201. Pirates off our coast (15:15)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Bash talks about the real pirates who operated in American waters in the early days. Stories of the exploits of Captain Kidd, Blackbeard, and others describe the kind of life the pirates led as they traveled on the high seas, and the various operations of pirates and privateers. The hazards of sailing with a fully lade ship, with pirates waiting off the coast to take the vessel were a very real and exciting part of the early-day sailing ships. The ballads of “Golden Vanity” and “Henry Martin” describe in song the activities of pirates.

202. Play in the Community (15:03)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Because “Robbie” the cartoonist for Fignewton’s Newspaper is ill, Fignewton asks Brushy, Linda, Skip and Susie-Q to draw the cartoon illustrations. They draw pictures of where to play and where not to play in the community.

203. Policy for a Free World (29:44)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses United States foreign policy. Presents viewpoints concerning the relationship of foreign policy to military policy. Questions the possibility of atomic war. Concludes that the most important problem today is the use of force. Featured guests are Mr. Hans J. Morgenthau, University of Chicago, and Mr. S.L.A. Marshall, Editorial Writer for the Detroit News. (WOSU-TV) Film.

204. Polly's Pride and Joy (15:08)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Pollywogs grow their legs and lose their tails as they become frogs. Dora Velleman tells the story of Polly, a pollywog, who is very vain of her beautiful tail. She snubs all her friends as a result, and she is very lonely. Finally she loses her tail and as she grows legs, she rejoins her friends who forgive her for being so vain. Fignewton Frog illustrates the story on the shadow theatre.

205. Polymers and Plastics (30:09)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses laboratory experiments to explain the process of polymerization: the formation of compounds in which chains of carbon atoms are linked together. Demonstrates the process with the making of polyethylene, bakelite, foam rubber, and rayon. Presents examples of polymers which occur naturally. (KQED) Film.

206. Polyphony (29:27)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses imitative polyphony as a basic principle of musical structure. Illustrates two types of composition which use imitative polyphony as the structural principle, namely, the sixteenth century motet and the fugue as heard in Handel's Messiah. (WMSB-TV) Kinescope.

207. Post Riders (15:05)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Bash’s story begins when the only way letters were delivered was in a sack of mail throw on the corner table of a coffee house, to be picked up, perhaps, by the owner or his friend. Early envelopes, quill pens, sealing wax are shown, and then the first rides of the Post Riders, through difficult forest paths are described. The developments in various of the colonies add stories of letters passing from plantation to plantation, and of sheriffs empowered to commandeer horses and riders to deliver official papers. Then came the first paid postmaster, whose job it was to receive mail and see that it got to the proper addresses. Stagecoach delivery of mail ends the program, with a model of the famous Wells Fargo coach, and mention of the Pony Express. Songs include “Green & Yellow Basket,” “Cotton Eye’d Joe” and “Yankee Doodle.”

208. Pressures on Congress (30:20)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses the effects of general pressure on Congressmen from a state, national, and world-wide basis. Examines the problems of lobbying. Features Dr. John T Dempsey, Professor of Political Science, University of Detroit, and members of Congress. (WYES-TV)

209. Prison idleness (29:32)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program, criminologist Joseph D. Lohman outlines the extent of inmate unemployment and describes the work opportunities needed. Filmed scenes illustrate some of this work and a prison inmate describes his employment experiences. Alexander and Lohman indicate ways in which lack of work and “make work,” active idleness contribute to the maladjustment of inmates. They discuss the results of an increase in constructive prison employment.

210. Prison inmates' code (29:30)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program, the clandestine system of communication and standards operating in many penal institutions is examined, and illustrated with film clips of inmates passing information to each other without the administration’s knowledge. One inmate describes how the prisoners’ credo is established and maintained. Lohman and Gagnon discuss the “Grapevine,” the verbal contact of prisoners, and explain “kangaroo court,” used by the prisoners to maintain “law and order,” as they see it. Lohman points out that these things must be recognized as existing if administrators are to operate efficiently.

211. Public myths about prisons (29:39)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program, criminologist Joseph D. Lohman contrasts the public’s attitude and desires for penal institutions with the current knowledge of the social sciences. With Kenyon Scudder, he explains the facts which would disprove existing myths, such as “The way to deal with prisoners is to treat them rough” and “Anybody can run a prison.” Film clips illustrate the unreasonable penal practices that are a product of these myths. An Interviewed prisoner brings out his experiences under such systems.

