451. The prison population (29:41)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program, an inmate describes fellow prisoners whom he has known and tells of the prisoners’ caste system, based on the inmates’ offenses. Criminologist Joseph D. Lohman discusses the prison community and shows films of the variety of prisoners within it. Mattick introduces statistics, comparing the educational level of inmates with that of the population in general. He also classifies the prison population by offense committed. With Lohman, he shows that the diversity of inmates proves the need for varied institutions to assist them effectively in rehabilitating.

452. The Puritans (15:13)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Bash begins with the story of the Puritans living in Holland, and their sorrow that their children are not growing up to speak English nor learning English customs. She tells of the elders’ trip to England, at the risk of imprisonment, to make arrangements for two ships to take them away. They plan to pay for them by cutting and shipping timber and furs back to England and sending fish back there. She tells of their voyages and their landing and their struggles with the Indians. Songs include “Lord Randall,” “Cookies and Mussels,” and “Wee Cooper of fife.”

453. The real princess (15:06)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Marionettes tell the story of a Prince who searches for a "real" princess to marry. One night when a storm was raging, a beautiful princess seeks shelter at his palace, she is disguised as a simple maiden. After dinner the Queen orders a room prepared for the maiden and puts twenty mattresses on the bed and a pea, a very small pea, on the bottom. The maiden discloses next morning that she was unable to sleep because the bed was so uncomfortable. The Queen and the Prince are convinced that she is a real princess and they arrange for the "Real" Princess and the Prince to be married immediately.

454. The Remembering String (15:04)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dora and Fignewton Frog tell the story of Freddie Firefly who uses a string tied onto his finger to remember that he has to get fuel for his lamp. Uses story board illustrations to tell his story.

455. The role of Congress (29:54)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses the duties of Congress including legislative and law. Points out the necessity for bureaucracy. Presents a brief history of Congress. Questions the current role of congress and how it has changed. Features Dr. John T. Dempsey, Professor of Political Science, university of Detroit, and members of Congress. (WYES-TV) Kinescope.

456. The Roots of Criminality (29:45)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Retraces psychosexual development patterns of personality emphasizing the psychopath and sociopath. Employs a series of vignettes to illustrate lack of affection, parental rivalry, sibling rivalry, overprotection and other child development influences with respect to criminality. (KQED) Kinescope.

457. The Second Baby (29:36)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses jealousy between siblings, how to help an older child adjust to having a sibling and if jealousy is inevitable. Dr. Maria Piers answers these questions during the program.

458. The Seed That Grew So Slowly (15:16)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Trees grow from seeds; some deciduous trees grow very slowly. Dora Velleman and Fignewton Frog use the peep-show parade to tell the story of an impatient young seedling who learns that there are compensations to growing up slowly.

459. The Shakemaker (15:00)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Bash takes a trip to the mountains to watch a man make shakes for roofs, in the same manner that shakes were made when the first house were settled. The method hasn’t changed, except for the use of power saws instead of chopping with an axe. The skakemaker fells an 85-foot sugarpine tree, then with wedges and saws, reduces it to shakes for roofing homes. He demonstrates how he uses the same tools which have been in use for hundreds of years, and how carefully he measures and splits the shakes to make even roofs. Songs include “Hush Little Baby” and “Knick Knack.”

460. The Sounds of Language (1:31:55)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this episode, Dr. Smith, Jr., explains how linguists analyze and classify significant sounds of language. He discusses phonetics and phonemics, the science of speech sounds and the study of varying distinctive sounds which distinguish the words and phrases of a language.

461. The start of schools (15:08)

Date:
1958
Summary:
This program begins before there were any schools in this country. Families taught their children at night after the chores were finished and in some cases a master craftsman taught young apprentices to read and write after work. The one room school house is recreated and the difficulties of supplies for classes are discussed. The Lillian Patterson dancers intersperse dances showing the play and games of early days. Songs include “Pretty Saro,” “Mary Had a Little Lamb,” “I Got Wings,” “Did You Ever See a Lassie,” “Little Sally Waters” and “As We Have done Before.”

