Start Over Date 1958 Collection National Educational Television

301. Fish (29:45)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Teaches the techniques of drawing fish. Demonstrates by painting fish swimming and jumping from water. Stresses the Japanese approach to composition using fish as an example. (KQED) Kinescope.

302. Charles Malik : part 1 (29:34)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Charles Habib Malik, Lebanese Ambassador, discusses the business of the diplomat with his guests, T.F.X. Higgins and Dr. Richard Cottam.

303. Major and Minor Tonalities (29:35)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Tonality, the relationship of tones and chords to the keynotes, is further explored in this program. The mood or musical character as it has been affected by major and minor tonalities in western music from 1600 to 1900 come under study. Beethoven’s expressive use of major-minor interchanges receives emphasis here.

304. Rhythmic Extensions (29:43)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The exciting topic of “stretching time” is explained by Professor Jones in this program. Devices used for continuity without change of character in the music include postponement or avoidance of cadences and extension and overlapping of phrases. To the commentator this is truly the most “exciting” area of music appreciation.

305. The Musical Phrase (29:18)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Explains, discusses, and illustrates musical phrasing. Draws illustrations from the Baroque period, particularly from the music of Bach, to point out the "drive" and "onward urge" of musical phases.

306. Prison inmates' code (29:30)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program, the clandestine system of communication and standards operating in many penal institutions is examined, and illustrated with film clips of inmates passing information to each other without the administration’s knowledge. One inmate describes how the prisoners’ credo is established and maintained. Lohman and Gagnon discuss the “Grapevine,” the verbal contact of prisoners, and explain “kangaroo court,” used by the prisoners to maintain “law and order,” as they see it. Lohman points out that these things must be recognized as existing if administrators are to operate efficiently.

307. Classification and segregation in prisons (29:32)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program, film sequences illustrate the steps in the prison separation and analysis technique, and an inmate tells of his experience with the classification system. Criminologist Joseph D. Lohman outlines the basic and conflicting ideas which underlie imprisonment, punishment and rehabilitation. Powers and Lohman emphasize the need for professional personnel to implement the classification of prisoners and the importance of setting up programs to meet their individual needs.

308. Public myths about prisons (29:39)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program, criminologist Joseph D. Lohman contrasts the public’s attitude and desires for penal institutions with the current knowledge of the social sciences. With Kenyon Scudder, he explains the facts which would disprove existing myths, such as “The way to deal with prisoners is to treat them rough” and “Anybody can run a prison.” Film clips illustrate the unreasonable penal practices that are a product of these myths. An Interviewed prisoner brings out his experiences under such systems.

309. Maximum vs. minimum security in prisons (29:35)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program, criminologist Joseph D. Lohman describes maximum security as the single most important characteristic of the American prison. He relates the consequences of excess security on inmates. Filmed scenes provide the setting of maximum security and an inmate describes the routine in such institutions. Lohman and Alexander discuss the need for diversity in staff and security which would alleviate many of the pitfalls of an inflexible system.

310. The county jail : introduction to crime (29:43)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program, the history, role and current status of county jails is explored. An interview with a Cook County Jail inmate brings out the prisoner’s experience there and in similar jails. The county jail facilities are explored. Mattick and Lohman discuss the county jail population and emphasize the idea that the criminal education process occurring in jails often leads the minor offender on to a path of further crime. This system’s effects on the community-at-large and indicated improvements are described.

311. The prison population (29:41)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program, an inmate describes fellow prisoners whom he has known and tells of the prisoners’ caste system, based on the inmates’ offenses. Criminologist Joseph D. Lohman discusses the prison community and shows films of the variety of prisoners within it. Mattick introduces statistics, comparing the educational level of inmates with that of the population in general. He also classifies the prison population by offense committed. With Lohman, he shows that the diversity of inmates proves the need for varied institutions to assist them effectively in rehabilitating.

312. Dialects (29:54)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this episode, Dr. Smith, Jr.,explains and demonstrates dialect differences in standard English. He calls upon five guests from different geographical areas in the United States who illustrate pronunciation differences. The film illustrates how language variations are divided into geographical areas.

313. What is language? (28:48)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Defines language as a series of self-contained systems. Shows how words have different meanings within linguistic systems. Provides illustrations of linguistic subsystems. Points out the hazard of "premature presumption of understanding.