212. Pure Science and Applied Science (29:28)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Explains how an understanding of pure science can lead to applied science. Demonstrates this relationship by reviewing a theory of heath and how it led to a number of inventions: smokeless fireplaces, new types of stoves, pressure cookers, and drip-style coffee pots. Features Dr. Sanborn C. Brown, Professor of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.

213. Puss and boots (15:14)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Marionettes are used to tell the delightful age-old story of the cat who wore boots when he visited the King for his Master. Puss told the King that his Master was the Marquis and presented him with his favorite good rabbit. The King invites the Marquis to visit him. Puss tells a servant at the Ogre’s castle to tell the King that all the land around the castle belongs to the Marquis. The Ogre is tricked into changing himself into a mouse which Puss quickly eats. The Marquis goes to the castle, meets the King and the Princess. The Princess and the Marquis fall in love and are married and live happily ever after.

214. Quiz program--summary (29:33)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dr. Joel Hildebrand reviews the important concepts of the preceding programs through questions and answers. Touches briefly on such concepts as the "law of survival," "law of averages," intelligence, and the criteria of scientific judgement. (KQED) Film.

215. Radioactivity (27:21)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The causes of radioactivity, how it is detected, measured and controlled are noted by Dr. Warren F. Witzig and guest Edward Sanford. They also demonstrate the instability of energy and discuss the different types of radiation. Sanford explains the meaning of alpha, beta and gamma rays and explores the uses and dangers of radioactivity.

216. Railroads (14:36)

Date:
1958
Summary:
After looking at the first railroad engine, the Tom Thumb, and the De Witt Clinton, and seeing an engine in a race with a horse, wherein the horse won, Bash climbs aboard a real engine of the early days, and has a ride. She shows how the engine worked, and even mounts to the cab to throw wood in the firebox, and handle the throttle. The engine is the “Genoa, #12,” of the Virginia & Truckee Railroad, which hauled millions of dollars’ worth of gold from the Comstock Lode in Nevada. Songs include “Puffer Belly,” “Casey Jones,” and “Little Red Caboose.”

217. Rain (15:11)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Explains how rain if formed. Demonstrates how water vapor gets into the air, collects as clouds, and drops as rain. (WCET) Kinescope.

218. Rapunzel (14:32)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Marionettes are used to tell the story of a wife who longed for some rapunzels (cross turnips and rutabagas) which grow in a witch's yard. The husband agrees to give the witch his first child in exchange for the rapunzels, but does not tell his wife of this. Their first child is born and the witch comes for her and takes the child away to a tower and names the child Rapunzel.

219. Reactor types (29:14)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses and demonstrates different types of nuclear reactors. Explains the fission process and how it is used and controlled in a reactor. Illustrates three basic reactor types and points out their advantages and functions.

220. Refraction (15:01)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses demonstrations to explain the principle of light refraction. Illustrates with a penicle in water and a magnifying glass. Shows an optical illusion and tells how it happens. (WCET) Kinescope.

221. Religious freedom (29:30)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses religion as a force of individual freedom. Stresses the theses that the family is the core of freedom and freedom can be found only in obedience. Featured guests are the Reverend John Courtney Murray, S.J., Woodstock College, the Right Reverend Stephan J. Bayne, JR., Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Olympia, Washington, and Barbara Ward, Editor of THE ECONOMIST. (WOSU-TV) Film.

222. Reptiles of today (29:29)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Modern reptiles have body structures and characteristics much like their giant ancestors of long ago. This will be an introduction to the contemporary reptiles, the ones living now which we can watch and observe and study. On this program, Meyer Bornstein, who is studying biology at Northeastern University, will introduce through living examples the four kinds of reptiles; alligators, lizard, snakes and turtles. He will tell you about their habits, and show you how he cares for and learns from reptiles as pets.

223. Research in Depth (30:03)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses charts, pictures, and specimens to explain how the geologist discovers what lies beneath the earth's surface. Shows how earthquakes provide information about the interior construction of the earth. Tells how examination of effects at the surface of the earth provides a picture of what lies below. Demonstrates and discusses the instruments used to provide knowledge upon which the geologist can theorize. Features Dr. Kirtley F. Mather, Professor of Geology, Harvard University. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.

