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Bayesian analysis has become a popular tool for many statistical applications. Yet many data analysts have little training in the theory of Bayesian analysis and software used to fit Bayesian models. This talk will provide an intuitive introduction to the concepts of Bayesian analysis and demonstrate how to fit Bayesian models using Stata. No prior knowledge of Bayesian analysis is necessary and specific topics will include the relationship between likelihood functions, prior, and posterior distributions, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) using the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, and how to use Stata’s Bayes prefix to fit Bayesian models.
Chuck Hughes, executive director of the Gary Chamber of Commerce, describes how the Chase Street spring water was like a treat for him and other children.
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Community Use of the Spring for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Gary Chamber of Commerce Executive Director Chuck Hughes shares a short history of his familial origins and what it was like for them to move from the South to the North. He compares the environment of Small Farms to that of rural Mississippi and Alabama, and describes the topography of the area, noting that it was wooded and had dirt roads. He also shares that he and other children had a "very creative childhood" because they used their imagination and surroundings in their play.
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Growing Up in Small Farms for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Gary Chamber of Commerce Executive Director Chuck Hughes describes his childhood in Small Farms. He says that he and his siblings thought they were "living large" in a big house filled with extended family members. Hughes' family were avid fishermen and would sometimes host fish fries for the neighborhood. He says as children they had everything they needed in Small Farms, and that "we essentially didn't leave that area...until it was time to start school."
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Growing Up in Small Farms for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Gary Chamber of Commerce Executive Director Chuck Hughes discusses life growing up in Small Farms. He shares stories of how he and other children were teased at school for where they came from. He attributes this treatment to the dirt and dust that settled on their clothing during their walk on dirt roads to get to school. Classmates called them "farmers from the Black Bottoms" (after a nickname used for Small Farms). But he says they were proud of their origins and the place they called home. As Hughes puts it, "We wore it as a badge of honor."
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Growing Up in Small Farms for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Kay Westhues interviews Kristin Huysken at Professor Hysken’s lab in Marram Hall, Indiana University in Gary, Indiana, on October 4, 2019. Professor Huysken is an Associate Professor of Geology and Chairperson in the Department of Geosciences at Indiana University Northwest. She describes the Introduction to Earth Science class field trips she led at two local artesian wells: the Gary spring on Chase Street, and the spring at Beverly Shores, Indiana. She describes the geological processes that produce an artesian well, and some specific geologic features in the region surrounding the spring. Part of the Spring at Small Farms Oral History Project. See the full exhibit here: https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home
Professor Kristin Huysken, an Associate Professor of Geology and Chairperson in the Department of Geosciences at Indiana University Northwest, discusses the science of artesian wells. She says that the purity of the water in these springs is dependent upon the amount of time the water spends in the aquifer. "The aquifer itself acts as a filter," she says. "The longer time the water can spend in that aquifer," she explains, "If the pore spaces are small enough and you know it takes enough time to get through, that's good. It means you're drinking old water."
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Science of Artesian Wells for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Professor Kristin Huysken explains the proper conditions necessary for an artesian well to flow. "It has to be like...a sandwich," she says. "You have to have an impermeable layer...with a permeable layer between it," that filters the water. "The second criterion," she explains, "is that the recharge area...where the rain is coming in and charging, the system, has to be higher than the discharge area." Huysken then uses a diagram to provide a visual representation of how artesian wells work.
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Science of Artesian Wells for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Kristin Huysken, Associate Professor of Geoscience at Indiana University Northwest, discusses her use of the Chase Street Spring today. She leads field trips to the well to help her students "understand how geology affects them in their everyday lives and how they interact with their geologic environment."
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Use of the Spring Today for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
Kristin Huysken, Associate Professor of Geoscience at Indiana University Northwest, describes how she uses the Chase Street Spring to teach her students about artesian wells. She asks her students to observe what they see at the spring, and engages them in a conversation about the science behind it.
This was one of a group of excerpts gathered under the subject heading of Use of the Spring Today for a digital and in-person exhibit of the Spring at Small Farms Oral Histories. The digital exhibit can be seen at https://iusbarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/spring-at-small-farms/home.
"They was mean to me. And I'm glad I'm not in an institution no more.” Beth was sent to an Indiana institution when she was young. She didn’t have the opportunity to go to school but states she learned to write and do math. After leaving Muscatatuck State Developmental Center, Beth also spent part of her life at Madison State Hospital. Beth is happy she doesn’t live in an institution anymore. Today, she lives in a house with roommates and enjoys spending time at Stone Belt Arc in Bloomington during the day. Beth says of the staff, “They don't treat me mean. They're good. I care about all of them.” Beth was interviewed in 2019.
