, and mesh. Illustrates with metal sculptures.
Tells the story of making objects from metal. Explains the importance of the craftsmen who shaped iron, tin, pewter, gold, and silver. Describes the work of famous metalworkers. Uses film to show a metal craftsman using techniques of the colonial worker. (KQED) Kinescope.
Encyclopaedia Britannica Films, Margaret McKibben Lawler, William Kay
Summary:
Describes the life cycle of a solitary wasp, using macrophotography to reveal the intricate processes of growth and development of a wasp through early stages of metamorphosis. Points out changes which take place between the egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages of an insect. Features a tube, especially constructed for observation, to reveal the dramatic changes in body organization that normally occur within a cocoon as a wasp larva is transformed into a fully developed winged adult.
Examines the role of meteorological research in the Antarctic program of the IGY. Uses charts, maps, and film sequences to show how weather observations are taken, organized, and used. Features Dr. Harry Wexler, chief scientist for the United States--IGY in Antarctica, and Dr. Lawrence M. Gould.
Discusses rhythm as the punctuation in the language of music. Illustrates tempo, pulse, rhythm, meter, and accent with musical selections. Demonstrates and suggests the different emotional responses evoked by them. (University of Rochester) Film.
Scientists discover things either by making plans for experiments and then following them doggedly, or by pursuing the implications of unexpected events or findings. It was in the latter way that Michael Faraday made one of his most important discoveries in the field of electricity. Dr. Posin discusses the men preceding Faraday, who had worked with electricity -- Volta, Benjamin Franklin, the Danish scientist HC Oersted (1777-1851) -- and the discoveries each made. He then turns to the work, and some pictures and models of the apparatus, for which Faraday is best known. In particular, he demonstrates the experiment by which Faraday proved that magnetism can produce electricity. He also performs an experiment with electrically charged fish like the electric eel or the Gymnotus.
Bash tells the story of the Mighty Mississippi, in calm and in flood, in the early days of the flat boats, keelboats and barges on to the time of the riverboats with steam turning the giant paddle wheels. She tells of the people who live on its bank, of the excitement of the cotton loading and the showboats. Bash sings “The Keelboat Song,” “Nicodemus” and “Lazy River.”
Illustrates how Mike's negative orientation to school is altered by careful guidance and teacher cooperation. Describes how the guidance counselor finds a way to help Mike after learning what he wants and why. Shows the cooperation of other teachers in helping Mike with his reading and finding new interest in the electric shop and the school orchestra. Shows Mike gradually replacing his mark of hatred with a mark of manhood.
Analyzes the role of servicemen as "diplomats in uniform." Discusses their influence on the political affairs of the world, both in time of peace and war. (WTTW) Kinescope.
Encyclopaedia Britannica Films, K.G. Weckel, Robert J. Longini
Summary:
Shows how milk is processed in a dairy plant, tested pasteurized, bottled, and distributed. Depicts a variety of dairy products available for stores and home delivery.
Considers the whys and wherefores of defense spending as related to both foreign policy and domestic economic policy. Discusses the question, "Is there a partisan...Democratic or Republican...answer to the question of defense spending?" (KETC) Kinescope.
Considers immigration to the U.S.A from the post bellum years into the twentieth century. Discusses the areas of origin of the immigrants. Relates how they filled up the frontier and the Middle Border and furnished labor for the expanding industry of the East. (KETC) Kinescope.
Discusses evidence that supports organic evolution. Points out that some of the animals and plants of today are very different from what they were many thousands of years ago, and indicates reasons for some of the changes. Illustrates the concepts of mimicry and mutations, and illustrates how these factors influence natural selection and organic evolution.
Seven to twelve-year-old filmmakers are the stars in this film record of the activities of a film club. Narration is entirely by children who comment on the pleasures and problems of filmmaking. They experiment with drawing directly on clear film and they use paper cutout puppets to animate a story.
Discusses the small objects or debris that travel in and out among the planets in the solar system. Uses diagrams, models, and photographs to show and explain the physical make-up, size, movements, and origin of asteroids, comets, and meteors. Describes the major comets that orbit in the solar system including the visit of Haley's comet in 1910. Tells about the formation of meteors and meteorites and shows examples. Feature James S. Pickering of the American Museum-Hayden Planetarium.
Bash tells the story of Missouri, the settling of towns and the westward trails to Oregon and California via the Santa Fe Trail. She sings “Black-eyed Susie,” “Chisholm Trail,” “Shenandoah” and “Cockles and Mussels.”
Discusses why people make mistakes, and illustrates how these mistakes lead to either learning or quitting. Shows why some people are more disturbed by their mistakes than others. Presents ways of meeting mistakes: trying to prevent them, expecting them to occur and adjusting to the feeling of guilt, and turning to other successes. (KOMU-TV) Kinescope.
Presents an actual demonstration of the modeling of a portrait in clay. Explains how a sculptured portrait reflects "likeness" and reveals the character and personality of the sitter. Discusses the problems of working in three dimensions and the creation of the sculptural form and proportion. Features Merrell Gage, sculptor and Professor of Fine Arts, University of Southern California. (USC) Film.
Beginning with a visit to Anchorage, shows the city's modern developments in offices, houses, schools, and factories which best typify modern Alaska. Visits other sources of industry, commerce, education, and culture in Alaska. Points out factors that may slow Alaska's growth.
Dr. Glenn Seaborg and his associates describe the discovery of the four "missing elements," technetium, astatine, francium, and promethium. Emphasizes the role of the cyclotron on the creation of synthetic elements. Dr. Ernest O. Lawrence explains the operation and development of high voltage accelerators from the first eight-inch cyclotron to the mammoth bevatron. Dr. Emilio Segre, a participant in the discovery of the first synthetic element, describes its discovery and demonstrates the technique used by him to identify astatine. (KQED) Film.