224. Retreat from reality (29:39)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Continues the discussion of hypnosis from the preceding program, "HYPNOSIS." Explains hypnotism as an interpersonal reaction between the hypnotist and the subject. Points out how hypnotism functions in relation to sensitivity, anesthesia, action, rigidity, amnesia, hypermnesia, contradiction, and post-hypnotic suggestion. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.

225. Rhythmic Extensions (29:43)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The exciting topic of “stretching time” is explained by Professor Jones in this program. Devices used for continuity without change of character in the music include postponement or avoidance of cadences and extension and overlapping of phrases. To the commentator this is truly the most “exciting” area of music appreciation.

226. Riverboats and Keelboats (15:08)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Early use of rivers is described, form the Indian canoe of hollowed log to the flatboats and keelboats of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Bash tells of the importance of water transportation, of families building flatboats and traveling down the currents with even their cows and chickens aboard, and she shows the ways the keelboats were propelled upstream by sweeps and by men with tow ropes walking along the banks. Cargoes of wheat, corn, animal skins and log rafts are related in their importance to the lives of the people. Songs include “Sewanee River,” “Shenandoah,” and “Old Woman.”

227. Roads and Wagons (15:10)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The interesting development of roads, from a path through the forest which a horse could scarcely travel, on through the building of the roads which led westward, and which were used by the huge Conestoga Wagons for hauling freight. A model of the Conestoga Wagon is shown, and models of the various kings of roads, those made of logs, those of boards, and later the McAdam Road. The building of the Cumberland Road is described, and the life which centered around those who used the roads depicted. The early toll road is mentioned, and a tie-in made with the Turnpike of today. Song material includes, “Goin’ Down the Road Feelin’ Bad,” “On Top of Old Smoky,” and “Low-Backed Car.”

228. Roosters (29:42)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Illustrates the techniques involved in drawing roosters. Depicts the rooster in several poses: looking "over his shoulder" and feeding. Explains various beliefs of the Japanese concerning the rooster. (KQED) Kinescope.

229. Roots of prejudice : in the nursery (29:42)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
National Educational Television
Summary:
Teenagers from Malaya, Philippines, Greece, Iceland, Thailand, and Turkey discuss prejudices within their own countries and toward others. Criticism is made of the American soldier and tourist as representatives of the United States. Presents comments on Russia as a current problem source and the effect of tradition and war in stimulating prejudice. (WOR-TV) Kinescope.

230. Routes to Gold (15:26)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Bash describes the three ways there were to get to California when the nation was excited about the gold found there, 1848-49. The use of the covered wagon, and “Prairie Schooner” is described, including information that it was shaped as it was so it could float across the rivers that had to be crossed. The route of taking a ship to Panama, then crossing the swampy Isthmus on foot is described, and then the third way, that of taking the long and dangerous trip by ship all the way around Cape Horn. Maps and authentic pictures illustrate the material, and a model of the record breaking Clipper Ship, “The Flying Cloud” is shown. Songs include “She’ll Be Comin’ Round the Mountain,” “Let the Rest of the World Go By,” and “Sacramento.”

231. Sailing Ship Balclutha (15:09)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Bash describes the rugged life aboard an early day sailing vessel … the various chores of the crews, and the romance of sailing to faraway ports in search of cargoes. On film, Bash goes aboard the ship Blaclutha, showing the rigging, the tall masts, how the sailors climbed to the yardarms, and how they paced around the capstan, to pull up the heavy anchor chain. She visits the crew’s quarters, and demonstrates the various kinds of “scrimshaw,” the sailors’ handiwork of carving whalebone, knotting ropes for decoration, and making model ships.

232. Sally Starfish (15:09)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Host Dora shows Fignewton Frog the puppet how to make a star hand puppet and a cut-out fish to enact a play. She uses these to tell the story of Sayy the too-inquisitive starfish, who gets into trouble by being nosy. Dora recommends books on sea life.

233. School: The Melting Pot (29:45)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses the problems and rewards presented by the integrated school. Explains how the integrated school can, through constructive experiences, provide an opportunity for children to learn about problems they must eventually face. Answers questions concerning race and minority group prejudice, formation of undesirable manners and language, and the prevention od delinquency. (WTTW) Kinescope.

