651. Early Houses (15:00)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The program describes the kinds of housing the early settlers built, from the earliest lean-to type, hastily thrown together to protest the people as soon as they landed on these shores, on through the way they learned to make thatched roofs, then later cut logs for building. The use of handmade bricks, and the change of ways in making fireplaces from the original stick-covered-with-mud ones to brick ones follows in the story. The various ways of building sturdy walls by notching of logs in various patterns and cuts is shown. Songs include “The Tailor and the Mouse,” “Little Mohee,” and “Cockels and Mussels.”

652. Early money (15:00)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The story of money is one of a way of life, says Bash in this program. Money was not always coin or paper notes. There were many things which early pioneers could use to buy things. In Virginia, they used tobacco; in South Carolina, rice; Indians used shells and beads; trappers of the North could buy a gun with furs, and the man of New England used fish or timber for payment. Songs include “Sixpence,” “When I Was Single” and “Ribbon Bow.”

653. Early steps in the nominating process (30:16)

Date:
1956
Summary:
Discusses the early steps in the nominating process. Explains and illustrates the makeup of the national committee, the role of the national chairman, the importance of selecting a favorable convention site, apportionment of delegates, and state, county, and precinct organizations. Discusses a cartoon of the county chairman. (Dynamic Films) Film.

654. Early Toll Road (29:28)

Date:
1959
Summary:
Tells the story of the need for and construction of the Cumberland Road in the early 1800's. Points out how it unified the East and West, promoted trade, led to the establishment of many modern cities, enhanced nationalism and gave impetus to overland travel to western frontiers.

655. Early treatment of the mentally ill (29:50)

Date:
1960
Summary:
The program -- and the series -- is introduced by explanation of the cage in the title of the series. The cage symbolizes the restraints, chains, cells and prisons in which the mentally ill were kept by societies ignorant and afraid of the true nature of insanity. It also represents the progress man has made in freeing the mentally ill from these restraints as more has been learned about this problem. This program outlines the history of the treatment of insanity from earliest times through the end of the middle ages. The narrator, Mr. Stephen Palmer, describes some of the misapprehensions about insanity, some of the ways the ancient Greeks and Romans treated it, and what happened to classical thought on the subject after the fall of the Roman Empire. The influence of the rise of the Roman Catholic Church, the belief in angels, devils and magic, the methods used by the Holy Inquisition to cure madness are presented in the narration: pictures, statues, and old engravings are all used.

656. Early-Day Cowboys (15:09)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The program begins with the days following the Civil War, when men first drove cattle westward to the range lands of the southwest, where only the buffalo had grazed before. The importance of meat to the country is shown, and the development of great herds, which roamed the open unfenced country until it was later settled and fenced. The life of the cowboy, the reason for his wearing his particular costume, chaps, kerchief, sombrero, is explained. Bash tells tales of the cowboy’s job herding, branding, and also driving the cattle on the long trek up the trails to market and shipping centers. Songs include “Cowboy’s Dreams,” “The Chisholm Trail,” and a lively dance is done to “Cindy” when the cowboys reach town.

657. Earth in Space (29:49)

Date:
1959
Summary:
Discusses the earth from the standpoint of an object in space. Reviews briefly the make-up of the solar system. Uses charts, models, photographs, and film clips to explain and show the earth's movements in space, physical make-up, atmosphere, and seasonal changes, and tells us how these characteristics affect the earth's inhabitants. Features James S. Pickering of the American Museum-Hayden Planetarium.

659. Echoes and Ears (15:09)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses Demonstrations to explain echoes and how the ear functions. Tells how sound can bounce to produce an echo. Stresses ear care. Discusses how and why animals ears are shaped as they are. Shows how to make a harp out of rubber bands. (WCET) Kinescope.

660. Echoes of jazz (29:15)

Date:
1965
Summary:
Traces the development of American jazz dance, from tap dancing through the stylized theatrical form of the 1900's and orchestrated jazz of the Thirties, to the cool, abstract music of the Sixties. Demonstrates the basic steps of tap dance (sand shuffle, waltz clog, time step, buck and wing) as performed by Honi Coles. Presents Paula Kelly, Dudley Williams, and William Luther dancing to "Storyville, New Orleans" and the music recorded by Jelly Roll Morton, and Grover Dale and Michel Harty dancing in "Idiom 59" and to recorded music of the same title by Duke Ellington. Presents John Butler's choreography of music by Gunther Schuller, variations on a theme by John Lewis.