314. Hiding behind the dictionary (28:45)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses and illustrates how dictionaries are prepared. Explains how the meanings of words are learned without using the dictionary. Provides examples of how words are inferred from both physical and verbal contexts. Points out that a writer of a dictionary is a historian, not a lawgiver. Stresses the importance of being sensitive to language changes. (KQED) Kinescope.

315. Where is the meaning? (28:59)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Explains where the true meaning of words is found. Points out that meaning is in the nervous system of the speaker and listener, not in the words themselves. Discusses four basic conditions of meaningfulness. Features Dr. S. I. Hayakawa of San Francisco State College.

316. History of the Indo-European language family (30:06)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this episode, Dr. Smith, Jr., discusses the history of the Indo-European family and how different languages are related. He explains how linguists developed a systematic reconstruction of Germanic languages, and points out the contributions of Grimm and Verner in developing laws of language development. Dr. Smith, Jr., also stresses predictability and patterning in language structure.

317. Grammar : part 1 (30:04)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this episode, Dr. Smith, Jr., examines the structure, patterning, and classification of words. He explains how the linguist defines a word in terms of base, vowels, and stress patterns, and presents examples using nouns, verbs, and pronouns.

318. Introduction (30:17)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this episode, Dr. Smith, Jr., provides an introduction to the Language and Linguistics series. He discusses the importance of language and points out common misconceptions concerning language. Dr. Smith tells what language really is and explains how the words we use and the way we use them affect the way we think and see the world. He develops the relationship between language, paralanguage, and kinesics.

319. Maps and territories (28:43)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses the power and limitations of symbols, especially words. Describes the significance of the communications network in which humans live. Defines words as "maps" giving directions to "territories" of human experience. Stresses the point that words can be manipulated independently of the experiences they represent. Explains other pitfalls of communication related to word usage.

320. Grammar : part 2 (29:33)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this episode, Dr. Smith, Jr., continues the discussion of grammar and how words are classified. Explains how adjectives, adverbs, and prepositions are identified by structure rather than meaning. Examines the structure of phrases and sentences.

321. History of the English language (30:24)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this episode, Dr. Smith, Jr., investigates the history, development and spread of the English language and its beginnings as a world language. He briefly reviews other world languages and language families. Dr. Smith, Jr., also develops a breakdown of the Proto-Germanic language into its descendent languages, traces the dialects of England about A.D. 600, and explains how vocabularies change and develop as cultures mingle. He also comments on the feasibility of a world language.

322. The alphabet (30:13)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this episode, Dr. Smith, Jr., analyzes the English writing system and traces the origin, development and spread of the alphabet. He spends a short time discussing other important writing systems, including Sanskrit, Chinese, and Arabic, and discusses the significance of hieroglyphics in the development of written language.

323. Linguistics Science and the Teaching of Reading (30:12)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this episode, Dr. Smith, Jr., discusses the use of the linguistic approach as a means of improving reading ability. Analyzes the deficiencies and strong points of the phonics and word methods of teaching reading. Explains the purpose and nature of reading. Shows examples of patterning in the English spelling system. Suggests a remedy to the reading problem using language structure as a basis.

324. The task of the listener (28:40)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses the relationship between personality and communication. Explains human behavior in terms of the self-concept. Defines self and shows how it differs from the self-concept. Illustrates the way in which the self-concept controls acceptance or rejection of a message. Stresses the importance of non-evaluative listening.

325. A definition of language (29:52)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this episode, Dr. Smith, Jr., explains the relationship between language and culture. He points out that there is no such thing as a “primitive” language; all languages have the same amount of history behind them. He reveals why all languages are about equally complex, and discusses language patterns and how they affect the learning of a language.

326. Language and meaning (30:12)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this episode, Dr. Smith, Jr., investigates various modes of communication. He explains paralanguage (tone of voice) and kinetics (body motion). He shows how linguistic science can be applied to the analysis of the psychiatric interview.

327. Experience as give and take (28:16)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses the nature of perception and knowing. Illustrates how experiences involve a transaction between perceiver and the thing of event perceived. Demonstrates the "trapezoid window" illusion created by Adelbert Ames, Jr. Relates perception and knowing to communication. (KQED) Film.