234. Science and Non-Science (29:47)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Explains the difference between scientific and non-scientific endeavor. Examines various areas such as flying saucers, astrology, and weather predictions to point out how these problems are approached from a scientific and non-scientific point of view. Features Dr. Harlow Shapley, Professor of Astronomy, Harvard University. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.

235. Science and Whole Numbers (30:08)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Explains the role of whole numbers in understanding the organization of the physical universe. Uses non-mathematical props, such as rock crystals, to point up the arithmetic nature of basic discoveries in science. Tells how whole numbers limit the knowable universe around us. Features Dr. Philippe LeCorbeiller, Professor of Applied Physics, Harvard University. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.

236. Scientific forecasting (29:40)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dr. Joel Hildebrand discusses the importance of scientific forecasting. Compares forecasting through astrology, palmistry, "Laws of average," and the "business cycle" with the scientific methods of valid theory and statistical evaluation. (KQED) Film.

237. Scientists and people (29:32)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dr. Joel Hildebrand discusses the role of the scientist in society. Indicates why a broad acquaintance with science is essential for the educated man. (KQED) Film.

238. Seals (15:12)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Tells the story of the seal. Describes his habits, sociability, and use at the zoo. Shows a seal rookery.

239. Seasonal Workers (14:56)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The movement of traveling farmers, who follow the crops around the country, picking them as they ripen at different times in various areas is described in this program. The beginnings of the seasonal worker, when the land for farming for one’s self became difficult to find, start the story. It carries on through the possibility of following various crops all over the country, moving from one to another as they ripen. The ripening of cotton, apples, onions, tomatoes, strawberries and various others are shown on a large map, and the travels of the seasonal worker depicted on an animated visual. Songs include, “Chilly Winds,” “He’s Gone Away,” and “The Big Rock Candy Mountain.”

240. Second Half of Literature Contest (15:07)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The children have to write their own story for a second part of the contest. Susie-Q decides to tell the story of how her kitten finally got to the cat show and won a prize.

241. Second Half of Music Contest (15:19)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In the second part of the music contest, the children do a square dance and act out a folk song in competition. They learn about music as a means of self-expression.

242. Shadows (15:04)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses demonstrations to explain shadows. Illustrates materials that cast shadows and others that do not. Shows how to make a sun clock. (WCET) Kinescope.

243. Shearing time (15:17)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Tells the story of sheep shearing. Explains the importance of wool. Discusses the wool raising business of today. Shows how sheep shearing is done.

244. Shopping (15:12)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Bash takes a trip to an old general store, driving up in a buggy as the early settler might have done. In the store she shops for old-time items and tells of their uses. She gets coffee from a big red coffee grinder and her meat is chopped in an old-fashioned hand cranked meat chopper. The stove and the “TV of the early day,” the stereopticon, are observed. Songs include “Blue Tail Fly” and “Bought Me a Cat.”

245. Simpleton (15:12)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Simpleton dreams of living in a palace. He takes the silver coin his mother has given him and sets out to seek his fortune. One day on the road, he meets a man with a goose and buys the goose to give the King. Two guards at the palace refuse to let Simpleton see the King until he promises to give them half of what the King gives him for the goose. The King is very pleased with the goose and asks Simpleton what he wants in return. Simpleton replies he wants a beating. When the King asks his reason for such a reward, Simpleton tells him of his treatment by the guards. The King orders the guards out of the palace and appoints Simpleton as a Royal member of the guard.

247. Sing hi... sing lo. Alaska (14:39)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
See Other Contributors
Summary:
Bash tells of the new state's mountains, tundra and the cities on the coast. She tells of the modern farmer, salmon fishing, mining and the Eskimos. Her songs include "Greenland Fishery," "Sacramento," and "Jennie Jenkins."

248. Sing hi... sing lo. Apothecary shop (14:43)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
See Other Contributors
Summary:
Bash tells how the use of medicines developed and how people learned to use beneficial plants. She tells the story of the original pharmacy in this country and the modern drugstore ... from bitter root to sugar-coated pills. Songs include "The Apothecary Shop," "Little Mohee," and "Buckeye Jim."