661. Eclipses of the sun and moon (11:33)

Date:
1966
Summary:
Describes the various types of eclipses and explains why they occure and what scientists learn from them. Uses telescopic photography to show lunar and solar exlipses. Discusses such terms as "umbra" and "penumbra," explaining their relationships to the various kinds of eclipses.

662. Economic growth (28:53)

Date:
1961
Summary:
Presents a discussion of economic growth as a national goal. Reviews the causes and effects of inflation, unemployment, and rate of growth. Points out the effect of education on new employment patterns. Compares American and Soviet rates of expansion. Discusses problems of automation, standards of living, and the individual initiative in our economic position.

663. Economic precautions for preventing war (29:38)

Date:
1957
Summary:
Discusses the use of western capital for the industrial development of the under-developed areas of the world. Presents an analysis of long range foreign aid policy to help secure peace. Features Dr. Harlan Cleveland, Dean, Syracuse University, John E. Hull, General, United States Army (retired), and host Dr. Huston Smith. (KETC) Kinescope.

664. Ed Feil L'orient (15:59)

Date:
1944/1945
Summary:
Home movie filmed in Lorient, France, 1945. Depicts Ed Feil's military life, including soldiers in a dugout, loading mortars, riding in a military jeep, and eating at camp. Also shows men on pass to town of Quimper with shots of local women and children. Postwar footage includes ruins and the drive through Paris en route to Germany. Film is mixed B/W and color with handwritten intertitles.

666. Edgar Kaiser : maverick in grey flannel (31:05)

Date:
1968
Summary:
One segment of episode 205 of PBL. Interviews industrialist Edgar Kaiser on such issues as the nation's health problems, housing needs, and capitalism. Contrasts his attitudes with those of the student generation. Indicates that Kaiser believes Medicare and Urban Renewal should be in the hands of private enterprise and business should compete in and with Communist countries.

667. Educating on the sub-verbal level (29:37)

Date:
1957
Summary:
Examines the potentiality of education on the sub-verbal level. Discusses the training of the special senses such as vision and the autonomic nervous system. Points out the need for research and application of training on the sub-verbal level in order for man to attain a higher capacity for thought. Features Aldous Huxley, author and lecturer. (KETC) Kinescope.

668. Education (27:11)

Date:
1954
Summary:
Delegates from Australia, the Union of South Africa, and the Gold Coast discuss the problems of education both in the United States and abroad. Each of the delegates to the forum was the guest of a school during his twelve-week stay, and during that time, each had a good opportunity to gain first-hand knowledge of the American school system. One of the students attended a private school here, while the other two attended public schools. Like the blind men who "see" the elephant with their hands, and then attempt to describe it, each of the three has a somewhat different impression of school life here. However, each of the schools which they have attended seems rather typical of one trend or another in American education. In discussing education in this country, they deal with, among other problems, the question of objective as opposed to essay-type examinations, private and public schools, and the differences between the standards in wealthy and less prosperous communities. Both of the delegates from Africa seemed to feel that, while American students are fairly well-versed on the history and problems of Europe, they seem to know comparatively little about other sections of the world. The exchanges between the delegates from the Union of South Africa and the Gold Coast concerning segregation are interesting. Since two of the participants are from the English Commonwealth, it was inevitable that there should be examination of the educational problems growing out of colonial rule.

669. Education and the underdeveloped areas of the world (29:34)

Date:
1957
Summary:
Presents a look at world illiteracy. Suggests the use of an already proven method of combating illiteracy in order to help the people of underdeveloped areas. Emphasizes that people are on the move and must be helped. Features Dr. Frank Laubach, missionary, educator, and author. (KETC) Kinescope.

670. Education as intellectual discipline (29:04)

Date:
1961
Summary:
Comments on the importance of a disciplined mind and outlines the methods of obtaining intellectual discipline in a democratic society. Answers objections and comments on a filmed illustration. Featured personality is Arthur Bestor, professor of history at the University of Illinois.

671. Education for a free society (28:53)

Date:
1961
Summary:
Indicates that we need education that deliberately tries to cultivate the following three freedoms: "freedom from"--the condition of being free from constraint; "freedom of"--freedom of thought, of religion, of speech, and of press; and "freedom to"--the opportunity to make choices and to act on those choices. Featured personality, R. Freeman Butts, is a William F. Russell Professor in the Foundation of Education at Teachers College, Columbia University.

672. Education for cultural conservation (29:02)

Date:
1961
Summary:
States that educational conservatives look for guidance to wise men as Edmund Burke, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and John Henry Newman in England, and Irving Babbit and Paul E. More in America. The cultural conservative contends that liberal education necessarily is traditional, and that it is intended to conserve the heritage of our civilization. Featured personality is Russell Kirk, research professor of political science at C. W. Post College, Long Island University.