462. The story of glass (15:13)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Bash Kennett tells of the early American glassmakers, showing rare pieces made by Baron Stiegel, Caspar Wistar, Amelung and others. She describes the method of glassmaking, uses the glass throughout our history, the invention of the mass-produced bottle and the modern use of glass. Songs include “Devil’s Nine Questions” and “Ghost of Bisal.”

463. The Story of Leather (14:50)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program Bash describes how the Indians in our country learned to tan the hides of deer and buffalo into soft wearable skins, and how, later, the white settlers adapted their methods, using bark, ashes and knives to produce very serviceable leather. From here Bash shows the process in a modern factory and traces the many uses of leather. Songs include “Bye Baby Bunting,” “The Fox,” and “The Tailor and the Mouse.

464. The Story of Rope (15:30)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Girls have skipping ropes, and boys use ropes to swing on, but they seldom know the story of the importance of rope, says Bash in this program. Bash takes children through the story from the early twisting of plants and vines into lengths, to the modern heavy duty ropes made from Abaca and hemp. She shows pictures of cutting and harvesting the Abaca plant in the Philippines Islands and tours a modern rope factory. She describes the famous rope walk of early rope makers, and the uses of rope by fishermen, sailors, farmers and construction workers. Songs include “Foggy Dew” and “Old Paint.”

465. The story that never ended (15:10)

Date:
1958
Summary:
This is the story of a king who offered a reward to anyone who could tell a story that never ends. Many try, but all fail. The King's herald, who is in love with the Princess, disguises himself as an old man and goes to the King to tell him a story that has no end hoping that his reward will be the hand of the Princess in marriage. His story lasts for over a month and finally the King decides that he doesn't like such long stories and grants him his wish to marry the Princess.

466. The Surprise Party (15:07)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) tell the story of "The Surpise Party" using felt cut-outs. In the story, flowers host a surprise party where they and all of their guests (others flowers and plants) will be surprised by having a family picture taken, as they are all related. Teaches flower and plant names. Dora and Fignewton recommend flower books that can be found at the library.

467. The task of the listener (28:40)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses the relationship between personality and communication. Explains human behavior in terms of the self-concept. Defines self and shows how it differs from the self-concept. Illustrates the way in which the self-concept controls acceptance or rejection of a message. Stresses the importance of non-evaluative listening.

468. The Tortoise and the Hare (31:01)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Poindexter and his friends tells the story of the hare who boasts he can run faster than anyone. The tortoise, who is slow but sure, takes the challenge. Certain he can win, the hare takes a nap during the race and the tortoise wins.

469. The Trial--The Case for the Plaintiff (29:36)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
See Other Contributors
Summary:
Documents and dramatizes a civil lawsuit based on an automobile injury case. Dramatizes the beginning of the trial, showing how prospective jurors are chosen and questioned to determine possible bias and how the jury is selected and sworn in. Presents both lawyers making opening statements to the jury, and concludes with the direct and cross examination of all witnesses in the case for the plaintiff.

470. The True Criminal (29:32)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Defines the characteristics of the psychopathic criminal, using film clips and tape recordings to provide examples of the true criminal. Shows three typical and less violent prototypes: the con man, the bigamist and the youthful car thief. Discusses treatment and prevention of the psychopathic criminal. Features Dr. Douglas M. Kelly.

471. The twelve months (15:14)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Marionettes in beautiful costumes and settings, tell the story of Marushka who is sent to the mountain in the winter to bring first violets, than strawberries and finally apples to her mother and sister. On each trip Marushka meets Father January and the other eleven months, who make it possible for her to find the things she seeks. Her mother and sister are very greedy and decide to accompany her to the mountains to find more apples. They do not heed Father January's warning and turn into snow.

472. The wise men of Gotham (15:18)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Hand puppets tell the story of a town named Gotham which was to be occupied by the Duke's army. The people of Gotham pretend to be very stupid, so the Duke will take his army away from their peaceful town. They are successful after playing many tricks on the Duke and his army.

473. Thematic Development (30:00)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dr. Jones, in this program, explains the tremendous expansion of the basic ternary scheme into “sonata-form” and illustrates some of the simpler means of thematic development in sonata and symphonic movements based on this plan. There are, he indicates, no limits to the skillful manipulation of themes in the hands of masters of thematic development like Bach, Beethoven and Brahms.

