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Discusses burn injuries in general and new techniques and materials used by the medical researchers to treat burns. Shows patients in various stages of recovery from effects of serious burns. Shows researchers at the Brooke Army Medical Center in Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
Bash tells the story behind many of the sayings we use today. She tells of historical events and circumstances leading to the use of such phrases as: to pull up stakes; in the nick of time; lock, stock and barrel, and to fly off the handle. Songs include "Grey Goose," "Cockle Shells" and "Big Rock Candy Mountain."
Literary critic and lecturer on South African affairs, John Barkham interviews the distinguished South African author, Nadine Gordimer. Deals with subjects ranging from the effect of South Africa on the author's work and her attitude towards racial problems to her opinions of C.P. Snow. Reveals her opinions of America, of herself, and of her writing. Presents her advice for the beginning writer.
Employs dance routines and originally scored music to portray differences in marriage rituals of three societies. Emphasizes the basic motive behind the selection of marriage partners, the rituals that join them, and the values that guide their relationships. Compares Americans, the Bantu of Africa, and the Muria of India.
Presents several Southerners who advocate viewpoints and actions which are at variance with extremists on both sides of the civil rights issue. Interviews Governor Carl E. Sanders of Georgia; R. E. McIver, a businessman of Conway, South Carolina: The Reverend James L. Hooten, minister of the First Christian Church, Savannah, Alabama; Beverly Briley, Mayor of Nashville, Tennessee; and Eleanor Sheppard (Mrs. Thomas E.), Mayor of Richmond, Virginia. Indicates that the differences of attitudes and approaches to civil rights presented provided insight into a range of viewpoints which would add sanity and stability to the South in the present period of crisis.
William Daley and Shari Lewis discuss the capacity of man’s hands and the way hands in many parts of the world today still remain the primary means by which useful and beautiful objects are created to fill people’s needs. Pottery, as created by primitive people of the American continent, is an example of this idea. Several Girl Scouts work with Mr. Daley creating objects from clay, indicating the satisfaction which comes from creative activity. Mr. Daley demonstrates the properties of clay and introduces ways in which is can be useful by untrained hands.
Perhaps the original need for masks was for man to be able to disengage himself from his everyday life. He used them to symbolize that he was not “himself.” He was another being, human or superhuman, or even an abstract quality. He was able to satisfy two needs through the use of masks – the need for religion and the need for diversion. Miss Leadbeater and Shari Lewis concentrate on masks used for diversion and their counterparts in the modern United States – at Halloween and Mardi Gras.
Employs dance routines and originally scored music to portray the formation of human personality in three societies. Demonstrates the authoritarian, cooperative, and dwarfed personality types. Points out how personality types perpetuate themselves. Compares Americans, Alorese of the Dutch East Indies, and the Hopi Indians. (KUHT) Film.
Professor Joel Climenhaga interviews New Zealand poet, Allen Curnow. Includes a discussion of Curnow's poetry, which reveals the character, history, and folklore of New Zealand. Presents his views on the role of the problems involved in writing in and about a new country.
There is in the heart of every man the desire to express himself through the creation of something beautiful, says Shari Lewis. Whatever the motivation for making the object, the result is, in many cases, beauty. Woodcarving from many parts of the world is examined and provides an opportunity to explore its beauty.
Bash tells the story of the building of the missions in California and describes the long voyage made by Father Serra and other Padres as they moved north from Mexico. Life in the mission community is described. Songs include "Adelita" and "Sombrero Blanco." The Lillian Patterson dancers perform a dance of the period of the latter song.
Opens with an interview involving Nkosi, Soyinka, and featured guest, Achebe. Focuses on the craft and work of Achebe himself and questions whether he deliberately avoids passing moral judgment. Shows Achebe discussing the influences which have shaped his artistic life and recounting experiences from a U. S. visit. Closes with an examination of the traditional novel and a possible new African novel form.
Examines French African literature and the concept of "negritude," the idea of a unique African collective personality. Visits a classroom in Nyasaland, where the teacher-poet Rubadiri discusses Soyinka's poem "Telephone Conversation." Presents President Senghor of Senegal, also an admired poet, who speaks on the concept of "negritude." Closes with an interview of Dr. Fonlon in Cameroon, who discusses dangers facing African literature.