328. The language of advertising (29:26)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses advertising and the way in which it often commits a multitude of semantic crimes. Explains techniques used to bring about automatic reactions to advertisements, and points out that the danger in some advertising lies in the promotion of pathological reactions to words and other symbols. Features Dr. S.I. Hayakawa of San Francisco State College.

329. Who runs the prisons? (29:16)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program, criminologist Joseph D. Lohman sketches the relationship of prison administration to the inmate community and the ways in which the inmates’ group influences the administration. An inmate's views about who really controls the operation of a prison are expressed during an on-location interview. Burke and Lohman explore the prisoner’s role, both legitimate and otherwise, in prison management, and discuss the redirection of this community activity into legitimate channels which a professional staff can provide. Lohman notes the need for constructive outlets for individual and group expression, without which inmate energies are directed into hostile and anti-social channels.

330. Agriculture (29:38)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Special Guest: DR. RICHARD S. CALDECOTT –Dr. Caldecott is a geneticist with the cereal crops brand of the United States Department of Agriculture and an associate professor in the Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics at the University of Minnesota.There is an area of scientific endeavor that will serve to illustrate one important method in which atomic energy is being utilized by agriculture scientist. This area envelopes the science of genetics. Dr. Warren F. Witzig and Dr. Caldecott discuss this science and the use of atomic energy in this area to provide basic information of life and life processes for the use of the applied agriculturalist. Many examples of how radioactivity has helped the agriculturalist are demonstrated in this program.

331. Radioactivity (27:21)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The causes of radioactivity, how it is detected, measured and controlled are noted by Dr. Warren F. Witzig and guest Edward Sanford. They also demonstrate the instability of energy and discuss the different types of radiation. Sanford explains the meaning of alpha, beta and gamma rays and explores the uses and dangers of radioactivity.

332. Matter (29:43)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses and demonstrates matter in its various states: solid, liquid, and gas. Shows how matter is broken up into its smallest components. Explains how energy is obtained from matter. Defines the fission and fusion processes. Concludes with a demonstration of a chain reaction. (WQED) Film.

333. Introduction (29:30)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program, Dr. Jones introduces the series by illustrating that the topics of discussion are “unessential” in precisely the way that passing notes in a melody would be unessential to the whole. He touches on the various levels of musical appeal and suggests that the total meaning of music is relative to the amount the ear can hear and appreciate in a particular composition.

334. Drama comes of age (29:21)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses the Shakespearean theater and neo-classic drama. Tells of realism, not only in plays, but in the theater itself. Demonstrates early realism with a scene from Hedda Gabler.

335. Drama : how it began (29:25)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses the early beginnings of the theater. Explains the techniques of the Greek theater and how playwriting developed. Illustrates the chorus technique with a scene from Oedipus the King.

336. Group patterns of courtship behavior (29:07)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Employs dance routines and originally scored music to portray differences in personal contact between males and females as sanctioned by three societies. Emphasizes differences in opportunity for courtship, the patterns of association that emerge, and how these experiences relate to marriage. Compares Americans, the Bantu of Africa, and the Muria of Central India. (KUHT) Film.

337. Education : what's wrong with American high schools? (29:47)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
National Educational Television
Summary:
Teenagers from France, Ghana, India, and Israel discuss the pros and cons of Americans education. Questions whether or not American education is challenging. (WOR-TV) Kinescope.

338. Education : here and abroad (29:42)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
National Educational Television
Summary:
Teenagers from Korea, Norway, Sudan, and the United Kingdom explain their views on American high school students after visiting American school rooms. Compares education in the United States with that of other countries. (WOR-TV) Kinescope. 1958

339. Dolls, puppets, and diversion (30:20)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In all societies, children have a need to play. The doll, made in the human image is a universal toy. The puppet, made in the human or animal form, is another means of diversion for children, as well as adults. In some non-technological societies, puppetry has been developed into a high art. Shari Lewis examines the variety of ways in which man, using materials at hand, has created replicas of himself for fun and amusement.

340. Industry (29:25)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses practical applications of nuclear energy in industry. Stresses the use of radioactivity in determining the age of the solar system, the age of an ancient site in Texas, and in solving the sewage disposal problem in Los Angeles.

341. Archibald Ant likes to play baseball (15:05)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Audience learns how to make an ant puppet of varying size. In the Make Do Theatre play, the story of Archibald Ant is told. After playing baseball, he eats too much honey and his stomach gets really big. After it goes down in size, he vows to never tell anyone what happened.

