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Teenagers attending the New York Herald Tribune World Forum from Pakistan, India, Brazil, and England discuss their religious beliefs. Questions are raised concerning the origins of religion, the place of personal conviction, family influence, commonality of the major religions, and religion's role in preserving society.
In this concluding program on prejudices, the delegates stress some of the similarities between nations represented in the Forum group. These include Switzerland-Germany, common language and literature; Switzerland-Israel, multilingual country and neutrality; Switzerland-Finland, winter sports, neutrality; Germany-Israel, anti-Semitism in Germany, anti-German feeling in Israel; and Israel-Egypt, struggle to develop the desert, find water, be independent of foreign influence, and solve problems of refugees.
Documents Ansel Adams as he discusses light, interpretation, the use of different filters, exposures, ranges, and magnification, illustrating each from his own vast collection of photographs. The presentation centers around his demonstrations of various techniques to achieve given effects.
Employs dance routines and originally scored music to portray differences in personal contact between males and females as sanctioned by three societies. Emphasizes differences in opportunity for courtship, the patterns of association that emerge, and how these experiences relate to marriage. Compares Americans, the Bantu of Africa, and the Muria of Central India. (KUHT) Film.
In this program, criminologist Joseph D. Lohman states that parole is to many people only “a legal escape route” from the prison to the free community and he indicates that a parole system should be much more than this. The release of one inmate and an interview with a former prisoner illustrate the problems experienced on release. Meeker and Lohman explore current statistics and compare the number of prisoners who “go straight” with those who return to a life of crime. They indicate aspects of a parole system that will aid in the former prisoner’s adjustment to conventional society.
Introduces educator Welthy Fisher, her philosophy of education, and the environment in India where she works. Shows Indian teachers, trained in institutes founded by Mrs. Fisher, teaching in various villages with lectures, books, puppet shows, and opportunities for pupils to practice agricultural skills.
Discusses the special problems confronting the child with a chronic disorder such as hemophilia. Explains various types of chronic disorders and points out how social and emotional growth is complicated by a chronic illness. Tells how separation from parents and school, plus the medical treatment used, can bring on serious psychological problems. Stresses the importance of a wholesome relationship between the chronically ill child and his parents. Shows how educational training is provided for some children with chronic disorders. Features Dr. William Cruickshank of Syracuse University.
Inquiry into the farthest reaches of the universe and the awesome beauty of distant galaxies are illustrated by Dr. Sandage’s study of the galaxy M33 in the constellation of Triangulum. The purpose of the study is to re-determine distance scales to the most remote galaxies for clues to the size, shape, and age of the entire universe.
Forum delegates attempt to define Europeanism as contrasted to Americanism as they launch this challenging topic of discussion. Talk moves naturally into a consideration of a federated Europe and all five delegates agree on the desirability of a united Europe. In considering sacrifices of individual countries in an effort to achieve this unity, the German delegate points out the cynicism of his teachers about politics—the result of having to admit twice that what they had previously taught was false. Italian and French participants both comment on the lack of instruction in contemporary politics in their school systems.
Reports on family therapy, a relatively new and unusual form of psychotherapy in which a family is treated as a unit. Examines a middle class New England family undergoing family therapy. Uses a one-way mirror technique to record the candid reactions of the family. Follows their progress in nine of the thirteen actual therapy sessions.
**Part of the Mental Health series within America's crises
The future of Africa, discussed by representatives from Ghana, Ethiopia, Ceylon and the Union of South Africa, raises questions such as: Why is foreign aid necessary? Where does it come from? How is it best administered? What can the smaller nations do to help one another? Does aid imply dependence? What are the prospects for African independence? What are prerequisites to independence? What effects does education have on a nation as a whole, and on the individuals in the nation who are more highly educated than the rest? Participants: P. Tissa Fernando, Ceylon; Bizuayehu Agonafir, Ethiopia; Nii Tetteh Quao, Ghana; Marita Wessels, Union of South Africa.