249. Sing hi... sing lo. Cotton farm (14:35)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
See Other Contributors
Summary:
Bash Kennett tells the story of typical activities in the southwest in the days when the great cotton farms were developed. She pictures the "grubber" who removed tree stumps, the planting activities and harvesting. The Patterson Dancers re-enact a Saturday night dance which might have taken place in a "brush arbor." Songs include "Lazy River," "Pick a Bale of Cotton," and "Polly Wolly Doodle."

250. Sing hi... sing lo. Folk sayings (14:43)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
See Other Contributors
Summary:
Bash tells the story behind many of the sayings we use today. She tells of historical events and circumstances leading to the use of such phrases as: to pull up stakes; in the nick of time; lock, stock and barrel, and to fly off the handle. Songs include "Grey Goose," "Cockle Shells" and "Big Rock Candy Mountain."

251. Sing hi... sing lo. Mission days (14:34)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
See Other Contributors
Summary:
Bash tells the story of the building of the missions in California and describes the long voyage made by Father Serra and other Padres as they moved north from Mexico. Life in the mission community is described. Songs include "Adelita" and "Sombrero Blanco." The Lillian Patterson dancers perform a dance of the period of the latter song.

252. Sing hi... sing lo. Our country sings (14:37)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
See Other Contributors
Summary:
This program in the series is a signing survey of America at work, play, in love and the songs of the children. Bash sings some of her favorites including "Liza Jane," "Prisoner of Life," "Every Night When the Sun Goes In," "The Fox," "The Riddle Song," "Dig My Grave," "If I Had a Ribbon Bow," "Hullabaloo Belay," and "The Titanic."

253. Sing hi... sing lo. Pirates off our coast (14:33)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
See Other Contributors
Summary:
Bash talks about the real pirates who operated in American waters in the early days. Stories of the exploits of Captain Kidd, Blackbeard, and others describe the kind of life the pirates led as they traveled on the high seas, and the various operations of pirates and privateers. The hazards of sailing with a fully lade ship, with pirates waiting off the coast to take the vessel were a very real and exciting part of the early-day sailing ships. The ballads of "Golden Vanity" and "Henry Martin" describe in song the activities of pirates.

254. Sing hi... sing lo. Railroads coast to coast (14:39)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
See Other Contributors
Summary:
The fabulous story of the men who built the railroad to join the Atlantic and Pacific coasts is told by Bash Kennett. The struggles of the laborers in the west who battled granite cliffs in order to lay more track than the crews on the plains who had to import their lumber is told. Songs include "Midnight Special," "Down in the Valley," and "Drill Ye Tarriers, Drill."

255. Sing hi... sing lo. The buffalo (14:38)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
See Other Contributors
Summary:
Opening this program with the song "Home on the Range," Bash tells of the importance of the American buffalo to the Plains Indian and how the buffalo led the early explorers over natural passes and up easy grades as the Western migration began. She describes an Indian buffalo hunt and the ways in which the animal was used for clothing, food and shelter. Songs also include "Buffalo Boy" (sometimes called "When We Gonna Marry"), and the music later made into a popular song, "Buffalo Gals."

256. Sing hi... sing lo. The Mayflower (14:48)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
See Other Contributors
Summary:
This is the story of the actual trip of the Mayflower. Bash Kennett tells how the people planned for the voyage, what they took aboard the ship, what they hoped to find and how they anticipated living when they reached shore. Songs include "Three Blind Mice," "Pretty Saro," "Muffin Man," "Wee Willie Winkie," and "Barbara Allen."

257. Sing hi... sing lo. Whaling (14:42)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
See Other Contributors
Summary:
Bash describes whaling and the life of a whale. She tells of harpooning the mammal and uses of whale oil. Songs include "Sarah the Whale" and "Greenland Fishery."

258. Size of penal institutions (29:30)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program, host Lohman examines the development of large prisons and the treatment of inmates in this type of institution. Film clips illustrate the masses of inmates confined and a prisoner tells of his life in such an institution. Wilkinson and Lohman discuss administrative problems occurring in the management of such large prisons and point out that modern penal thinking indicates a trend toward smaller prisons.

259. Skip Hides From Health (15:07)

Date:
1958
Summary:
When Skip learns it is time for the children at school to have their shots, he decides to hide and miss the shots. The others decide that he can’t join them in their later fun if he is going to be ill because he didn’t look after his health.