Provides a close view of Dorothea Lange and her photographs, enabling the viewer to share her deep involvement in her work and her philosophy as a photographer. Looks in on Lange as she prepares for a one-woman exhibition of her work covering the past fifty years and comments on the reasons and emotions that have moved her to photograph particular scenes. Represents, with her death in October, 1965, a memorial to her and to the despair and hope which she captured so well in her documentary photographs.
Indiana University, Bloomington. Audio-Visual Center
Summary:
Provides an opportunity for the viewer to compare the personality of Dorothea Lange, photographer-artist, with her work. Many of her photographs are presented; these cover various periods, such as the depression, World War II, and the growth of the urban sprawl in contemporary California. Lange is shown in her home as she states she is convinced the world is not being truly photographed at all today. To the present generation of photographers, she proposes a new photographic project with the cities of America as the subject--to be done on a scale comparable to that of the Farm Security Administration Photographic Project of the thirties.
Presents an interview with exiled South African essayist and short story writer, Mphahlele, who discusses the advantages and disadvantages of a writer in exile. Reveals that he feels he has absorbed both the European and African traditional ways of life but shows he remains gloomy about creative writing in a divided society. Discusses the author's autobiography and the impact of emerging African literature.
Walter Kerr, drama critic for the New York Herald Tribune, interviews noted Irish author Frank O'Connor. Mr. O'Connor contrasts the novel and the short story in relation to characterization, plot, and the time element. He discusses styles of the short story and appraises past and present psychological and subject matter trends in prose fiction.
Indiana University, Bloomington. Audio-Visual Center
Summary:
Provides a candid view of poet Robert Creeley in his home and introduces his poetry. Presents him describing the influences of other literary figures on his works and explaining his own method of working. Includes readings of several of his poems, such as "La Noche," "The First Time," "The Place," and "Someplace."
Indiana University, Bloomington. Audio-Visual Center
Summary:
Documents the life and work of William Carlos Williams, poet, Pulitzer Prize winner, and physician. Illustrates his work with selected readings from letters, poems, and the autobiography of the poet. Shows still photographs of the poet as a young man and in his later years with his son, also a physician, practicing medicine in the local hospital.
Provides an opportunity for the viewer to compare the personality of Dorothea Lange, photographer-artist, with her work. Many of her photographs are presented; these cover various periods, such as the depression, World War II, and the growth of the urban sprawl in contemporary California. Lange is shown in her home as she states she is convinced the world is not being truly photographed at all today. To the present generation of photographers, she proposes a new photographic project with the cities of America as the subject--to be done on a scale comparable to that of the Farm Security Administration Photographic Project of the thirties.
Indiana University, Bloomington. Audio-Visual Center
Summary:
Interviews Richard Wilbur and Robert Lowell (Pulitzer Prize winners) and explores their interests in poetic expression, and the origins of the ideas in their respective poems. Presents Wilbur reading "On the Marginal Way," "Love Calls Us to the Things of This World," and "Advice to a Prophet." Shows Lowell reading "Water," "Soft Wood," "A Flaw," "Fall, 1961," and "The Opposite House."
This is an excerpt showing one segment of episode 117. Presents critical comments and views of Asian scholar and war correspondent, Bernard B. Fall. Discusses the nature of the war in Vietnam, its effect upon the people, and the possibility of a practical solution. Includes taped comments.
Indiana University, Bloomington. Audio-Visual Center
Summary:
Examines several of Robert Rauschenberg's works, including "Oracle," a piece of "radio-sculpture," scenes from his theatrical works "Spring Training" and "Pelican," and a painting called "Barge." Discusses why, at the peak of his fame as a painter, Rauschenberg stopped painting altogether and how he feels about his art. Includes a discussion by Leo Castelli, an art dealer and friend of Rauschenberg, about the artist as a person and the significance of his works.
Indiana University, Bloomington. Audio-Visual Center
Summary:
Provides a close look at the work and creative philosophy of Sam "Lightnin" Hopkins, who has been singing and playing the blues for over fifty years. Recreates through the many songs he sings, a picture of "Lightnin's" life. Includes segments of his on-campus performances at the University of Houston and Notre Dame.
Indiana University, Bloomington. Audio-Visual Center
Summary:
Introduces the humorist S.J. Perelman and his opinions on a wide variety of subjects. Discusses the authors who have influenced him and the reasons why a writer must imitate somebody. Concludes with a talk about reading, F. Scott Fitzgerald, travel, and Nathanael West.