474. Three Sprained Feet (15:17)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dragonflies catch flies and other insects by cupping their feet together under their chin to make a basket. By means of the peep-show parade, Dora and Fignewton Frog tell of Dennis Dragonfly, who sprained three of his feet and found it difficult to catch food for a while.

475. Tiny Little Patch (15:09)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Host Dora and Fignewton Frog tell the story of a "tiny little patch of sky", and use charcoal and chalk illustrations to teach about the weather and the different types of clouds.

476. To market, to market (29:43)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses a trip to a grocery store to explain who gets the money that is represented by the spread between farmers and consumers. Questions are answered by a store manager, businessmen at a civic club luncheon, and by a speaker at the luncheon. Points out reasons for and importance of the "marketing margin." (Agrafilms, Inc.) Kinescope.

477. To young persons with active minds (29:45)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dr. Joel Hildebrand discusses the future of scientific endeavor and the qualities which help make a scientist. Explains why the young person interested in science should possess curiosity, imagination, drive, and a critical sense. Points out the necessity of an education in mathematics and the other basic subjects. (KQED) Film.

478. Tom Savage-Boy of Early Virginia (21:48)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
Clarence L. Ver Steeg, Ph.D., Milan Herzog, Encyclopaedia Britannica Films Inc.
Summary:
Dramatizes the story of a boy who came to Virginia as an indentured servant of the Virginia Company and was given to the Indians as a token of friendship by the Jamestown settlers. Depicts the boy's new life among the Indians and his learning of their town in its early growth.

479. Tommy Turtle's Snowman (15:02)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) tell the story of Tommy Turtle, using diaramas. Tommy wants to stay awake for the winter and build a snowman, and ends up getting helped by another hibernating animal, a bear. Dora and Fignewton then recommend library books and a trip to the library.

480. Tonal Contrast (29:36)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Explains contrast as opposed to repetition or variation. Defines tonal contrast as modulation or change of tonality and harmonic contrast, or the off-setting of plain harmony by color-harmony. Illustrates with a selection from a Bach cantata. (WMSB-TV) Kinescope.

481. Tonalities Old and New (29:28)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Again Dr. Jones uses Beethoven’s music as an illustration, explaining the composer’s humorous interplay of major and minor tonalities more fully. He also treats briefly the traditional tonal systems from the time of Wagner to the emergence of new tonal arrangements.

482. Tonality (29:27)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The psychological effects of various tonal patterns are demonstrated in the discussion of this topic. Professor Jones illustrates the varying characters or “atmosphere” of melodies based on scales and modes of different character.

483. Too much is plenty (29:16)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses a family discussion and a series of cartoons to explain the farm surplus problem. Illustrates how and why surpluses arise. Provides alternatives which might solve the problem. (Agrafilms, Inc.) Film.

484. Toys in History (15:20)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Bash Kennett shows some of the things which fascinated children of other times, taking a trip to see some dolls, stereopticons, books and bicycles of early periods which grandfather may have enjoyed as a boy. Songs include “The Devil’s Nine Questions” and “This A’Way.”

485. Treasures of the forest (13:08)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Shows the overall story of lumbering in the Pacific Northwest from the falling of trees to the production of lumber, paper, venier, and plywood. Surveying by aerial photography is described. Transportation of logs from forest to mill, sorting at the mill, sawing, salvage of waste materials, and production of newsprint are shown with emphasis on timber conservation.

486. Trial at Nuremberg (26:14)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Depicts the trial of the top 21 Nazis charged with crimes against the peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Uses American and Russian films to document this 11-month trial.

488. TV: Family Friend or Foe? (29:34)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Asks why children like TV so much and debates the effects of TV on children's behavior. Dr. Maria Piers offers answers to these questions and suggests how TV can be of help to a busy mother.

489. Two Accidents in One Day (15:20)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Both Brushy and Linda learn about safety the hard way when they are hurt on the playground because they have been careless.

490. Volumes of cubes, prisms, and cylinders (18:42)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
Delta Films, E. H. C. Hildebrandt, Robert Pruitt, Evelyn P. Anderson, Seymour Zolotareff
Summary:
Uses examples of everyday objects to develop the basic formula V=Bh for computing the volumes of cubes, prisms, and cylinders. Builds each concept, formula, or definition through use of live action, animation, and application to a situation.