673. Education For Cultural Reconstruction (29:29)

Date:
1961
Summary:
States that reconstructionism is, above all, a goal-centered, future-oriented philosophy of education. It is one of the fundamental assumptions of reconstructionists that education has unprecedented tasks that would not exist in a more normal, less revolutionary, or less dangerous time. Featured personality is Theodore Brameld, professor of educational philosophy at Boston University.

674. Education For Life Adjustment (28:58)

Date:
1961
Summary:
The two essential elements of life adjustments education: 1)to help develop the skills, knowledge and attitudes for dealing with immediate situations of everyday life; 2) to develop an understanding of persistent aspects of situations recurring through life. Features Professor Florence Stratemeyer of Teachers College, Columbia University. Kinescope.

675. Education for moral character (30:01)

Date:
1961
Summary:
The quotation from George E. Partridge's Genetic Philosophy of Education, "All education is moral, for the end of all teaching is to complete the moral growth of the child, and to impart to him the moral ideals of the race," provides the theme for this program. Suggests that the key to strong character is to define for young people what is the right thing to do and to challenge them to build moral and spiritual strength with a positive approach. Featured personality is Ernest M. Ligon, professor of psychology at Union College in Schenectady, New York.

676. Education for national survival (28:52)

Date:
1961
Summary:
Emphasizes the fact that our national strength depends more on high level of educational achievement than on any other factor. Indicates that we must come to realize this, and that we must be willing to spend a larger proportion of our national income on education, provide an educational challenge for our young people, and discover the best talent and see to it that this talent is developed to the highest possible degree. Featured personality is Harold W. Stokes, president of Queens College in New York City.

677. Education for psychological maturity (30:00)

Date:
1961
Summary:
Those who believe in education for psychological maturity draw heavily on the insights of modern depth psychology – stemming from Freud, Jung, Adler, Sullivan, and others – about how the human mind develops and why people behave as they do. A quote from one of Dr. Jersild’s book, When Teachers Face Themselves, sets the tone of this program: “Education should help children and adults to know themselves and to develop healthy attitudes of self-acceptance.” Dr. Jersild proposes that efforts to promote self-understanding should be incorporated into the nation’s total educational program. He also answers objections and comments upon a filmed illustration.

678. Education here and abroad (29:18)

Date:
1957
Summary:
Herald Tribune Forum delegates from Lebanon, France, India, United Kingdom, Indonesia, Korea, Philippines, Germany, and the Union of South Africa compare education in the U.S. with that of their countries. Includes comments on teaching methods, classroom procedures, and co-education. (WOR-TV) Kinescope. 1957

679. Edward Steichen : part I (29:48)

Date:
1962
Summary:
The first program deals largely with Steichen’s life and his development as a photographer. He comments on the first camera he use (a Kodak), the years before he came to New York City, his “romantic” period in the 1890’s, his work with photography for advertising, his stay in France when he was for a while very active as a painter, his reactions to modern art, and his feelings about the influence of painting on his photography. Steichen’s photographs are used throughout the program to complement his description of life and work, and he often gives detailed analysis of these photographs.

680. Edward Steichen : part II (29:42)

Date:
1962
Summary:
The first part of the program is devoted to Steichen’s memorable and world-famous exhibit, “The Family of Man.” Steichen explains his preoccupation with the forms and development of human life; the exhibit, and many of the photographs shown during the course of the program, emphasize the preoccupation. Steichen and Rene d’Harnoncourt also discuss his association with the fashion magazine Vanity Fair, his ideas on journalistic photography, and his work in Hollywood and in advertising, his photographic experiments, his experiences during World War I, his exhibitions and the ideas governing them, his work now in progress, and his plans for future exhibitions.

681. Edward Steichen : part III (29:41)

Date:
1962
Summary:
The third program consists of a detailed analysis of photographs. Steichen and a young photographer move from picture to picture while Steichen explains the mechanical and technical problems they presented and the ideas or interests that prompted his focusing on one or another subject. They also examine pictures taken by such noted photographers as Lewis Hines and Edward Weston. Of particular interest are Steichen’s comments on symbolist photography and his reasons for abandoning experiments he began in this area. At the program’s end, Steichen speaks generally about the future of photography, and of the things we have to learn about and from our fellow man.

682. Edward Steichen, part IV (29:22)

Date:
1962
Summary:
The format of this final program is different from that of the preceding three. On the sound track is a pre-recorded conversation with Steichen, and on the screen is a series of Steichen’s own photographs, and those of other photographers, from the “Family of Man” collection. Steichen’s remarks form a commentary explaining and describing some general principles of photography, and the details of completing this particular exhibit.The basic element, says Steichen, is love: love of life and of mankind.

