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Ida Lloyd was born and raised in East Chicago, Indiana, and moved to the Small Farms at age ten. In this excerpt, she contends that East Chicago was more inclusive than Gary. She says about Small Farms, "You come here and you're separated--all Blacks in this area...and whites in that area. And then you had, the schools...we were integrated, but you weren't really integrated."
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Growing Up in Small Farms for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Waters, Dorothy (narrator), Waters, Robert (narrator)
Summary:
Dorothy and Robert Waters describe a gravel road on their family farm that connected the Black Oak spring to the Chase Street spring. The road made a relatively straight east-west line between the two springs, and was used to move farm machinery between fields.
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Black Oak Spring for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Connie Standifer recalls the community use of the Chase Street Spring when she was growing up. She remembers that people traveled to Small Farms to collect water from the artesian well, sometimes drawn by its "miraculous healing" properties. She says, "And there were people from all over... All different types of license plates. From, Utah…Illinois, Nevada."
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Community Use of the Spring for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Betty Earlene Jordan discusses how the use of plastic increased the amount of littering at the Chase Street spring. "I think that if people were out there and they had a container that maybe wasn't as clean as they thought it should have been, or if it was bent up too badly," she says, "they would just...throw it."
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Environmental Impacts for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Gary Chamber of Commerce Executive Director Chuck Hughes shares a short history of his familial origins and what it was like for them to move from the South to the North. He compares the environment of Small Farms to that of rural Mississippi and Alabama, and describes the topography of the area, noting that it was wooded and had dirt roads. He also shares that he and other children had a "very creative childhood" because they used their imagination and surroundings in their play.
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Growing Up in Small Farms for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Kristin Huysken, Associate Professor of Geoscience at Indiana University Northwest, discusses her use of the Chase Street Spring today. She leads field trips to the well to help her students "understand how geology affects them in their everyday lives and how they interact with their geologic environment."
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Use of the Spring Today for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Exnar McIntosh-Burt discusses her upbringing in Small Farms, highlighting specific schools that she attended. She describes her childhood as "many years of wonderful growing up." McIntosh-Burt came from a family of 18 children. She shares that the neighborhood was a very tight-knit community, stating, "We raised each other... A very close-knitted family on the Small Farm."
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Growing Up in Small Farms for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Gary Chamber of Commerce Executive Director Chuck Hughes describes his childhood in Small Farms. He says that he and his siblings thought they were "living large" in a big house filled with extended family members. Hughes' family were avid fishermen and would sometimes host fish fries for the neighborhood. He says as children they had everything they needed in Small Farms, and that "we essentially didn't leave that area...until it was time to start school."
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Growing Up in Small Farms for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Gary Chamber of Commerce Executive Director Chuck Hughes discusses life growing up in Small Farms. He shares stories of how he and other children were teased at school for where they came from. He attributes this treatment to the dirt and dust that settled on their clothing during their walk on dirt roads to get to school. Classmates called them "farmers from the Black Bottoms" (after a nickname used for Small Farms). But he says they were proud of their origins and the place they called home. As Hughes puts it, "We wore it as a badge of honor."
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Growing Up in Small Farms for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Betty Earlene Jordan describes the amount of work involved with using a spring as a primary water source. "It was a lot of work," she says. "Because we would fill the car up with those jugs and that water is heavy." She recalls how she once carried four jugs at once, and that her mother scolded her for carrying too many.
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Community Use of the Spring for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Ida L. Lloyd discusses her memories of growing up in Small Farms, after moving there at age ten from East Chicago. She explains why she preferred East Chicago to Small Farms. She says, "We hated it in a sense that you didn't have the freedom. You didn't have the sidewalks, running water, like you should, like we had in East Chicago." Lloyd also shares a story about how residents of East Chicago would combat hot summer nights by spending the night on the Lake Michigan beach to keep cool.
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Growing Up in Small Farms for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Griffith resident Arianne Campbell explains how the dilapidation within her hometown of Gary makes it difficult for her to fully appreciate its history. "So much of [Gary] is completely unrecognizable from what it used to be or it's just outright gone," she says. "And I think that that feeling of not really having that connection to one's history because it's missing is part of it for me." For Campbell, the Chase Street spring serves as one tangible connection to Gary's past.