. Presents the pop artist Jasper Johns in an interview in which he discusses his ideas about art; interspersed with scenes in which he is working on various works. Shows some of the flag paintings which anticipated the pop art movement of which he is one of the fathers. Includes examples of his subject matter: taylets, flags, numbers, works, and maps. Depicts him working with encaustic medium in which the pigments are mixed with molten wax.
Explores India's most critical problem and examines proposed solutions. Discusses the agricultural crises and the social customs which interrelate with the population problem. Shows the educational strategy to control the size of families. Presents illuminating accounts of major aspects of life in contemporary India.
Documents and dramatizes a civil lawsuit based on an automobile injury case. Dramatizes the beginning of the trial, showing how prospective jurors are chosen and questioned to determine possible bias and how the jury is selected and sworn in. Presents both lawyers making opening statements to the jury, and concludes with the direct and cross examination of all witnesses in the case for the plaintiff.
Bash tells how the use of medicines developed and how people learned to use beneficial plants. She tells the story of the original pharmacy in this country and the modern drugstore ... from bitter root to sugar-coated pills. Songs include "The Apothecary Shop," "Little Mohee," and "Buckeye Jim."
When man faced the elements of nature, it was through his ingenuity and the use of his hands that he was able to weave clothing for protection. This took varying forms, from the weaving of blankets to the creation of articles of clothing. Man employed different materials for this item, depending on the environment. This program looks at the basic principles of weaving, which are the same whether the end product is a simple or complex article. Angiola Churchill and Shari Lewis explore this area of man’s creativity.
Once man had created the articles he needed for survival and comfort, he launched himself on a campaign to make himself more attractive physically. It is conceivable that, in his vanity, he turned his hand to beautifying himself even before considering some of his more fundamental needs. With Miss Brynner, Shari Lewis examines some ornaments created from materials at hand which help satisfy man’s universal desire to be attractive.
Dr. Conant and Shari Lewis gives a summary of the series, pointing out that man’s hands are the greatest tool of creative activity, that they have served to fulfill his basic needs and that these needs and this creativity are universal.
An important aspect of the agricultural revolution in nineteenth century America was the gradual transfer of the processing of agricultural goods from the farm to the factory. It was the building of a grist mill or a saw mill that began this process.
The fabulous story of the men who built the railroad to join the Atlantic and Pacific coasts is told by Bash Kennett. The struggles of the laborers in the west who battled granite cliffs in order to lay more track than the crews on the plains who had to import their lumber is told. Songs include "Midnight Special," "Down in the Valley," and "Drill Ye Tarriers, Drill."
Presents one view of loyalty and its importance in the measure of a man. Considers martyrdom, the relationship of loyalty to prejudice, and loyalty as self-protection. Questions which loyalties are the most important. Suggests an answer, but leaves the ultimate solution open for further consideration. (KQED) Film.
Evaluates the significance of the "sense of tragedy" in making a measure of a man. Analyzes the pleasure man derives from the tragedy of a fellow creature in literature or drama. Presents writings and documents from real life to inquire into the elements that make tragedy. (KQED) Film.
Examines the movies of the twentieth century for clues to the changes and constancies in American taste. Indicates that by the 20s the sentimental melodrama had given way to a new wave of frenetic frivolity, and the need for a code of self-censorship became apparent. Describes the recent sporadic efforts of independent movie producers which have resulted in a liberalization of the code. Points out that there have been some distinguished films despite a motion picture industry that continues to search for the lowest common denominator of taste.
One common denominator of our culture, according to Dr. Dodds, is the people's desire for self-improvement. Describes an early American institution that endured until the 1920s--"Tent Chautauqua." Depicts Chautauqua as a source of inspiration, education, and entertainment, reaching hundreds of towns throughout the nation. Pictures Tent Chautauqua as quietly succumbing to the competition of radio and motion pictures, but indicates that its modern equivalent may be found, in a more sophisticated form, in our Great Books groups and adult education seminars.
Discusses the competing interests or "factions" which existed as separate groups before political parties were organized. Explains that today these groups make themselves felt through competition with the parties for power and influence or by trying to gain dominance within a party. (KETC) Kinescope.
Demonstrates and discusses the techniques of bathing infants. The demonstration is preceded by an explanation of past and present practices in infant bathing and is followed by suggestions for treatment of such conditions as cradle cap and diaper rash. (WQED) Kinescope.
