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Presents the conclusions arrived at during the conference. Uses film clips of statements made by the various conferees to strengthen and point up the conference's conclusions. (KETC) Kinescope.
Discusses and demonstrates through film clips the concept of learning by reinforcement. Describes the shaping of behavior by rewarding of a correct action when it occurs by chance. Illustrates the nature of reinforcement by reward, the disappearance of a learned response when reward is discontinued, and the learning of discriminative and cooperative behavior. Uses filmed sequences of Skinner's experimental work with pigeons. (WGBH-TV)
Explains how learning is aided by the meaningfulness of the material to be learned. Points out how rhyme, rhythm, and symbolism are aids to learning. Conducts an experiment to show the relationship of meaning to learning. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.
Illustrates and discusses the chief causes of forgetting. Compares the theories of disuse and interference. Explains the part of retroactive inhibition and motivation in forgetting. Uses charts, diagrams, and examples to illustrate major points. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.
What is the role of unconscious understanding, in dreams, in poetry, and in wit and humor? It plays a major part in all of these. In wit, satire, and puns, the unconscious understanding contributes largely to the meaning. Humor often loses all effect if it must be explained, but rather depends upon immediate, unconscious awareness of the point. Prof. Boring gives many amusing examples from literature.
Discusses and illustrates perceptions of objects. Uses diagrams and animated film. Shows how the mind organizes objects psychologically into sets in order to understand them more easily. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.
An advertisement for Dairy Queen ice cream in which a family takes a road trip and the parents forget their son at the Dairy Queen, and they travel back to find him enjoying a sundae.
An advertisement for Knudsen Ice Cream in which a boy runs to the grocery store to buy the product quickly, and shows the carton to a line of people waiting for ice cream from a specialty parlor.
An advertisement for Dairy Queen ice cream in which a mailman takes a break to eat a banana split and laughs as a dog tries to perform tricks in order to eat some of the ice cream.
An advertisement for Knudsen Ice Cream in which a man waits in a long line at a specialty ice cream parlor, and a narrator says that Knudsen has the same taste and added convenience of being available at the grocery store.
An advertisement for Hood Ice Cream in which a narrator describes the product over scenes of fruits and other ingredients being prepared for processing.
An interview-in-depth with Barbara Ward. An analysis of the existing economic resources of the world; a pointing up of the great disparity between different parts of the world; and a suggestion for a massive transfer of seed capital from the west to the east in order to bring the world standard of living to an over-all high level.
Discusses the dynamics of ideas and ideologies. Suggests a cultural exchange with Russia in an effort to lessen world tensions. Features Dr. Harold Fisher, Professor of International Relations, San Francisco State College and host Dr. Huston Smith. (KETC) Kinescope.
Demonstrates through slow motion and natural photography the positions and movements of the "Hoosier Promenade." Opens with a group of eight dancers performing the introduction to the dance. Shows each pair of dancers, identified by a number, demonstrating the different parts of the dance and how each step flows smoothly into the next. Concludes with the performance of the dance to a record.
Demonstrates through slow motion and natural photography the positions and movements of the "Texas Star." Opens with a group of eight dancers performing the introduction to the dance. Shows each pair of dancers, identified by a number, demonstrating the different parts of the dance and how each step flows smoothly into the next. Concludes with the performance of the dance to a record.
In this program, Mr. Fitzpatrick relays that real understanding and appreciation is discovered and developed through frequent visits to the art gallery and museum. We enter an exhibition of painting and sculpture, move from one work of art to the other, at the same time discussing the particular aspects of each as they relate to various contemporary movements in the arts. With illustrative drawings done with chalk at a large easel, the points previously observed and discussed are clarified. The program's guest is Miss Stella Nardozza, Teaching Supervisor, Pittsburgh Television Teaching Demonstration.
In this program, Mr. Fitzpatrick discusses wood sculpture as an art form. Describes the tools needed for manipulating the wood. Demonstrates simple methods and techniques of carving. Explains the selection of wood, importance of grain, and factors which contribute to the finished art piece. Illustrates with examples of wood sculpture.