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Use of the Spring Today for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
The Black Oak artesian well was located in the front yard of Dorothy Waters' family home. She says that when people from the neighborhood collected water from the spring, they sometimes left pennies on a tree stump to thank the family for providing the water to the public.
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Black Oak Spring for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Little Calumet River Basin Development Commissioner David Castellanos discusses current use of the Chase Street spring. He aspires to make the area surrounding the artesian well more accessible to users. He says that the question is, "How can we do something that's going to benefit the whole Northwest Indiana community?"
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Use of the Spring Today for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Burt, Johnny (narrator); McIntosh-Burt, Exnar (narrator)
Summary:
Johnny Burt describes how passways (footpaths) allowed people to walk from their neighborhoods near Lake Sandy Jo to the spring. He recalls stopping at the spring with other children to quench his thirst after walks to the Village, a shopping center located on Grant Street.
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Community Use of the Spring for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Dorothy Waters recalled that her brother told her that there used to be a house next to the Chase Street spring: "There was a house there, that he called the Spring House. Because it was right there at the spring." Dorothy shares an anecdote about the man who lived there, who used its cold waters as his refrigerator.
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Community Use of the Spring for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Kristin Huysken, Associate Professor of Geoscience at Indiana University Northwest, describes how she uses the Chase Street Spring to teach her students about artesian wells. She asks her students to observe what they see at the spring, and engages them in a conversation about the science behind it.
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Use of the Spring Today for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Little Calumet River Basin Development Commissioner David Castellanos discusses plans for the beautification and enhancement of the Chase Street Spring. He says, "So if we work together in partnership, I think we can really develop something that's going to really enhance this whole community, bring us all together."
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Use of the Spring Today for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Kay Westhues interviews Arianne Campbell at Griffith Public Library in Griffith, Indiana, on October 11, 2019. Campbell first learned of the spring while employed by the AmeriCorps VISTA Program at the Paul H. Douglas Center for Environmental Education at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. She describes her research on the spring, a cleanup project she initiated, and the presentation on the spring that she prepared for Green Drinks Gary. Part of the Spring at Small Farms Oral History Project. See the full exhibit here: https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home
Kay Westhues interviews Betty Earlene Jordan at the Lake County Library, Merrillville Branch, in Merrillville, IN, on October 31, 2019. Jordan grew up in the Black Oak neighborhood of Calumet Township. Her family depended on the spring for drinking water in the 1960s-70s. She shares her memories of that experience, and describes the community of Small Farms and Black Oak during that time. Part of the Spring at Small Farms Oral History Project. See the full exhibit here: https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home
Kay Westhues interviews Chuck Hughes at his office in the Gary Chamber of Commerce in Gary, Indiana, on September 13, 2019. Hughes is the Executive Director of the Gary Chamber of Commerce and a former resident of Small Farms. The Fresh County Market on 25th Ave is in the vicinity of his childhood home. Chuck shares remembrances of growing up in the Small Farms community, his memories of getting water from the spring. He also talks about why people may have moved from the community, and his support of the Fresh Market development when he served as a Gary City Councilperson. Part of the Spring at Small Farms Oral History Project. See the full exhibit here: https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home
Kay Westhues interviews Chuck Hughes at Hughes' office in the Gary Chamber of Commerce in Gary, Indiana, on September 13, 2019. Hughes is the Executive Director of the Gary Chamber of Commerce and a former resident of Small Farms. The Fresh County Market on 25th Ave is in the vicinity of his childhood home. Chuck shares remembrances of growing up in the Small Farms community, his memories of getting water from the spring. He also talks about why people may have moved from the community, and his support of the Fresh Market development when he served as a Gary City Councilperson. Part of the Spring at Small Farms Oral History Project. See the full exhibit here: https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home