The question of the future of Europe is discussed by students from Germany, Switzerland, Italy, France, and Belgium. Each of the participants has a good knowledge of European history and culture, and each contributes some very interesting ideas. The role of West Germany in a united Europe is closely examined, particularly the advisability of re-armament and re-industrialization. Much attention is devoted to the economic aspects of European recovery, particularly relaxation of tariff barriers, and the close relationship of Europe's economy to that of the United States. In this connection, some attention is given to the export-import policies of the United States. While much of the discussion centers on these economic and political problems, the consensus of the group seems to be that certain cultural problems must be solved before any lasting solution to these practical problems can be evolved. The tendency of Europe to live in its past is critically examined, and all of the group seemed more or less to agree that before Europe can fully recover, it must learn to look forward. Also, there is an attempt to evaluate nationalism, and possibly to evolve a new concept of nationalism. They all feel that the strength of Europe lies in its young people, and thus are anxious for opportunities to know one another. This is a most mature and thoughtful discussion. There seems to be little rancor, even between the student from Germany and the one from France. While all are aware of the great problems confronting them, they are anxious to solve them intelligently and fairly.
“American education is easy, lazy, and noisy.” With this statement four panelists, from India, Greece, Union of South Africa, and England, begin their discussion of American education. What are the aims of American education? Should education in a democracy be democratic education? How can a school system give students both a general introduction to culture and advanced technological training? Should everyone receive the same education? How are standards set for the schools and for the students? The debate centers around these topics and provides not only a new look at American high schools and colleges, but also at the educational systems of other countries.
Representatives of Japan, Iceland, United Kingdom and Denmark ask themselves, “Have Your Ideas Changed?” What has been learned, accepted, discarded by the panelists in the past three months? What value can be assigned to the Youth Forum project? How important was the strictly academic experience in their stay here? How can American and foreign schools be compared? What are some weaknesses of American schools? What effect does foreign language training have on students in various countries? What effect does the traveler abroad have on the people of the country he visits? What is the effect of an army of occupation, such as existed for a while in Japan? How can people learn more about each other?
Four students from the Middle East -Turkey, Israel, United Arab Republic, and Iran -discuss politics and policies in their home area in the following terms: What is the economic position of each country? Is there a Middle East “power vacuum”? Should smaller nations be forced to choose between the United States and Soviet Russia? What can these nations do to help themselves and each other? If aid, economic or military, is necessary, how should it be administered or distributed? Would an organization like the European Common Market work in the Middle East? Is the Middle East ready for the kind of unification Europe is thinking about?
Herald Tribune Youth Forum panelists discuss the relation between men and women in various parts of the world, as students from the Philippines, Japan, Finland, and Ceylon debate on: What has been the effect of “Americanization” on women in Asia, Africa, and Europe? Who should be the head of the family? Can polygamy be defended? What is the role of the wife? Might different kinds of family relationships be valid in different parts of the world? Should women have careers outside the home? Participants: Edgar Gimotes, Philippines; Yukiki Tamakami, Japan; Kaarina Honkapohja, Finland; P. Tissa Milroy Fernando, Ceylon.
Teenagers from France, Ghana, India, and Israel discuss the pros and cons of Americans education. Questions whether or not American education is challenging. (WOR-TV) Kinescope.
Teenagers from Korea, Norway, Sudan, and the United Kingdom explain their views on American high school students after visiting American school rooms. Compares education in the United States with that of other countries. (WOR-TV) Kinescope. 1958
Delegates from Australia, the Union of South Africa, and the Gold Coast discuss the problems of education both in the United States and abroad. Each of the delegates to the forum was the guest of a school during his twelve-week stay, and during that time, each had a good opportunity to gain first-hand knowledge of the American school system. One of the students attended a private school here, while the other two attended public schools. Like the blind men who "see" the elephant with their hands, and then attempt to describe it, each of the three has a somewhat different impression of school life here. However, each of the schools which they have attended seems rather typical of one trend or another in American education. In discussing education in this country, they deal with, among other problems, the question of objective as opposed to essay-type examinations, private and public schools, and the differences between the standards in wealthy and less prosperous communities. Both of the delegates from Africa seemed to feel that, while American students are fairly well-versed on the history and problems of Europe, they seem to know comparatively little about other sections of the world. The exchanges between the delegates from the Union of South Africa and the Gold Coast concerning segregation are interesting. Since two of the participants are from the English Commonwealth, it was inevitable that there should be examination of the educational problems growing out of colonial rule.
In all societies, children have a need to play. The doll, made in the human image is a universal toy. The puppet, made in the human or animal form, is another means of diversion for children, as well as adults. In some non-technological societies, puppetry has been developed into a high art. Shari Lewis examines the variety of ways in which man, using materials at hand, has created replicas of himself for fun and amusement.