Discusses the transition in art from realism to the abstract. Explains the reasons underlying abstract and non-objective painting. Demonstrates important points with illustrations drawn in chalk and paint. Uses prints of abstract painting to clarify and develop a greater understanding of the artist's interpretation. (WQED) Kinescope.
In this program, Mr. Fitzpatrick discusses masks as a form of art expression, how they are made, and their uses. Describes ceremonial festivals, and the theater. Demonstrates the making of the mask in clay, paper mache, and bent cardboard. Explains how various materials such as raffia, paint, and metal are applied to the mask for decoration. Uses models to illustrate the artistic merit and effectiveness of masks.
Man learned early to read the messages of the footprint and the broken twig and the book of the clouds and the tides, as truly as though these were printed texts. Soon he began to make readable marks, blazing trails, signaling with piled stones and scratches on rock. Out of this came primitive pictograph for purposes of magic, commemoration, and communication. He talked to strangers in a sign language, the very symbols of which later were written down as characters. Simple pictures of these things came to stand for complicated ideas, as well as the things themselves. This opening program shows how very elaborate messages were early conveyed by simple signs.
Winnie Mae Crawford, Encyclopaedia Britannica Films
Summary:
Uses prize-winning dolls from an international fair in Italy to depict an imaginary jaunt around the world from one national doll exhibit to another. Backgrounds representing native environment of the dolls in their folk costumes give a life-like illusion. With a special musical score adapted to the camera presentation.
This stunning Pan Am Airlines travelogue of Paris and France was directed by Harry L. Coleman, and features images of the "City of Lights" from the late 1950s. These include standard tourist fare such as the Notre Dame Cathedral, Eiffel Tower, Versailles, The Louvre, Arch of Triumph, Seine River, Montmartre, etc. to images of everyday life in the bustling city -- with its cars, motorbikes and bicycles -- the bird market of Sacre Couer, and the Paris flea market. A visit to rural areas beyond Paris includes Brittany, the winemaking regions, Champagne, Mont Blanc and the French Alps.
Depicts a whale hunt in the Indian Ocean off the coast of South Africa. Shows life on board the whaler and events preparatory to the finding and killing of these mammals. Explains that whaling is an important industry centered at the port of Durban in South Africa.
Discusses the significance to science of observation and experimentation. Demonstrates with experiments the difference between observation and laboratory experiments. Shows and explains early laboratory apparatus used in developing natural laws of science. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.
Physicists and biophysicists find common ground in interpreting the oscillation of a suspended spring. It is a simple piece of coiled metal which pulses over a small pool of mercury. The spring and the mercury are connected to a battery. Both scientists agree that the motion, regular and seemingly tireless, results from a design embodying the principle of “positive feedback.” From the biophysicist’s point of view, the pulsing spring is rather like the beating human heart. More and more areas of agreement common to all branches of science thus seems, as Professor LeCorbeiller puts it, “too beautiful not to be true.” And if science is one in revealing nature, will it not demonstrate that nature itself is one … animate and inanimate, spring and heart, body and tone?
Presents an introduction of the series OF SCIENTISTS AND SCIENTISTS. Discusses the subject of science and shows excerpts from other programs in the series. Illustrates with experiments and mathematical problems the kind of thinking essential to the study of science. Features Dr. Philippe LeCorbeiller and Dr. Gerald Holton, Physics Department, Harvard University. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.
Discusses the relationship between science and common sense. Demonstrates the validity of the theory that "nature abhors a vacuum." Conducts experiments with water and mercury barometers to show the relationship of atmospheric pressure to the development of a newer and more concise theory. Features Dr. Leonard K. Nash, Professor of Chemistry, Harvard University. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.
Shows how man has learned to measure quantities beyond his sight and grasp. Uses diagrams to explain how the size of the earth was discovered in classical times. Examines modern problems of extreme scale including the universe and size of viruses. Features Dr. Philippe LeCorbeiller, Professor of Physics, Harvard University. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.
Uses charts, models, and diagrams to illustrate basic concepts of solar measurement. Explains the use of parallax in finding the scale of the universe. Demonstrates how to find the distance to the moon and sun. Features Dr. Cecelia Payne-Gaposchkin, Professor of Astronomy, Harvard University. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.