Kay Westhues interviews David Castellanos at Little Calumet River Basin Development Commission office in Munster, IN, on October 25, 2019. Castellanos is a board member on the Little Calumet River Basin Development Commission, the agency that owns the property containing the spring. The Commission is in charge of flood control along the Little Calumet River, from Gary to the Illinois State Line. David shares information about a cleanup at the spring, and the Commission’s plans for improving the spring and the surrounding area. Part of the Spring at Small Farms Oral History Project. See the full exhibit here: https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home
Waters, Dorothy (narrator), Waters, Robert (narrator)
Summary:
Kay Westhues interviews Dorothy and Robert Waters at their home in Schererville, Indiana, on December 7, 2019. Dorothy Waters is a descendent of the Nimetz family, who settled in the Black Oak area in the 1800s and farmed the land surrounding the Chase Street Spring. Her family home on Calhoun Street was the site of another spring, called the Black Oak Spring, which was open to the public and bottled and sold in the early 1900s. The spring was capped sometime in the 1960s. Waters and her husband, Robert Waters grew up in the Black Oak area and discuss the springs, the neighborhood, and farming during that time. Part of the Spring at Small Farms Oral History Project. See the full exhibit here: https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home
Waters, Dorothy (narrator), Waters, Robert (narrator)
Summary:
Kay Westhues interviews Dorothy and Robert Waters at their home in Schererville, Indiana, on December 7, 2019. Dorothy Waters is a descendent of the Nimetz family, who settled in the Black Oak area in the 1800s and farmed the land surrounding the Chase Street Spring. Her family home on Calhoun Street was the site of another spring, called the Black Oak Spring, which was open to the public and bottled and sold in the early 1900s. The spring was capped sometime in the 1960s. Waters and her husband, Robert, grew up in the Black oak area, and discuss the springs, the neighborhood, and farming during that time. Part of the Spring at Small Farms Oral History Project. See the full exhibit here: https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home
Kay Westhues interviews Ida L. Lloyd at her home in the Glen Park neighborhood in Gary, Indiana, on September 13, 2019. Lloyd shares her experience of moving to Small Farms from East Chicago in 1950, when she was a child. Her family drew water from the spring in the winter, when the pump at their house would freeze. She describes and contrasts her memories of life in East Chicago and Small Farms. She talks about her family's roots in Alabama and her grandfather, who was in the first graduating class at Tuskegee University. Part of the Spring at Small Farms Oral History Project. See the full exhibit here: https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home
Burt, Johnny (narrator), McIntosh-Burt, Exnar (narrator)
Summary:
Kay Westhues interviews Johnny Burt and Exnar McIntosh-Burt at Exnar Burt’s home in Gary, Indiana, on September 6, 2019. The Burts grew up in Small Farms in a family of eighteen children. They depended on the spring for their drinking water in the 1960s, and describe its significance in their lives. They talk about what life was like in Small Farms during that time, and how people accessed the spring water. They also discuss the history of Lake Sandy Jo.
Kay Westhues interviews Kristin Huysken at Professor Hysken’s lab in Marram Hall, Indiana University in Gary, Indiana, on October 4, 2019. Professor Huysken is an Associate Professor of Geology and Chairperson in the Department of Geosciences at Indiana University Northwest. She describes the Introduction to Earth Science class field trips she led at two local artesian wells: the Gary spring on Chase Street, and the spring at Beverly Shores, Indiana. She describes the geological processes that produce an artesian well, and some specific geologic features in the region surrounding the spring. Part of the Spring at Small Farms Oral History Project. See the full exhibit here: https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home
Kay Westhues interviews Pam Powers at the Lake County Public Library, Merillville branch, in Merillville, Indiana, on October 25, 2019. Powers grew up in the Small Farms and is currently a member of the Gary Food Council, an organization that is advocating to restore the spring site. Although her family did not rely on the spring water for drinking, she often accompanied friends when they went with their families to gather water. She describes the farming aspects and landscape of the Small Farms area during the 1970. Part of the Spring at Small Farms Oral History Project. See the full exhibit here: https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home