Shows and discusses baby clothing and pictures the actions of two babies less than six weeks old. General styles of various items of baby clothing are displayed, their advantages are pointed out, and minimum quantities needed are suggested. (WQED) Kinescope.
Describes the child in his second and third years. Stresses importance of play, vocabulary development, the nap and bed-time ritual, and the development of possessiveness and self-assertion. Shows some of the activities of children in this age group. (WQED) Kinescope.
Presents some of the aspects of the behavior and needs of the three to five year old. Discusses physical growth, play, likes and dislikes in foods, the acting out of roles, and the free flow of the imagination. Shows children aged three to five at play, and includes comments about communicable diseases, their prevention and control. (WQED) Kinescope.
Dramatizes a situation in which four persons, faced with possible death, reexamine their personal philosophies. An intellectual whose god is pure reason begins to realize his basic loneliness. An American businessman who must rely on cold organization reveals himself as warmly human. His wife turns from agreement with the intellectual's original view to agreement with her husband's new attitude. A German guide, a former Nazi who has lost the collective, totalitarian world he understands, leaves apparently to seek death in the mountains.
Presents a simulated on-the-spot television report of a Congressional hearing where a Russian deputy-premier who has requested political asylum in the United States is answering questions concerning his change of loyalties. To everyone's surprise, the reason for his defection is not disappointment with a totalitarian regime, but a protest against the regime's philosophy of peaceful coexistence. In a heated discussion among the Russian, Congressmen, and the Congressional committee attorney, many of the differences between the processes of a democratic government and a totalitarian government are illuminated.
Discusses the question, "Is science good or bad for man?" Presents a banquet in honor of a famed scientist at which his lifelong friend delivers an accolage to science in general and a tribute to the distinguished guest. Rising to deliver his remarks, the scientist expresses his deep fears that science may well lead to the decline of civilization. The scientist's fears are symbolically illustrated by nightmare-like scenes in which he despairs of scientific truth and man's inability to ever catch up with his own technological progress. Later, the scientist seizes upon the idea of the use of science for the benefit of man. His hopes are visualized in optimistic, dreamlike scenes.
Discusses whether the artist is free to express himself regardless of public understanding, public acceptance, or public rejection. Dramatizes the incidents surrounding a citizen's donation of a statue for a town square. The artist commissioned to do the work has fashioned a piece of iron sculpture which depicts what he feels is the horse's spirit instead of its outward form. At the dedication of the statue in the town square, the crowd voices mixed reactions to the sculpture. More and stronger objections are climaxed in attempt to destroy the iron horse. The donor finally removes the iron horse to his own estate where, on top of a rise, it dominates the landscape in splendid exile.
Host Lee Wilcox discusses the phenomenon of crying with University of Chicago childhood development expert Maria Piers. Examines motivations for crying, including physical discomfort, a need for attention, hunger, fear, and anger. Discusses approaches to calming crying that can either comfort or build independence in a child. A project of the Harris Foundation. Presented by the Childcare Program of the Institute for Psychoanalysis and the University of Chicago.
Dr. Maria Piers talks about teenagers facing the “wide wide world.” Choosing a career, whether to go to college or not –these are difficult questions which trouble teenagers. Dr. Piers suggests some things parents can do to help their youngsters and points out what some teenagers’ questions are.
Discusses the real and imagined fears of children. Tells why children invent imaginary dangers and how to deal with this problem. Also points out how to teach children respect for real danger. Answers questions from mothers and fathers concerning this aspect of child development. (WTTW) Kinescope.
Discusses the development of strong attachments on the part of boys and girls to the parent of the opposite sex during the ages of two to five years. Explains why romantic feelings start early in the young child and how parents should react to loves and hates during this period of child growth. Answers questions from mothers and fathers concerning various problems which arise because of the strong likes and dislikes of children toward their parents. (WTTW) Kinescope.
Discusses punishment and its consequences. Compares and explains both sides of the spanking issue. Points out alternative means of discipline and shows that children do respect fair punishment. Stresses the importance of observation and imitation in learning right from wrong. Answers questions from parents concerning the child who bites, who won't take a nap, and the problem of consistency in punishment. (WTTW) Kinescope.