Explains why opera is not popular in America and what changes are necessary before opera will be accepted by the public. Points out that modern operatic performances are in two areas--grand opera and new opera experiments--and that there is considerable variety in the different periods of opera. Presents an aria from the dagger scene of Verdi's opera, Macbeth. (Univ. Calif. Ext.) Film.
Discusses practical applications of nuclear energy in industry. Stresses the use of radioactivity in determining the age of the solar system, the age of an ancient site in Texas, and in solving the sewage disposal problem in Los Angeles.
Discusses the national party convention as a nominating device. Considers control of the convention, the convention as a "sane" method for choosing candidates, and the nomination of the vice-presidential candidates. (KETC) Kinescope.
This program provides the viewer with some highly interesting comparisons between psychology – in particular, Freudian psychology – and Tillich’s interpretation of man’s nature. The major point developed is the difference between Freud’s and Tillich’s definitions of anxiety. Freud, says Tillich, believed that anxiety can be eradicated, whereas I (Tillich) believe anxiety is an inescapable part of man’s nature. Although psychoanalysis is helpful to a man seeking to understand his own personality, it does not help him to come closer to an understanding of the nature of God. This latter is rather the province of religion, and man’s understanding of God is a direct result of his having faith. As the conversations ends, Dr. Tillich explains that many mental illnesses are caused by uncertainty about the meaning of life. To understand one’s existence, he says, one must have faith. This, in turn, is achieved by constant inquiry, doubt and anxiety about one’s basic beliefs.
Segment from episode 20 of Black Journal. Points out that discrimination within labor unions restricts minority membership, thus perpetuating the existing power structure. Notes that minorities in the New York local of the Transport Workers Union are trying to overcome discrimination by forming their own union. Indicates that although the TWU organizes on Transit Authority property, other groups are not allowed to do so.
Charles O. Porter, Blair Fraser, Zbigniew Brzezinski, and Saville Davis and Eleanor Roosevelt consider the inclusion of China in disarmament talks, the future of Chinese-Soviet relations, and possible changes in the United States' foreign policy on China.
Audience learns how to make an ant puppet of varying size. In the Make Do Theatre play, the story of Archibald Ant is told. After playing baseball, he eats too much honey and his stomach gets really big. After it goes down in size, he vows to never tell anyone what happened.
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) tell the story of the Caddis Fly using a "Make - Do Theatre" style, which requires the storyteller to construct the puppets before telling the story. Features the following books: "Let's Read About Insects", "The Pond World: Adventures in Seeing", and "The Adventure Book of Insects".
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) tell a story about a bat named Beatrice who buys a beautiful necklace but gets sick due to trying to sleep right-side-up so as to keep the necklace on. Gives basic information about bats and enforces the idea that sleep is important.
Breezes can move boats across water, lift kits to the sky and dry clothes. Dora tells a story, illustrated by shadow puppets of a little breeze called Blower who didn't want to play with his bigger rough friends. Instead, he sets out to make friends of his own, by drying clothes, taking a boy's kite into the air and by sailing some boats across a pond.
There are different types of pollen. Bees gather pollen. Mr. Robinson provides sketches of Betsy, a honeybee, who gets hay fever from one kind of pollen. She gathers pollen from another source and becomes the best pollen gathering bee in a contest.
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) tell a story about Cheerily Chirp the young cricket who wants to learn to play the violin instead of being restricted to traditional cricket music.
Dora shows the audience how to make a clam and a bird puppet. Dora and Fignewton put on a play about Clifford the Clam who gets a sore foot from jumping too high.
Hailstones grown in concentric layers because they pass through the varying temperatures of different air levels. With the felt board, Dora and Fignewton tell the story of a hailstone who lost his temper while trying to get to earth.
This is the story of a vain woodpecker who wanted to wear shoes. Dora and Fignewton talk about what woodpeckers eat and their habits are illustrated with shadow puppets.
Some animals adopt protective coloration for winter. By means of the peep-show parade, Dora tells the story of an elderly rabbit in the impoverished nobility who forgot that nature would take care of her "wardrobe."
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) tell a story about Jill the bee who worries about her busy work schedule. Broadly explains the variety of work bees perform including caring for larvae, guarding the hive, and gathering pollen.
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) tell a story about a reluctant root and the troubles that causes to its flower. Ends with a suggestion that children go to the library to learn more about gardening.
If a worm loses part of its body in time that part will be replaced. Using make-do puppets, Dora tells the story of on worm's adventures. Viewers learn how to make a puppet worm from paper.