260. So many with so little (29:35)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Presents a vacation camping trip in the southeast by the Ed Harvey family. Upon meeting a low-income farm family they examine the causes and solutions to the extreme poverty of major portions of the farm population. (Agrafilms, Inc.) Film.

261. Sociology of molecules (29:35)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dr. Joel Hildebrand discusses the forces that differentiate species of molecules. Reviews briefly the structure and nature of atoms and molecules. Illustrates different factor affecting the solubility of gases, liquids, and solids in water and other liquids. (KQED) Film.

262. Solubility: Dissolving Gasses, Liquids, and Solids (29:46)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses laboratory experiments to explain solubility. Demonstrates the solubility of a solid in a liquid by dissolving salts in water, a gas in a liquid with carbonated beverages and an ammonia fountain, and a gas in a liquid using charcoal. (KQED) Film.

263. Southwest 'Hope-Out' Customs (15:09)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Tells the story of the custom of helping out in the Southwest. Explains how people worked together in building their homes, harvesting crops, and promoting social activities. Discusses the cultivation of sugar cane and making of syrup.

264. Spray of Violets (15:17)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Host Dora tells the story of Eloise the Skunk, a kid skunk who couldn't spray until one day a dog almost attacks her and she learns how to spray because she is scared. The dog asks to be adopted by her and she asks her mom and the familys takes in their new pet dog.

265. Stagecoaches (14:31)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Tells the story of traveling by stagecoach. Explains how stagecoaches were made and used. Uses 19th century pictures and illustrations of early stages and discusses the dangers encountered during their trips. Host Bash Kennett plays guitar and sings the songs "Black Eyed Susie," "Every Night When The Sun Goes In" and "Old Joe Clark."

266. Staging for television (32:13)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
Verne Weber
Summary:
Presents principles of good staging for the panel and interview types of television programs. Points out common errors of staging and demonstrates methods to be used in good program staging. Suggests ways to make the most of available props and how to create general utility props at modest cost. Features Verne Weber.

267. Statistical evidence (29:29)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dr. Joel Hildebrand illustrates the "laws of chance" or "probability." Discusses fallacies of what is "normal" and "abnormal." Points out the variability of human beings by discussing the "average man." Emphasizes limitations in what can be predicted. (KQED) Film.

268. Story of helium (29:54)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The story is one of the most significant and exciting in the whole history of science. It started with the “impractical” observation of a line in the solar spectrum with no then-known earthly counterpart. With guest, Captain Albert R. Behnke of the United States Navy, Dr. Hildebrand traces the unfolding story through discoveries of vast scientific value to applications in aeronautics, deep diving, and high altitude flying. In summary, Dr. Hildebrand discusses the revelation of the source of the sun’s energy and the possibility of obtaining inexhaustible supplies of energy to serve the needs to men.

269. Summary of three months in U.S.A (29:58)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
National Educational Television
Summary:
Teenage delegates to the New York Herald Tribune Forum discuss their visit to America. Presents their views on what they have seen, learned, and experienced. 1958 (WOR-TV) Kinescope.

270. Sunday in the South (14:53)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The importance of Sunday customs in the southern part of the country is described. The activities of the week, the tilling of the fields, the house chores, the sewing and gardening all came to a climax looking forward to Sunday. The families met at church, where the men and women then planned get-togethers for the afternoon. Of course, food was all-important, huge spreads of hams, yams, two-story biscuits, etc. At the meal, a house-raising is discussed, and the custom of helping neighbors to build a house is pictured. Songs include “Way Down Yonder in the Paw Patch,” “I’m Just a Poor Wayfarin’ Stranger,” and “Mr. Banjo.”

271. Surplus and a hungry world (29:23)

Date:
1958
Summary:
“Trade is a two-way street. If you want to sell, you’ve got to buy,” says Ed Harvey in this program, after a discussion of international trade and the relation of surplus to tariff. A trip through Washington, D.C., and cartoon sequences of the surplus problem and the import-export balance are featured in the program.

272. Talking ourselves into trouble (28:59)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses the area of general semantics. Develops the idea that one's language determines the limits of one's world. Illustrates the way in which undifferentiated reactions to words leads to a communications deadlock. (KQED) Film.