Discusses the problems which confront the child, the parents, and the teacher when the six-year-old starts out to school. Explains what school can mean to the child and his parents, how former habits are dropped and new ones developed, how friendships are made, and the overall affect of school on the child's development. Tells what parents can and should do when problems concerning the school arise. (WTTW) Kinescope.
Contrasts the areas of the world where there is an abundance of food with the areas where starvation is a way of life, and documents the pattern which has led to the lack of an adequate food supply. Reviews the history of the food crisis along with attempts at solutions. Covers areas including India, Libya, the Philippines, South America, Canada, Europe, and the United States.
"How stable is their political leadership? How strong is their military power?" Discussion of Russia's political leadership and military power, and what that means for Russia as a country and its potential threat to the United States. This is the first episode in the series and is the first out of three discussing Russia.
One of Miss Fosdick’s key points is that England’s allegiance to the Commonwealth countries comes before her allegiance to her other allies, including the United States. A film shows two of the strongest factors in recent British history –the blitz of London and Churchill. It is agreed that our differences with England are less significant than the policies we have in common and that we can learn a great deal from Britain’s long experience in international diplomacy.
Discussion of Russia's industry and agriculture and what that means for Russia as a country and its potential threat to the United States. This is the second episode in the series and is the second out of three discussing Russia.
Discusses Guatemalan politics, relations with the U.S., the use of U.S. foreign aid. Describes the country itself and its customs and habits. Shows native clothing and handicrafts. (WTTW) Kinescope.
Surveys the political and economic evolution of Puerto Rico. Explains Puerto Rico's new political association with the U.S. Describes present Puerto Rican efforts to realize economic benefits through this new status. (WTTW) Kinescope.
Outlines Argentine history and discusses the political and economic climate, with prospects for the future. Emphasizes Argentina's problems and possibilities. Shows pictures of the land and the people. (WTTW) Kinescope.
Surveys the major foreign and other influences on contemporary American art and discusses their effects. Illustrates these influences with a wide range of American and European works. The influences are summarized as they are traced in three American paintings. Illustrative prints of works by Hals, Reynolds, and Stuart are shown. (Hofstra College and WOR-TV) Kinescope.
Explores the effects that societal conditions, geographic location, and moral pressures have upon artists and their works. Illustrates with sketches and prints the kinds of treatment resulting from various influencing factor. Discusses the influence on literature and music of these same forces. (Hofstra College and WOR-TV) Kinescope.
Considers developments in physics, chemistry, and psychology that have affected American art. Indicates that new materials, techniques, and subject matter have been provided. Discusses theories of perception, color and vision as they relate to the art of painting. (Hofstra College and WOR-TV) Kinescope.
Defines realism and discusses style, subject matter, and motivation with reference to realism in painting. Identifies and contrasts genre painting and illusionary realism and illustrates these with prints. A realistic portrayal of a landscape is done at the easel. (Hofstra College and WOR-TV) Kinescope.
Points out that genetic damage is one of the most serious effects of radiation and shows how the Atomic Energy Commission's genetics research program is geared to learn how radiation damages cells and what the long term effects of such damage might be. Presents Douglas Grahn, a geneticist in the Division of the Biology Medicine, explaining how radiation causes mutations and how these mutations are passed on to succeeding generations. Describes the work of Herman Slatis, also a geneticist in the Division of Biology Medicine, with fruit flies and induced mutations. Discusses fallout and its implications.
Explores the natural process of aging and the methods used in its study. Indicates that aging might be considered one of the deleterious side effects of radiation. Shows that since radiation injury resembles natural aging in so many ways, radiation has proved one of the best ways of studying the aging process. Points out how research on aging is conducted in the Argonne National Laboratory's animal quarters and in low level gamma irradiation room.
Outlines the principles that guided the work of the romantic painter and illustrates these principles with paintings and prints. Shows a landscape in the romantic mode depicted at the easel. Identifies romanticism as the beginnings of expressionism. (Hofstra College and WOR-TV) Kinescope.
Describes research related to atomic structure through which the scientist is attempting to discover the structure of the universe. Shows how particle accelerators produce intense beams of radiation which enable study of the structure of the atom, the nucleus, and the basic components of the nucleus. Explains how accelerators operate and shows one of the world's largest particle accelerators, the Zero Gradient Synchrotron, a $50,000,000 machine still under construction. Describes the sub-nuclear particles in which the high energy physicist is interested and briefly discusses the concept of matter and anti-matter.