A frog's tongue is fastened to the front of his mouth. A frog can catch flies while jumping. Frogs eat flies. Dora and Fignewton use the felt-board technique to tell the story of Freddy Frog who found that he turned somersaults when he tried to jump for fliest. One day he entered a contest with another somersaulting frog and became so nervous he forgot how to turn somersaults. He did find that he could catch flies while he jumped, so he was happy anyways.
Fignewton Frog and Dora tell a tale of Mrs. Spider, who helps a hummingbird get a bridal veil. Using the peep-show parade and a series of miniature sets with moving figures, they tell of some of the unusual features of spiders.
Pollywogs grow their legs and lose their tails as they become frogs. Dora Velleman tells the story of Polly, a pollywog, who is very vain of her beautiful tail. She snubs all her friends as a result, and she is very lonely. Finally she loses her tail and as she grows legs, she rejoins her friends who forgive her for being so vain. Fignewton Frog illustrates the story on the shadow theatre.
Dora shows how to make a penguin puppet out of a clothespin. The Make Do Theatre production tells the story of Percival Penguin who always lands on his head when coming out of the water. He has a special hat he wears and to keep it dry, keeps his head above water and in doing so lands on his feet.
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) tell a story about "Oliver and his Dignity." Oliver is an otter, and this episode features shadow puppet theater.
With Fignewton handling the make-do puppets and Dora narrating, this is the story of a butterfly, who because she helped her friends, managed to migrate anyways, in spite of her first intention to stay at home. The story show that many butterflies, like birds, migrate.
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) tell a story about a contest put on by the fictional magazine "Nest Beautiful" for the best picture of a bird's nest. They then recommend books about birds for children that can be found at the library. Includes drawings by Robert Robison.
Host Dora tells the story of Eloise the Skunk, a kid skunk who couldn't spray until one day a dog almost attacks her and she learns how to spray because she is scared. The dog asks to be adopted by her and she asks her mom and the familys takes in their new pet dog.
Host Dora shows Fignewton Frog the puppet how to make a star hand puppet and a cut-out fish to enact a play. She uses these to tell the story of Sayy the too-inquisitive starfish, who gets into trouble by being nosy. Dora recommends books on sea life.
Clouds are composed of water vapous. Mr. Robinson, a designer artist and illustrator uses the roll-around sketch board to illustrate Dora's story of the little man who always wanted to be able to dance on a cloud and how he finally did.
Dora and Fignewton Frog teach about different types of plant seeds including a milkweed, dandelion and maple seed along with a burr and how they travel and get planted. They ride wind currents and travel on a fox's fur until they find a place to land together.
Dora teaches the audience about how snowflakes grow in size as they fall through the sky. Shows how to make a snoman puppet out of a paper bag and how to cut out various shapes of snowflakes.
The home and habits of the koala bear are illustrated in this tale of the bear who leaves home to seek his fortune at sea. Dora tells the story to Fignewton Frog who manages the shadow puppets.
Host Dora (person) and Fignewtown Frog (puppet) narrate and perform a shadow theater shadow puppet show about a family of seahorses. While the mother seahorse is preparing for a teaparty, father seahorse takes the babies to the park in an old fashioned baby carriage. Father seahorse loses the children, only to finally find them hiding in the pocket in his belly. The hosts encourage viewers to seek out books about the seashore and sea life at the library.
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) make rainbows, raindrops, and puppets out of household materials to perform a play called "The Little Rainbow" in the "Make-Do Theater." The play tells the story of why people think there is a pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. They then recommend books about weather that children can find at the library.
Some birds do not spend the winter in their northern homes. Dora shows how to make a simple bird puppet and then she and Fignewton Frog use the make-do theatre to tell the story of the bird who was too lazy to fly south and how he bought a fur coat to stay warm through the winter.
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) tell the story of "The Surpise Party" using felt cut-outs. In the story, flowers host a surprise party where they and all of their guests (others flowers and plants) will be surprised by having a family picture taken, as they are all related. Teaches flower and plant names. Dora and Fignewton recommend flower books that can be found at the library.
Trees grow from seeds; some deciduous trees grow very slowly. Dora Velleman and Fignewton Frog use the peep-show parade to tell the story of an impatient young seedling who learns that there are compensations to growing up slowly.
Dora and Fignewton Frog tell the story of Freddie Firefly who uses a string tied onto his finger to remember that he has to get fuel for his lamp. Uses story board illustrations to tell his story.