273. Tea, Horse, and Crime (29:36)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses the basic narcotic drugs and their relationship to crime. Includes a filmed sequence of an addict undergoing withdrawal and receiving a shot that assuages him. Points out that crime committed by the drug addict is a secondary effect. (KQED) Kinescope.

274. Television lighting (30:29)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
Greg Harney, Verne Weber
Summary:
Explains lighting fundamentals for the interview and panel-discussion types of television programs. Outlines problems and pitfalls and spells out how each may be avoided. Demonstrates good basic lighting principles in television production. Features Verne Weber.

275. Ternary Form (29:38)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this discussion, Dr. Jones explains thatternary form is the repetition of an opening section of a composition after further development of the theme. This repetition brings the opening in to a relationship of tension with the rest of the piece since it closes or completes the structure, which would collapse without the repetition.

276. Textural and Thematic Contrast (29:35)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program, Dr. Jones illustrates textural contrast, i.e., the setting of passages of homophonic texture against polyphonic passages in the same composition, with examples from Palestrina, Bach and Handel. Thematic contrast is explained as the juxtaposition of themes of contrasting characters in somewhat the manner of conflict in drama.

277. The "Nest Beautiful" Contest (15:10)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) tell a story about a contest put on by the fictional magazine "Nest Beautiful" for the best picture of a bird's nest. They then recommend books about birds for children that can be found at the library. Includes drawings by Robert Robison.

278. The Alcoholic Criminal (29:14)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses alcohol as a measurable cause of crime, using filmed sequences and dramatic episodes to show how alcohol breaks down inhibitions, provides a sense of false security, and impairs judgment. Points up the relationship between alcohol and traffic accidents. Features Dr. Douglas M. Kelly.

279. The alphabet (30:13)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this episode, Dr. Smith, Jr., analyzes the English writing system and traces the origin, development and spread of the alphabet. He spends a short time discussing other important writing systems, including Sanskrit, Chinese, and Arabic, and discusses the significance of hieroglyphics in the development of written language.

280. The Anthropomorphic Criminal (29:59)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses the relationship of body type to personality and criminality. Examines the characteristics of the ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph. Compares the historical analyses of body physic with current theories. Relates characteristics of introversion and extroversion to criminal tendencies. (KQED) Kinescope.

281. The apprentice (30:44)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Poindexter tells this Grimm fairy tale about an apprentice lad who starts for home with his wages and begins trading. He trades his gold for a horse, his horse for a cow, the cow for a pig, the pig for a goose, and so on, until he has nothing.

282. The Atmosphere Around Us (29:24)

Date:
1958
Summary:
We live at the bottom of a tremendous sea of air (the atmosphere) much as fish live in the ocean. This sea of air exerts a pressure upon us. A barometer is shown and its use illustrated in measuring atmospheric pressure. Such data are shown in a weather map. The effect of pressure is shown in that hot water is made to boil by “cooling” it, i.e. reducing the pressure above the liquid.

283. The baby eats (29:43)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses the relationship of eating to the emotional and physical well being of the young child. Explains appetite changes, continued use of the bottle, demand feeding, and punishment in relation to eating habits. Answers questions concerning the child who refuses to eat, personal eating habits, food binges, eating between meals, and thumb sucking after meals. (WTTW) Kinescope.

284. The Born Criminal (29:49)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses the relationship of heredity to criminality. Points out common misconceptions concerning physical characteristics as a cause or recognizable symbol of crime. Explains the fallacies in Lombroso's theories of criminality. Stresses the need for education in the area of genetic inheritance as related to criminal tendencies. Features Dr. Douglas M. Kelly.

285. The Butterfly Who Didn't Want To Go South (15:12)

Date:
1958
Summary:
With Fignewton handling the make-do puppets and Dora narrating, this is the story of a butterfly, who because she helped her friends, managed to migrate anyways, in spite of her first intention to stay at home. The story show that many butterflies, like birds, migrate.

286. The Carpenter (15:11)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The importance of men who have learned to work with wood is Bash’s theme in this program. She tells of early settlers who had to do their own building and carving with crude tools. Through film, she then introduces a modern carpenter who demonstrates the use of a collection of historic tools, including one which was used to make wagon spokes. Songs include “Polly Put the Kettle On” and “Ham and Eggs.”