Kay Westhues interviews Terence and Connie Standifer at Macomb Community College in Macomb County, Michigan, on November 8, 2019. Reverend Standifer was the pastor at Pleasant Valley, Missionary Baptist Church in the Small Farms Community from 1981 to 1993. He participated in several environmental cleanup projects in the Ambridge-Mann community and conducted community outreach to help bring water lines into the Small Farms neighborhood. Reverend Standifer now lives in Michigan with his wife Connie. Part of the Spring at Small Farms Oral History Project. See the full exhibit here: https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home
Kay Westhues interviews Steve Truchan at his office at the Gary Bridge and Iron Company in Gary, Indiana, on December 6, 2019. Truchan is the owner of Gary Bridge and Iron Company, located on 37th Ave. near Chase St. His family moved there in 1950 and he grew up in that neighborhood, and his neighbors included several of the families who farmed near the spring. He described a second nearby spring, a period when the spring stopped running, and what the area looked like during the 1950s-60s. He talked about the practice of hunting and foraging in the surrounding woods. He also discussed how the spring and the surrounding land was impacted by drainage projects and Lake Sandy Jo. Part of the Spring at Small Farms Oral History Project. See the full exhibit here: https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home
“No children were really served in a community setting, in a public school, especially children with moderate to severe disabilities,” explains Pat Barber. Pat received her special education degree in the early 1970s from Indiana University. She started her teaching career at Stone Belt Center in Bloomington, Indiana. There were several classrooms in the building set up for infants to school age children. Pat describes what a school experience was like for a child with disabilities attending the Stone Belt Center. Pat was interviewed in 2017.
“No children were really served in a community setting, in a public school especially children with moderate to severe disabilities,” explains Pat Barber. Pat received her special education degree in the early ‘70s from Indiana University. She started her teaching career at Stone Belt Center in Bloomington, Indiana. There were eight to nine classrooms from infants to school age. Teachers were contracted by the public schools. The program ran year-round.
Somewhere in the late ‘70s to mid ‘80s, children started moving into public schools. Pat gives credit to families for pushing to have their children included in regular public schools. There were families and many teachers concerned if public schools were ready to provide the needed supports. Pat says, “I definitely feel that kids flourished. And one of the fears or worries that a lot of us had is that, can anybody do it as well as we can? They-- you know, people out there, they don't know kids with disabilities…I have to say in all my years of experience that they are. I mean, good teachers, good principals, good administrators are good for all kids."
After teaching preschool for 20 years, Pat became the coordinator of the school corporation’s preschool program. One of her roles was to support five-year-olds entering kindergarten. The transition process would start a year before kindergarten. Pat explains, “We had the most success when we lined out a very specific transition plan at least 12 months before that transition happened. And it included lots of visits. It included parents going to the classroom because they are so critical to help us develop a transition plan.”
Pat also discusses changes to the IEP process, experiences with home visits, assessment tools used in the classroom, and changes in attitudes. She says, “I don't know that I could say that there was one specific event or one specific law that changed. I think attitude started to change with the rules, with parents, and with people showing that kind of respect.” Pat was interviewed in 2017.
Pat outlines her motivations for getting involved with the youth vote, her activism at the time, the youth vote's path from Congress to Supreme Court to constitutional amendment, and the Nixon signing ceremony.
No matter the endeavor, Paul J. Caine has always found himself at the helm. His career has spanned a spectrum of media and major companies, including well-known names like Time, WestwoodOne and Bloomberg. He has held the titles of president, chief revenue officer and CEO among others, but he doesn't define his career as "leadership."
"I never thought about it as ending up in leadership roles. I just get very passionate about ideas and how to better serve people," Caine said. "When I see an opportunity in the market, I get very excited."
Today, Caine is chairman of the boards of video advertising firm Telaria Inc. and global marketing agency Engine Group, and CEO/founder of investment advisory organization PC Ventures.
He started his career in advertising at J. Walter Thompson after graduating from IU in 1986 with a degree in telecommunications and a minor in business.
From there, Caine moved on to USA Today, where he was the company's then-youngest-ever salesman. He did a brief stint at Psychology Today before he was recruited to join the sales team of one of Time Inc.'s most coveted titles: People magazine.
He spent over 23 years rising through the ranks at Time. He wrote the business plan and led the launch of Teen People, a publication that would become a major voice for American teens.