“It was the hardest thing I’ve done in my life.” In the 1970s, Bonnie Smith was having difficulties providing care at home for her adolescent son Brooks. After seeking assistance, it was determined Brooks would go to Indiana's Madison State Hospital. Hospital staff told Bonnie her son needed time to adjust to his new living situation and could not receive visitors for a few months. When Bonnie and her husband went to visit Brooks at Thanksgiving, Bonnie found Brooks wearing clothes that did not belong to him. Bonnie was informed his clothes had been stolen. “It was a terrible, terrible experience. I mean the hospital is a terrible place.” Bonnie was interviewed in 2013.
John Dickerson, retired Executive Director of The Arc of Indiana, explains that after World War II, parents across the country began to think differently about the future of their children with disabilities. In 1951, there was a national meeting of parents and other interested individuals that kick-started state organizations. The first schools for children with disabilities started in church basements. At the time, there were no special education teachers. Parents found teachers accredited in other things, but who were interested in providing educational opportunities to children with disabilities. The Arc is a national community-based organization advocating for people with disabilities. The Arc of Indiana was formed in 1956 when there were few services for individuals with disabilities.
“Oh, my favorite thing was we got the opportunity to take two clients to Tennessee.” Lori Nei talks about a career highlight as a service manager in the disability field in Indiana. As part of her responsibilities, she provided support to two men who both spent over 30 years living in institutions. In her 2019 audio-recorded interview, Lori shared some of the challenges in helping both men transition to community life.
“No children were really served in a community setting, in a public school, especially children with moderate to severe disabilities,” explains Pat Barber. Pat received her special education degree in the early 1970s from Indiana University. She started her teaching career at Stone Belt Center in Bloomington, Indiana. There were several classrooms in the building set up for infants to school age children. Pat describes what a school experience was like for a child with disabilities attending the Stone Belt Center. Pat was interviewed in 2017.
“No children were really served in a community setting, in a public school especially children with moderate to severe disabilities,” explains Pat Barber. Pat received her special education degree in the early ‘70s from Indiana University. She started her teaching career at Stone Belt Center in Bloomington, Indiana. There were eight to nine classrooms from infants to school age. Teachers were contracted by the public schools. The program ran year-round.
Somewhere in the late ‘70s to mid ‘80s, children started moving into public schools. Pat gives credit to families for pushing to have their children included in regular public schools. There were families and many teachers concerned if public schools were ready to provide the needed supports. Pat says, “I definitely feel that kids flourished. And one of the fears or worries that a lot of us had is that, can anybody do it as well as we can? They-- you know, people out there, they don't know kids with disabilities…I have to say in all my years of experience that they are. I mean, good teachers, good principals, good administrators are good for all kids."
After teaching preschool for 20 years, Pat became the coordinator of the school corporation’s preschool program. One of her roles was to support five-year-olds entering kindergarten. The transition process would start a year before kindergarten. Pat explains, “We had the most success when we lined out a very specific transition plan at least 12 months before that transition happened. And it included lots of visits. It included parents going to the classroom because they are so critical to help us develop a transition plan.”
Pat also discusses changes to the IEP process, experiences with home visits, assessment tools used in the classroom, and changes in attitudes. She says, “I don't know that I could say that there was one specific event or one specific law that changed. I think attitude started to change with the rules, with parents, and with people showing that kind of respect.” Pat was interviewed in 2017.
“We would get referrals from the workshops usually, and we would meet with the individuals to determine their eligibility.” Roberta Stafford worked as a vocational rehabilitation counselor for almost 24 years. Indiana Vocational Rehabilitation Services is a state and federally funded agency working with people with disabilities to assist in finding employment. Roberta describes the work evaluation people would go through to determine what help they might need to do a job. However, at the end of evaluation, people wound up working in the sheltered workshop. That all changed in the mid-1980s with the introduction of supported employment. The counselors were initially skeptical this new program would work. Instead of telling people what job they could have, counselors learned how to empower individuals. Roberta explains, "It's all individualized. So, you know, so we work with people to get them through that process so that they can figure out what kind of job they want." Roberta was interviewed in 2019.
“That was a huge experience for me,” Ronelle Johnson recalls of her term as President of Indiana Chapter of Black Deaf Advocates (ICBDA). “I decided to be involved in the Deaf community because their needs for advocacy was great.” Having lost her hearing when she was 18 months old, she attended the Indiana School for the Deaf in Indianapolis. There all her teachers were required to sign, which they did fluently. “That's when I started picking up more language, more signs, and started becoming more ingrained in the Deaf community.” In 2005, she joined ICBDA. The organization was started in 1991. Its activities include mentoring children, promoting their ability to express themselves, and reinforcing positive values. Ronelle has been active in advocacy for Deaf rights and working for systems change. “Many of the people in our group have experienced suppression and opposition because of being Black and Deaf.” Ronelle became ICBDA’s Midwestern regional representative and got involved at a national level. Ronelle was interviewed in 2019.