Plants need sunlight, and this story tells what happened when sunbeam lost interest in his work. Dora Velleman tells the story and Fignewton Frog helps illustrate it at the felt boards.
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) tell the story of Tommy Turtle, using diaramas. Tommy wants to stay awake for the winter and build a snowman, and ends up getting helped by another hibernating animal, a bear. Dora and Fignewton then recommend library books and a trip to the library.
Dragonflies catch flies and other insects by cupping their feet together under their chin to make a basket. By means of the peep-show parade, Dora and Fignewton Frog tell of Dennis Dragonfly, who sprained three of his feet and found it difficult to catch food for a while.
Host Dora and Fignewton Frog tell the story of a "tiny little patch of sky", and use charcoal and chalk illustrations to teach about the weather and the different types of clouds.
Some of the habits and oddities of owls are brought out in this story of Mrs. Screech Owl, who felt her sight was failing and therefore bought a pair of glasses. Dora and Fignewton Frog tell the story by means of the peep-show parade and animated figures on small stage sets.
Rain does not always evaporate immediately after falling. Dora tells a story of some raindrops with the help of Mr. Robinson's illustrations of some raindrops who had a series of adventures on their way to a distant lake where they learned how to do the "dance of the happy spray."
Dora (host) tells a story about a hermit crab named Harry who is looking for a new house with his sea anemone friend. Despite looking at houses with modern amenities such as a washing machine and television, they settle for a large shell where they can continue their mutually beneficial relationship. Fignewton Frog (puppet) performs the story through shadow puppet. Episode also describes how to use the library to find out more information about ocean life.
Traces the history of the black American's participation in the armed forces of the United States, from the Revolutionary War to the war in Vietnam. Reveals little known facts about blacks such as segregation in the military prior to 1947, the first soldier to fall in the Revolutionary War was black, black soldiers were the first to receive the Croix de Guerre in World War I, and over 1,000,000 Negroes served in World War II. Points out that black soldiers have served in the American wars, whether they were accepted socially or not.
Dr. Gould and Dr. Odishaw discuss the idea of the IGY. They trace the idea from the suggestions that was a Third International Polar Year (1882-83, 1932-33) through its expansion into the largest international scientific effort in the history of the world. They present general observations on the geographic and scientific “unknowns” in Antarctica and some of the larger questions to which the IGY hopes to find answers in its exploration of this continent.
Uses film sequences of the second Byrd expedition, 1933-34, and recent film footage to show how technological advances have improved the work of the scientist. Explains how Antarctica scientists face problems and make adjustments unknown elsewhere in the world. Compares the two expeditions in transportation, building construction, living conditions, equipment, and food. Features Dr. Laurence M. Gould.
Tours Spanish Harlem guided by Piri Thomas, painter, ex-con, poet and ex-junkie. Describes Spanish Harlem, where two-thirds of the 900,000 Puerto Ricans in the U. S. live, as a home for "the forgotten people" and a place where children tire of living because they see no hope for escape from ghetto life. Pleads for understanding of this life of filth, narcotics, and crime which no people should have to endure.
Tells and illustrates the Japanese legend of a man who roamed the streets of Kyoto at night and took men's swords. He meets his match, however, and ends up the servant of another man. Demonstrates the brush painting techPiques used in painting Benkei and the man who defeats him.
Explores, through underwater photography, the three regions of a coral reef. Explains the relationship of the many forms of life to each other and their environment. Points out the factors, which affect the structure, growth, and survival of coral. Show numerous types of coral including the rose, fan, chenile, star, lettuce, brain, hat, and others. Concludes with sequences of the many kinds of fish which inhabit the coral reef.
Dance is a universal experience, and Miss Myers introduces the series with paintings, sculptures and film clips showing ethnic dances throughout history and the world. Following this, she presents the three major forms of dance – ethnic, ballet, and modern. To illustrate these, the Ximenez-Vargas Company performs two European ethnic dances. They are followed by Melissa Hayden and Jacques D’Amboise, who execute a 17th century court dance, the predecessor of pure classical ballet which is represented by the pas de deux from The Nutcracker Suite. As the French court and manners of the 17th century affected later ballet, so today’s social developments and conditions affect modern dance. Daniel Negrin performs an illustrative dance satire to introduce the audience to forms of the modern dance.