287. The Condition of Freedom (29:37)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses liberty as a changeable concept, the "climate"for liberty, and threats to freedom. Stresses individual responsibility to institutions, community, and government. Featured guests are Mr. Paul Hoffman, United States delegate to the United Nations General Assembly, and Dr. Clinton L. Rossiter, Professor of Government, Cornell University. (WOSU-TV) Film.

288. The conquest of prejudice (29:34)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
National Educational Television
Summary:
Teenage delegates to the New York Herald Tribune Forum tell how their prejudices toward each other were conquered during their stay in America. (WOR-TV) Kinescope.

289. The country mouse and the city mouse (30:40)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The country mouse visits his city cousin and decides that though life in the city is exciting, life in the country is safer. Poindexter and his friends act out the story.

290. The county jail : introduction to crime (29:43)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program, the history, role and current status of county jails is explored. An interview with a Cook County Jail inmate brings out the prisoner’s experience there and in similar jails. The county jail facilities are explored. Mattick and Lohman discuss the county jail population and emphasize the idea that the criminal education process occurring in jails often leads the minor offender on to a path of further crime. This system’s effects on the community-at-large and indicated improvements are described.

291. The Criminal (30:13)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Defines crime and the criminal. Explains how time, place, and culture influence what constitutes a crime. Reviews the history of criminal law. Features Dr. Douglas M. Kelly.

292. The Criminal and How to Neutralize Him (29:28)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses the need for a constructive program for criminal rehabilitation. Points out that a true correctional philosophy has not been formulated. Illustrates with a scale model of an ideal correctional system. Stresses the desirability of a program for convict evaluation and subsequent treatment. (KQED) Kinescope.

293. The Criminal and Punishment (29:48)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses the concept of punishment of criminal behavior and explains the evolution of rehabilitation with emphasis on the criminal rather than the crime. Includes a visit to a cell block in San Quentin Prison where five inmates are interviewed. Features Dr. Douglas M. Kelly.

294. The Discontent Koala (15:12)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The home and habits of the koala bear are illustrated in this tale of the bear who leaves home to seek his fortune at sea. Dora tells the story to Fignewton Frog who manages the shadow puppets.

295. The elves and the shoemaker (15:18)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Hand puppets tell the story of a kind but poor husband and wife who are making their living as shoemakers. Two elves decide to help the couple and come to their home at night to make shoes for him to sell.

296. The emperor's new clothes (14:31)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Marionettes are used to tell the story of a very vain King who orders a new suit for his parade. Two mice, one very clever, and one quite a dullard, plan to trick the king. They pretend to have some material that can’t be seen by anyone but those who are worthy of their office. The King and his Prime Ministers all pretend they can see the material rather than admit they are unfit for office.

297. The Ethnological Criminal (29:29)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses the relationship of crime to race, national origin, and minority groups. Points out patterns of belief and the misconceptions that exist. Relates living conditions and geographical distribution to crime. Concludes that race is irrelevant to criminality. (KQED) Kinescope.

298. The European Experience (Edited version) (29:25)

Date:
19uu
Summary:
Examines what has happened in Europe to check the threat of a menancing population growth. Traces the growth of population in Europe from the Middle Ages and suggests that the small-family concept, which began in England in the late nineteenth century, has had more effect on population than any other thing.

299. The Fish Hatchery (15:08)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Bash takes a film expedition to a fish hatchery and shows the pools where fish are raised. She shows close-ups of a giant rainbow trout and goes with the hatchery truck to plant fish in the river. She walks down a stream to watch a boy fishing and then tells of the importance of natural wildlife in the past and today. Songs include “Irene” and “Long, Long Trail."

300. The forgetful bear (15:17)

Date:
1958
Summary:
This is the old favorite, "The Three Bears," with a whimsical touch by Tom Tichenor. The Baby Bear always forgets to do what he is told to do. He has a terrible time remembering instructions given him by Mother Bear. When the Three Bears go for a walk Baby Bear forgets to lock the door. Goldilocks finds the door open, helps herself to the porridge, breaks Baby Bear's chair, and goes to sleep on his bed. When the Bear family returns, they find her asleep. Frightened by the Three Bears, Goldilocks runs away and Baby Bear promises never to forget again.