Shows bone to be active, living substance, constantly remodeling and reforming itself. Emphasizes the importance of bone to the entire body as a supplier of calcium and illustrates the systems by which this calcium gets from bone to blood and vice versa. Effects of radiation are illustrated in photographs of bone cross-sections.
Describes the operation, principles, and scientific use of reactors. Shows types of research reactors make possible. Describes the Gamma Ray Spectrometer, the Neutron Chopper, and the new Janus reactor which is designed specifically for high and low level radiation experiments in biology.
Discusses Conservationism in America by Clinton Rossiter. Outlines the contents, clarifies terms, and assesses the author's position. Considers the techniques used and appraises the historical and literary merits of the book. Compares this with earlier work on conservatism. (Syracuse University) Kinescope.
Introduces the series and establishes some basic knowledge about radiation which is necessary for a clear understanding of the following programs. Discusses the meaning of radiation, its natural sources, and the various forms it takes. Using a variety of devices points out the difference between alpha and beta particles and between gamma and X-rays.
Discusses The Red and the Black by Stendhal. Outlines conditions in France that served as background for this novel and compares it with others that depict revolt against small-town ways. Considers the development of plot and characters and touches on the form and the treatment of ideas in the book. (Syracuse University) Kinescope.
How does the air cleanse itself of poisonous substances, including radioactive substances? Philip Gustafson, a biologist in the Division of Biological and Medical Research, and Henry Moses of the Division of Radiological Physics, examine atmospheric fallout and methods now being used to determine and study such fallout. They relate current fallout studies to man and to his environment.
Illustrates how the use of radioactive isotopes in the study of cell division and in medical therapy has helped man overcome disease. Demonstrates some of the many helpful and healthful uses of atomic energy.
For centuries men have dreamed of turning common elements such as lead and zinc into more precious metals such as gold and silver. Today, nuclear scientists are looking beyond this and are inventing new elements which are more valuable than gold. This program, “The Alchemist’s Dream,” looks into these new elements –like curium and berkelium –which were unheard of a few years ago. Using an instrument called a cyclotron –an atom smasher –scientists at the United States Atomic Energy Commission’s Argonne National Laboratory are making new elements which do not exist in nature. In a manner of speaking, scientists at Argonne are working in an “atomic shooting gallery.” Houses in a special room behind seven –foot thick concrete doors, a cyclotron bombards target atoms of curium with a beam of a special variety of hydrogen nuclei, resulting in the making of a new elements, berkelium, one of eleven elements which have been “invented” by science. Behind heavy concrete walls, painstaking precautions are taken in the manufacture of these new elements because of harmful radiation, a byproduct of atom splitting. Though these experiments yield only small amounts of the new elements, they enable scientists to work out their chemical properties. This research provides new information on how atoms are put together. It also tells the scientists what to expect when larger quantities of the new elements are available. Already, some of these man-made elements are furnishing the power for satellites and remote weather stations. A small quantity of one of the new man-made elements, californium, scientists predict, could produce enough energy to do the job of a nuclear reactor weighing several tons.
When properly handled in the laboratory, radioactive materials constitute little danger. This program shows the precautions used in working with radiation as well as the research carried on at Argonne to gain more knowledge about handling radiation. “Hot Caves” (a cave is a radiation chamber) using mechanical slave manipulators, caves using the only electronic manipulators in the country, and giant caves using heavy duty manipulators illustrate the safety methods mentioned. Another demonstration outlines the method used to dispose of radioactive waste material. Guests are Stephen Lawroski, director of the Chemical Engineering Division and Coordinator of Engineering Research and Development, and Victor Munnecke, assistant director of the Chemical Engineering Division.
Discusses the future in terms of the areas that now interest scientists at the Argonne National Laboratories. Indicates problems that are still to be solved concerning the effects of radiation, the peaceful use of radiation, and the dangers of radiation.