Anthony Tudor, the choreographer, and Nora Kay and Hugh Laing, dancers who appear on this program, are figures prominently associated with the new developments in modern dance which began in the 1940’s. Mr. Tudor and Miss Myers describe the changes in subject and mood which accompany this new dance form and the reasons for a retention of the traditional steps and positions in the new dances. The highlight of the program is a recreation of the famous ballet “Pillar of Fire,” starring Nora Kaye and Hugh Laing.
Recreates the excitement of the gold rush by showing the prospector's trails, their campsites and the gold rush cities. Illustrates with prints of the settlers, miners, and dance hall girls. Visits an old gold mining town and saloons. Interviews an old prospector about gold mining days.
The desert plains of central Idaho bore silent witness to many events in history – the coming of the Oregon Trail, the wars between the whites and the Indians, the events of the Old West, Today they are witnessing a change that is far more important – the coming of atomic power. On the lava plains of central Idaho is the National Reactor Testing Station, famous for “firsts” in nuclear energy. Here electricity was first generated from atomic energy and atomic power first was used to light a town. Principles of nuclear submarine propulsion were worked out in “a ship on the desert” in Idaho. “Challenge” visits the National Reactor Testing Station to look at a power plant of the future, a reactor that makes more nuclear fuel than it consumes. The principle is not perpetual motion. This reactor takes the part of uranium that is not fissionable fuel (more than 99 per cent of the total) and converts it into plutonium, a man made element that is a good nuclear fuel. Because the reactor “breeds” plutonium it is called a “breeder” reactor – Experimental Breeder Reactor-II. How this breeding is accomplished, and how fuel for EBR-II is fabricated by remote control, is explained in this program.
Precision and perfection are the watchwords of today’s Space and Atomic Age. Nothing can be overlooked everything must be checked and rechecked before the “go” signal can be given. A crack in a missile’s fuel line, invisible to the human eye, can be disastrous. A defect in an atomic reactor, while not disastrous, can mean costly and time-consuming repairs. This program examines “non-destructive testing”, a new-comer, yet one of the most important engineering techniques. Non-destructive testing is simply a method of examining an object for defects without destroying it in the process. It is unlike other testing methods such as automobile test, for example, in which the vehicle is pushed to its maximum performance before it ends up on the junk pile. The television cameras are at the Metallurgy Division of the United States Atomic Energy Commission’s Argonne National Laboratory, where scientists are using such non-destructive testing techniques as X-rays, gamma rays, and neutron radiography. At Argonne, neutronradiography is an invaluable aid to pinpoint what happens to uranium or plutonium fuel that sustains a chain reaction in an atomic reactor. The knowledge gained through this technique is important in designing the atomic power plants of today and tomorrow. Also shown are the ultrasonic testing methods used to detect imperfections by “bouncing” sound waves through objects that are being tested. One of these methods converts sound waves into electronic signals to show television pictures of hidden defects. The value of these non-destructive testing methods becomes increasingly more important as the tolerances become smaller and smaller for the new atomic reactors, space vehicles, and aircraft engines that are being constructed.
Presents Mr. Nkosi interviewing poet and educator David Rubardiri of Nyasaland and Kenyan poet Joseph Kariuki. Discusses Rubardiri's personal struggle as a creative writer in an emerging nation and the general state of contemporary African literature. Describes native oral tradition involved in African writing, discusses possible future forms, and examines how African literature is taught in the schools.
Examines the French-Anglo Canadian controversy and French-Canadian dissatisfaction with the Anglo-Canadian controlled country, and describes the economic, educational, social, and traditional factors that have ignited the conflict.
Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt hosts this program and discusses solutions to the Congo crisis with several guests including Adlai Stevenson, US Ambassador to the United Nation and G. Mennen Williams, Assistant Secretary of State for Affrican Affairs.
In this program Professor Woodworth explains the concepts of tonality (the musical key) and modulation (a shift in key) and their place in composing music. The relations between keys, and the use a composer makes of these relations is an element which must be understood if the symphony is to be fully appreciated. The program ends with a comparison of Haydn and Mozart, showing how their musical styles developed, and giving examples of the work of each.
A continuation of the discussion of sonority, in which a full orchestra—strings, wind instruments and tympani—displays the musical effects which can be produced by various instruments. The Cambridge Festival Orchestra performs portions of Haydn's First and 80th Symphonies, and Mozart's 33rd and 34th Symphonies, demonstrating not onlytechniques of performance but also how the instruments themselves contribute to the composer's musical structure.