684. Egypt : a country in transition (10:34)

Date:
1961
Summary:
Shows the response of today's Egyptians to new ideas of progress and change amidst a way of life unchanged for centuries. Discusses methods of agriculture, the importance of the Nile River, developments in education, the place of women in society, the racial structure of Egyptian society, the marketplace, and the traditional rural village.

685. Eighteenth century life in Williamsburg, Virginia : home life (21:32)

Date:
1956
Summary:
Shows a family and its household slaves engaged in their early morning tasks. Depicts the work involved in maintaining the home and reveals lack of many conveniences. Dramatizes the relationships that existed among the master of the household, his family, and his slaves.

686. Eleanor Roosevelt : part 2 (29:39)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program Mrs. Roosevelt tells of her first meeting with FDR, his personality as a young man, their wedding, FDR’s political beginnings, his mother and Louis Howe. She then tells of his illness and his recovery. She talks of his outstanding personality and his friends, his enemies, and his confidence in the people who worked with him.

687. Eleanor Roosevelt : part 3 (29:38)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Mrs. Anna Eleanor Roosevelt discusses her life after the death of her husband. She tells of her transition to the official duties at the United Nations, answers questions about Senator Mccarthy, the racial situation, current trends to re-evaluate American education and her relationship with the Russians. (WQED) Film.

688. Eleanor Roosevelt : part 4 (29:53)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program, Mrs. Roosevelt talks of her husband and his philosophy, religion, friendships and courage. She tells of D-Day in the White House, Pearl Harbor Day, and FDR’s moments of relaxation. She talks about Communism, war, leadership in the world today, and about the future.

689. Electric power (29:14)

Date:
1955
Summary:
Discusses the production of electric power in the United States. States that a heritage of our land is our system of rivers and lakes, particular when this water power is harnessed to provide electricity. Discusses the use of dams, thermal power plants, and generators in the production of electricity. (WOI-TV) Kinescope.

690. Electricity from Chemicals (29:16)

Date:
1959
Summary:
Uses laboratory experiments to illustrate how chemicals liberate energy in the form of electricity. Explains the part Italians Galvani and Volta played in discovering the principle of electricity from chemicals. Demonstrates the reaction between zinc and lead in generating heat and electricity. Shows the types of electrical cells uses today. (KQED) Film.

691. Electricity: Measurement (12:14)

Date:
1963
Summary:
Develops concepts of electrical pressure, current, and resistance, and establishes the need for the measurement of electricity. Demonstrates the measurement of electrical pressure and current flow, shows the development and use of Ohm's law in calculating electrical relationships, and discusses the importance of fuses as a safety measure.

692. Elements of electrical circuits (10:46)

Date:
1943
Summary:
Demonstrates the concept that electric current is a flow of electrons controlled by circuits. Describes have electrical circuits. Describes home electrical circuits and illustrates a short circuit caused by faculty insulation. Reveals functions of conductors and insulators, and measurements of electric flow by application of Ohm's law. Explains Ohm's law in terms of resistance, current, and electromotive force. For junior and senior high school, and adult groups.

693. Elites and classes in america (29:37)

Date:
1959
Summary:
Max Lerner and five Brandeis students discuss: Who really owns America? What are the chances of moving from one society to another? Do the elites really run America? Is the dictatorship of the elite a conspiracy? Are there conflicts among the elites? Has American business gone soft because their leaders do not understand the urgency of the situation today? Is there a military elite? Does the intellectual elite have control in America? Have the intellectuals failed to make clear to the public that they are in danger of their own destruction? Is democracy lost in the social anarchy that there is today?

694. Embarrassing Questions (29:36)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses problems arising when children become curious about sex and birth. Explains how parents can prepare themselves for this time, why questions must be answered, and how to proceed for mutual benefit of child and parent. (WTTW) Kinescope.

698. Emotional health (20:19)

Date:
1947
Summary:
Designed for use with a health text on the college level. Shows interviews of a college student with a physician and then with a psychiatrist, who uncovers his fears and helps him become emotionally adjusted. Uses occasional flashbacks of the boy's childhood. Correlated with "Textbook of Healthful Living" by Dr. Harold S. Diehl.

700. Energy (29:52)

Date:
1959
Summary:
Explains why energy is necessary, where it is obtained and why more energy is needed. Defines and gives examples of kinetic and potential energy. Uses charts and diagrams to show how energy is used and how much is available. Points out the importance of nuclear energy for the future. (WQED) Film.