342. At the bottom of the pond (15:03)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) tell the story of the Caddis Fly using a "Make - Do Theatre" style, which requires the storyteller to construct the puppets before telling the story. Features the following books: "Let's Read About Insects", "The Pond World: Adventures in Seeing", and "The Adventure Book of Insects".

343. Betsy Fills Her Basket (15:09)

Date:
1958
Summary:
There are different types of pollen. Bees gather pollen. Mr. Robinson provides sketches of Betsy, a honeybee, who gets hay fever from one kind of pollen. She gathers pollen from another source and becomes the best pollen gathering bee in a contest.

344. Clifford Clam's Sore Foot (15:05)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dora shows the audience how to make a clam and a bird puppet. Dora and Fignewton put on a play about Clifford the Clam who gets a sore foot from jumping too high.

345. Henry Higgenbottom Loses His Temper (15:06)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Hailstones grown in concentric layers because they pass through the varying temperatures of different air levels. With the felt board, Dora and Fignewton tell the story of a hailstone who lost his temper while trying to get to earth.

346. Jill of All Trades (15:04)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) tell a story about Jill the bee who worries about her busy work schedule. Broadly explains the variety of work bees perform including caring for larvae, guarding the hive, and gathering pollen.

347. Henry Robert's Tight Hat (15:01)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) tell a story about a reluctant root and the troubles that causes to its flower. Ends with a suggestion that children go to the library to learn more about gardening.

348. Jump, Freddy, Jump (15:12)

Date:
1958
Summary:
A frog's tongue is fastened to the front of his mouth. A frog can catch flies while jumping. Frogs eat flies. Dora and Fignewton use the felt-board technique to tell the story of Freddy Frog who found that he turned somersaults when he tried to jump for fliest. One day he entered a contest with another somersaulting frog and became so nervous he forgot how to turn somersaults. He did find that he could catch flies while he jumped, so he was happy anyways.

349. Katy Loses Her Coat (15:07)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Host Dora uses a series of felt-board illustrations to explain to her puppet friend Fignewton Frog the lifecycle of a catepillar named Katy.

350. Polly's Pride and Joy (15:08)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Pollywogs grow their legs and lose their tails as they become frogs. Dora Velleman tells the story of Polly, a pollywog, who is very vain of her beautiful tail. She snubs all her friends as a result, and she is very lonely. Finally she loses her tail and as she grows legs, she rejoins her friends who forgive her for being so vain. Fignewton Frog illustrates the story on the shadow theatre.

351. Percival Leads the Parade (15:14)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dora shows how to make a penguin puppet out of a clothespin. The Make Do Theatre production tells the story of Percival Penguin who always lands on his head when coming out of the water. He has a special hat he wears and to keep it dry, keeps his head above water and in doing so lands on his feet.

352. Oliver Loses His Dignity (15:07)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) tell a story about "Oliver and his Dignity." Oliver is an otter, and this episode features shadow puppet theater.

353. The Butterfly Who Didn't Want To Go South (15:12)

Date:
1958
Summary:
With Fignewton handling the make-do puppets and Dora narrating, this is the story of a butterfly, who because she helped her friends, managed to migrate anyways, in spite of her first intention to stay at home. The story show that many butterflies, like birds, migrate.

354. The "Nest Beautiful" Contest (15:10)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) tell a story about a contest put on by the fictional magazine "Nest Beautiful" for the best picture of a bird's nest. They then recommend books about birds for children that can be found at the library. Includes drawings by Robert Robison.

355. Spray of Violets (15:17)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Host Dora tells the story of Eloise the Skunk, a kid skunk who couldn't spray until one day a dog almost attacks her and she learns how to spray because she is scared. The dog asks to be adopted by her and she asks her mom and the familys takes in their new pet dog.

356. Sally Starfish (15:09)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Host Dora shows Fignewton Frog the puppet how to make a star hand puppet and a cut-out fish to enact a play. She uses these to tell the story of Sayy the too-inquisitive starfish, who gets into trouble by being nosy. Dora recommends books on sea life.

357. The Little Man Who Danced on a Cloud (14:48)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Clouds are composed of water vapous. Mr. Robinson, a designer artist and illustrator uses the roll-around sketch board to illustrate Dora's story of the little man who always wanted to be able to dance on a cloud and how he finally did.