A return to classical traditions may be considered the hallmark of Brahms' music, declares Professor Woodworth. Brahms himself is reputed to have said that music is a drama in which the only players are musical themes. To implement this, he reintroduced the use of counterpoint, strict construction and an intellectual orchestration based on something more than desire for sonority. These changes, says Professor Woodworth, are apparent in works such as his Third Symphony, which is used as a musical example for this program. Not only is this a new effort in musical composition, it is also an interesting use of a nationalistic spirit in music.
Moving deeply into the German romanticism of the 19th Century, the symphony grew as composers experimented with new methods of orchestration, and an increased expression of feeling and mood. Professor Woodworth illustrates this change as he plays recordings of Schubert's Symphony Number 7, and Mendelssohn's Symphony Number 35. The need to express intense subjectivity in music lead to structural changes in the composition of Mendelssohn's symphonies. This need is one of the key characteristics of German romantic music.
Examines trade unionism in Australia, England, and the United States and pursues in its comparative study what trade unionism has come to mean to Australins.
As the 19th Century progressed and the spirit of nationalism increased, this new emotion began to affect music as much as other activities. Here Professor Woodworth shows the effect of this spirit on the music of four composers: Dvorak, Mahler, Tchaikovsky and Sibelius. While they adhered to the standard forms of musical construction, they drew their thematic materials from sources such as folk songs and religious music to give their compositions a specifically national flavor.
The group will examine in depth the implications of coexistence between the Communist and the non-Communist worlds. What are the possibilities for lifting the Iron Curtain, increased trade? How irreconcilable are long term Soviet objectives with free world objectives?
Focuses on the United Nations' three Secretary Generals: Norwegian Trygve Lie, Sweden's Dag Hammarskjold and U Thant of Burma. Interspersed with film excerpts, photos, and commentary, the show also includes an interview with General U Thant and Andrew Cordiers, Dean of Columbia University's school of international affairs.
To begin a series on the symphony, states Professor Woodworth, one must start at the beginning, with the first movement of the piece. In the classical symphony, the first movement introduces all the musical elements which will be present throughout the four movements of the work. Using the first movement of Mozart's 34th Symphony as an example, Professor Woodworth explains the musical concepts of exposition, recapitulation and coda. He ends by remarking, "A symphony is a structure of sounds in motion in time. It conveys no specific ideas other than musical ideas."
A third kind of American musical composition is the subject of this program. Contrasted with the strongly emotional and nationalistic music of Harris, or the attempts at a resolution of the national-universal conflict in the music of Copland, is the music of Walter Piston, which, the composer explains, is "not intended to convey other than musical ideas." Professor Woodworth uses Piston's comment as a key to understanding his music, and shows by the use of visual aids and recordings how Piston has contrived to write a classical symphony in modern idiom. The use of orchestration, tonality and rhythm supports his efforts to write vital and dramatic music devoid of representational elements, says Professor Woodworth, and he demonstrates these points by examples drawn from Piston's Third Symphony.
In this program the new developments in American music are introduced through a study of Roy Harris' Symphony Number 3. Professor Woodworth interprets this music in terms of a growing American nationalism which express such American problems as the will to succeed, the desire for spiritual assurance, and the materialistic conflict in musical terms. Harris’ rejection of the techniques of Stravinsky, and his return to Baroque musical forms influences all of his music, and particularly this Symphony. Professor Woodworth plays recorded portions of this work to demonstrate some of the unique characteristics of this form of American music.
As the 20th Century opened, symphonic composers faced, among other things, a conflict between nationalism and internationalism. Still nationalist in orientation, says Professor Woodworth, are composers such as Vaughan Williams, while partaking of the new spirit of internationalism is the work of the composer Honegger. But despite this new spirit, the basic construction of the modern symphony remains the same as it was originally conceived in the middle of the 18th Century.
"The understanding of music consists in the responding to music in its own terms." This quotation from music critic Thomas Serret is the keynote not only to this program but also to the whole series. At this point, Professor Woodworth gives a careful and complete analysis of the first movement of Beethoven's Second Symphony. The separate parts of the movement --introduction, exposition, development, recapitulation and coda --are present in almost all first movements of almost all symphonies. Though the idioms or specific ideas may vary, this musical plan has survived for some two hundred years thanks to its symmetry, unity, variety and beauty, explains Professor Woodworth.