The Herman B Wells papers includes materials pertaining to Wells' family and personal finances, his activities in the banking profession, his work in Germany for the United States government after World War II, and to his research and teaching and professional activities as a member of the faculty of Indiana University.
Continues the painting shown in THE HANDS. Shows the outlining and painting of the cross, including the addition of the grain of the wood. Explains the importance of the cross to the theme of the painting. (KETC) Kinescope.
Continues the painting shown in UNDERPAINTING. More area is covered with underpaint, the head and face are developed through the use of brushes, and additional work is done on the chest area.
In this program, Mr. Goldovsky clearly demonstrates the need for close attention to the language of the written musical score. Through musical example he aptly demonstrates the use of the musical passage as a guide to stage production and direction. He gives a more complete understanding of the opera through recognition of the language of music.
Introduces as artist who begins the painting, "The Man of Sorrows," portraying Christ on the Cross. Shows the rough sketch which serves as a guide for the painting and discusses philosophic and artistic considerations involved in its execution. (KETC) Kinescope.
Explains the classical principles of learning by association. Discusses the work of Ebbinghaus and Pavlov. Presents the laws of frequency of contiguity and reinforcement by satisfaction. Illustrates contiguity, exercise, and effect. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.
Discusses human action and its causes. Compares voluntary and involuntary response. Uses a slow motion film clip to demonstrate the startle response. Concludes with a demonstration to show that voluntary effort has its causes. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.
Shows in detail what happens in a stimulus-response situation. Illustrates with a startle response. Explains the sensitivity of the five senses. Discusses the rods and cones of the eye and their purposes. Describes the type of response caused by muscles and glands. Points out the interrelations of the endocrine glands. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.
Illustrates, through music and poetry, the importance of interpreting the writer's tone of voice in deriving meaning from written communication. Defines tone as the relationship between what is meant and what is said. Points out that all written communication has some kind of tone. Discusses the reader's responsibility in reading the right tone from the printed page. (KETC) Kinescope.
Discusses briefly the scope of psychology. Uses charts, models, and demonstrations to explain how the eye function. Illustrates size constancy and distance in perceptions. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.
Develops the theme that the ultimate aim of literature is ethical. Defines the accent of literature as a characteristic way of thinking which reflects a particular manner of speaking or sounding. Points out that literature must serve a cause or purpose. Uses examples from the writings of Carl Sandburg and Mark Twain. (KETC) Kinescope.
Discusses the use of scientific method in psychology. Uses the moon illusion to explain the development of a scientific hypothesis. Shows how psychological experiments are solving the problem of the moon illusion. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.
Prof. Boring presents examples of instinctive behavior: Iron filings line up in a magnetic field; a cat rights itself when dropped; plants turn toward light; a person’s eyes blink, when an object suddenly passes close to the eye.
Prof. Boring shows how human beings can be “set” or “tuned in” to a special response just as a radio can be tuned to a particular station. The brain can be directed along a certain channel, which it will follow until that channel or “station” is changed. Once told to think of rhyming words for example the voluntary subject concentrates on the sound of words almost exclusively, until she comes to “month,” for which there is only one unfamiliar rhyme. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.
There is a definite reason for most of your likes and dislikes, says Prof. Boring. He shows how measurements of them can be taken themselves, examples of preferred experiences which are largely results of learning; for example, pleasant pains, dissonance in musical intervals, and cultivated smells. He reminds us that man is a behaving organism that tries to get what he likes and likes what he tries to get, and that his preferences are established by heredity and learning.
Discusses the collaboration between authors and illustrators in illustrating a text. Describes the problems involved and stresses the importance of the illustrator and the author working together. Defines an illustration as successful when it conveys accurately the ideas in the text. Uses examples from John Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, George Cruikshank's etchings for The Old Curiosity Shop, Rockwell Kent's woodcuts for Moby Dick, and others. (KETC) Kinescope.
Explains and demonstrates how the writer selects and arranges words to achieve proper placement of detail for meaning. Stresses the importance of understanding the relationship between the writer's roving eye and point of view. Uses examples from The Killers, Tom Sawyer, The Canterbury Tales, and the Iliad. (KETC) Kinescope.