491. Volumes of pyramids, cones, and spheres (17:12)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
Falcon Films, E. H. C. Hildebrandt, Robert Pruitt, David Wisner, Evelyn P. Anderson, Seymour Zolotareff, Delta Films
Summary:
Uses a combination of animation and live-action photography to logically develop the formulas for determining the volume of pyramids, cones, and spheres. After reviewing the formulas for the volumes of prisms and cylinders, the volume of a pyramid with a rectangular base is determined. This is then related to pyramids with non-rectangular bases and cones, the volume of the latter being compared to a cylinder. Defines a sphere and portrays a method of determining its volume. Concludes with commercial and industrial applications of these formulas.

492. Wanda Landowska at home (29:02)

Date:
1958
Summary:
An interview with famous, Polish harpsichordist, Wanda Landowska, in her home in Lakeville, Connecticut.

493. Water : sculptor of the land (29:25)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Wind, heat, cold, and rain combine to weather the rocks and break them down. But the face of our earth is molded and the decayed rock carried away from one place and deposited in another mainly by water. The deposits laid down by water, wind, or ice produce after long periods of time and under pressure, rocks which are classed as sedimentary. You will see and learn how to distinguish some of the common sedimentary rocks; limestone, sandstone, shale, and conglomerate. Each of these sedimentary rocks is formed in a different way; limestone by chemical precipitations, sandstone by grains of sand cemented together, shale from beds of mud or clay pressed and cemented into thin layers, and conglomerate is made of gravel or pebbles of assorted sizes cemented together. You will be introduced to one of the most interesting features of sedimentary rocks -their fossils. These records of living things are guides to the history of life on the earth.

494. Water pressure (14:32)

Date:
1958
Summary:
This program deals with water pressure. Uncle Wonder shows the various experiments that water has weight and that water exerts pressure in all directions. He shows why there is more water pressure at the bottom of the lake or can of water than anywhere else. He also explains that dams are thicker at the bottom than at the top because they must hold back more pressure at the bottom.

495. Weather Maps, Calendars, and Crime (29:02)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses folklore connected with crime, pointing out that a slight correlation may exist between criminality and the weather, phase of the moon, fire, darkness, and light. Uses vignettes to show how bad weather and dimly lit areas serve as secondhand causes of crime. Features Dr. Douglas M. Kelly.

496. Weaving and man's dress (30:20)

Date:
1958
Summary:
When man faced the elements of nature, it was through his ingenuity and the use of his hands that he was able to weave clothing for protection. This took varying forms, from the weaving of blankets to the creation of articles of clothing. Man employed different materials for this item, depending on the environment. This program looks at the basic principles of weaving, which are the same whether the end product is a simple or complex article. Angiola Churchill and Shari Lewis explore this area of man’s creativity.

497. Weighing air (14:29)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program Uncle Wonder uses a gram scale and weighs the air in a basketball. He also shows that air has weight by balancing two balloons, one at each end of a stick, and breaking one of them, the other naturally falls to the table.

498. What bones can tell us (29:35)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In the case of mammals, bones can tell us a lot. Form the extinct mastodon and mammoth, or the ancient horse, one can learn lessons about the development of the mammals by merely examining the teeth and bone structures these early creatures left behind. You will meet the mammals and learn about their classification and development by examining skulls and live animals. Six orders of mammals will be considered: the Marsupialor opossums; the chiroptera or bats; the Carnivora or carnivores; the Artiodactyl or even-toed (like the horse); the Rodentia or rodents; and the Lagamorpha or rabbits.

499. What does the word 'American' mean to you? (29:54)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
National Educational Television
Summary:
The panelists discuss what the word "American," in reference to a citizen of the United States, means in different parts of the world. Race problems and prejudices as viewed in different parts of the world also are dealt with by these four high school delegates.

500. What is America famous for? (29:56)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
National Educational Television
Summary:
The delegates discuss Britain's reaction to "the United States' humiliation in its satellite rivalry with the USSR" and what America is famous for in each of the representatives' countries.