What fingerprinting is to the F.B.I., spectroscopy is to the scientist. Through its use, astronomers have been able to learn more about the chemical composition of the sun than is known about the composition of the earth. Spectroscopy is used in food research to find impurities in canned food and cans of beer; it is used to trace the origin of paint found on a car in a hit-and-run accident; or to determine how jewelry was made centuries ago. Just how does this technique work? It is a simple story as explained by physicists at Argonne National Laboratory. Yet its applications are extremely precise. The basic instrument is the spectroscope, which can be as simple as a piece of glass used to split sunlight into a “rainbow” of color or as complicated as a piece of delicate apparatus that can single out sixty thousand different colors and requires a room as big as a small house. The use of spectroscopy was extremely important during the development of the atomic bomb. Large quantities of uranium and graphite were needed to produce the bomb, and scientists knew that the very success of the project depended on obtaining these elements in their purist forms. Using a spectroscope, scientists were able to measure the purity of the valuable elements. They knew that each element emits certain colors in the same manner that each man has different fingerprints. Thus, scientists could “look” at two pictures of different samples of uranium and determine which was the purer, since uranium containing impurities gave a different color or wavelength when photographed and compared with photographs of light from pure uranium. Scientists have spent literally years studying photographic plates from the spectrograph to determine the frequencies of light from specimens of chemical elements. The measurement and interpretation is an exacting and time-consuming task which is important if scientists are to understand the structure of atoms.
Discusses the relationship of eating to the emotional and physical well being of the young child. Explains appetite changes, continued use of the bottle, demand feeding, and punishment in relation to eating habits. Answers questions concerning the child who refuses to eat, personal eating habits, food binges, eating between meals, and thumb sucking after meals. (WTTW) Kinescope.
Host Lee Wilcox speaks with Dr. Maria Piers about how adults and children can prepare responsibly for children leaving home for camp for the first time, as well as issues about children away from home in general. Features a "Peanuts" cartoon by Charles Schultz.
Mr. Peek suggests that the aspect of French politics most familiar and perplexing to Americans is the quick turnover of premiers. Mr. Wit states that this is less important than it seems, for through the rise and fall of twenty Prime Ministers, there were only four foreign ministers. A film shows French involvement abroad, toughing on French internal problems. It is agreed that France is an essential ally but no longer a first-class power. We should assist in bringing her commitment s into balance with her weakened capacity.
Mr. Peck opens the program by introducing a film clip which shows the raising of the free Indian flag at the UN. Mr. Talbot, Executive Director of American Universities Field Staff, explains the complexity of India. The discussion begins with a consideration of the Congress Party and its problems since independence, with references to Gandhi and Nehru. It is agreed that a real understanding of India depends on a knowledge of the country’s internal development. A five-minute film illustrates efforts to control malaria and the contrast between old and new methods of agriculture. It is concluded that the best way to fight Communism is to strengthen India internally, rather than press her to declare against Red China.
The task of today’s mathematicians and computers is to keep abreast of the fast-moving world of nuclear research where yesterday’s successful experiments can be outdated tomorrow. To record the progress being made in this complex field, television camera crews went to the Atomic Energy Commission’s Argonne National Laboratory where in the Mathematics Division men and machines are working daily to process the avalanche of data, the results of thousands experiments that are performed each year at Argonne. In this program, “Machines that think” cameras focus on the latest computers which in a matter of minutes can analyze and solve problems that would take a team of mathematicians a life time to work out. The program reports on computers that have such names as Chloe, Phylis, Engine No.2, and Analog. Chloe is a computer capable of transforming picture patterns, such as chromosome alignments, into numbers, the meaningful language of computers. In the study of radiation effects on chromosomes, for example, Chloe can come up with faster and more accurate answers than human observers. Chloe’s information, in turn, can be fed to other computers which can interpret the findings and “tell” the experimented the results he’s getting while the experiment is still in progress. Still other computers are capable of making adjustments, again while the experiment is in progress, while others can make “decisions,” such as interrupting the function of a main computer to “ask” a question about the experiment. There are other new computers which can tell scientists whether or not their design in experimental models, such as rockets or reactors, will work –even before the machine is built. This is accomplished by feeding the computers mathematical models of the proposed rocket or reactor and asking the computer to test them. Their answers can save scientists years in experimenting by trial and error and millions of dollars necessary to build experimental models.
This program stresses two main points: The internal problems of Japan and Japan’s position in the Far East as it affects the United States. A film segment suggests highlights of the history of Japan since World War II, and a second film clip illustrates the conditions of life in Japan, pointing up the great difficulty of such a small country in providing enough food for such an enormous population. It is agreed that the key issue of American policy is how to convert a defeated, completely demilitarized enemy into a strong ally against Communism.