Caine later served as publisher of Entertainment Weekly and People, where he spun off titles including People StyleWatch and People.com. By 2011, Caine was executive vice president, chief revenue officer and group president of Time Inc., overseeing all U.S.-based brands, including People, Time, Sports Illustrated, InStyle, Real Simple and many others.
In 2013, he left Time Inc. to become CEO of Dial Global, the leading U.S. radio syndication company with an audience of over 250 million Americans per week. During his tenure, he renamed the company to WestwoodOne and helped orchestrate its sale to radio broadcasting company Cumulus Media. Today, WestwoodOne remains the largest audio network in the U.S.
Caine left WestwoodOne and joined Bloomberg Media as global chief revenue and client partnerships officer. He left Bloomberg in 2016 and has since devoted his professional time to Engine Group, Telaria and PC Ventures.
PC Ventures' investments include Blue Marble, an organic ice cream company that sells to companies like Starbucks and Whole Foods, and Wolf + Friends, a social networking and content platform for mothers of children with special needs.
Caine has a particular passion for issues related to families, mothers and children. In 2007, Caine and his wife started Griffin Cares at Englewood Health in New Jersey in memory of their son, Griffin. Griffin Cares supports families who have experienced infant loss.
"Pam and I always felt that everyone has the opportunity to help make other people's lives better. Griffin Cares was created to carry on Griffin's legacy and help support families in our community who have experienced this type of devastating loss," Caine said.
Caine is a member of the Advertising Hall of Achievement and the MIN Hall of Fame, and has been recognized with many industry awards, including Radio Ink's 40 Most Powerful People in Radio, the Adweek 50, Crain New York's "40 Under 40" and the Advertising Club of New York's President's Award. In 2010, Caine received the Distinguished Alumni Award from IU's College of Arts and Sciences Alumni Association.
Caine is proud to serve on The Media School's Dean's Advisory Board.
When so many of us feel responsible for and powerless against climate change, it can be difficult to assess which actions are effective. In this episode, associate producer Jacob Einstein speaks with Chelsea Campbell about the environmental app she developed and explores the relationship between individual and collective action in the fight against climate change
During the 1970s, El Salvador boasted a vast shrimp industry, and nearly all of the 3700 tons that it exported each year made its way to the United States. As shrimp was transitioning away from luxury status, few Americans were likely to give much thought to how the shrimp reached their plates. Fewer still would ever have heard of the story of Puerto el Triunfo – Port Triumph in English – and the drama of the shrimp industry's rise and fall. Yet now, with consciousness of food at an all-time high, and concerns about fair trade and sustainability much on the public mind, it is time to tell this remarkable story. Puerto el Triunfo is a microcosm that throws into sharp relief some of the most powerful forces shaping Central America, and more broadly, the obstacles facing organized labor worldwide.
In the 1970s, the 1500 organized workers of the port – mostly women – thanks to their struggles and to the profitability of the Salvadoran shrimp industry were amongst the more privileged laborers in the country. By the latter part of the decade, their hopes for a dignified life for their children seemed on the verge of realization. In 1980, brutal state repression eliminated union leaders or drove them into exile. After a few years, the unions reorganized. By the 1990s, however, the collapse of the industry had extinguished the hopes of the port workers. Our story reveals the internal functioning of the unions, including intense gender conflict and sheds light on their early forms of resistance to the neo-liberal inspired transformation of labor relations that emerged on a global scale during the 1980s. Often known as the flexibilization of labor, management typically has striven to cut costs by reducing the permanent labor force to whom it must pay benefits, employing a temporary, "casual," workers who lack fundamental labor rights. In 1987, the fishermen's union launched one of the longest strikes in the history of the world labor movement against such management tactics. The collapse of the strike in 1990 coincided with the demise the largest shrimp company in Central America. Puerto el Triunfo will attract viewers in part because of the raw power of the story and because the small-scale intimacy of our tale will put a human face to the impersonal forces of globalization, tropical deindustrialization and environmental decay.
Port Triumph was a finalist at the Central American International Film Festival and nominated for Best Cinematography at Queens World Film Festival