358. The Happy Travelers (15:14)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dora and Fignewton Frog teach about different types of plant seeds including a milkweed, dandelion and maple seed along with a burr and how they travel and get planted. They ride wind currents and travel on a fox's fur until they find a place to land together.

359. The Happiest Snowman Ever (15:00)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dora teaches the audience about how snowflakes grow in size as they fall through the sky. Shows how to make a snoman puppet out of a paper bag and how to cut out various shapes of snowflakes.

360. The Discontent Koala (15:12)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The home and habits of the koala bear are illustrated in this tale of the bear who leaves home to seek his fortune at sea. Dora tells the story to Fignewton Frog who manages the shadow puppets.

361. The Old-Fashioned Baby Carriage (15:13)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Host Dora (person) and Fignewtown Frog (puppet) narrate and perform a shadow theater shadow puppet show about a family of seahorses. While the mother seahorse is preparing for a teaparty, father seahorse takes the babies to the park in an old fashioned baby carriage. Father seahorse loses the children, only to finally find them hiding in the pocket in his belly. The hosts encourage viewers to seek out books about the seashore and sea life at the library.

362. The Little Rainbow (15:13)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) make rainbows, raindrops, and puppets out of household materials to perform a play called "The Little Rainbow" in the "Make-Do Theater." The play tells the story of why people think there is a pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. They then recommend books about weather that children can find at the library.

363. The Long, Long Trip (15:16)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Some birds do not spend the winter in their northern homes. Dora shows how to make a simple bird puppet and then she and Fignewton Frog use the make-do theatre to tell the story of the bird who was too lazy to fly south and how he bought a fur coat to stay warm through the winter.

364. The Surprise Party (15:07)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) tell the story of "The Surpise Party" using felt cut-outs. In the story, flowers host a surprise party where they and all of their guests (others flowers and plants) will be surprised by having a family picture taken, as they are all related. Teaches flower and plant names. Dora and Fignewton recommend flower books that can be found at the library.

365. The Seed That Grew So Slowly (15:16)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Trees grow from seeds; some deciduous trees grow very slowly. Dora Velleman and Fignewton Frog use the peep-show parade to tell the story of an impatient young seedling who learns that there are compensations to growing up slowly.

366. The Remembering String (15:04)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dora and Fignewton Frog tell the story of Freddie Firefly who uses a string tied onto his finger to remember that he has to get fuel for his lamp. Uses story board illustrations to tell his story.

367. Tommy Turtle's Snowman (15:02)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) tell the story of Tommy Turtle, using diaramas. Tommy wants to stay awake for the winter and build a snowman, and ends up getting helped by another hibernating animal, a bear. Dora and Fignewton then recommend library books and a trip to the library.

368. Three Sprained Feet (15:17)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dragonflies catch flies and other insects by cupping their feet together under their chin to make a basket. By means of the peep-show parade, Dora and Fignewton Frog tell of Dennis Dragonfly, who sprained three of his feet and found it difficult to catch food for a while.

369. Tiny Little Patch (15:09)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Host Dora and Fignewton Frog tell the story of a "tiny little patch of sky", and use charcoal and chalk illustrations to teach about the weather and the different types of clouds.

370. Harry Finds A Home (14:55)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dora (host) tells a story about a hermit crab named Harry who is looking for a new house with his sea anemone friend. Despite looking at houses with modern amenities such as a washing machine and television, they settle for a large shell where they can continue their mutually beneficial relationship. Fignewton Frog (puppet) performs the story through shadow puppet. Episode also describes how to use the library to find out more information about ocean life.

371. Ernst Von Dohnanyi : part 1 (29:55)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Maestro Dohnanyi and his guests discuss his early days as a composer. He plays two of his own selections: “Intermezzo, Opus No. 2” and “F Minor Rhapsody.”

372. 49-er gold mining (14:54)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The excitement of the Gold Rush is in this show; the feverish travel across the country to find treasure, and the life of the prospectors. Bash shows the methods of mining with rocker and with gold pan, and then goes on film to visit Columbia, California, where rich strikes of gold were made. An old prospector takes her to the river and shows her how he extracts gold by rocker and pan, equipment which is as good now as it was then. Songs include “I Wish I Were Single” and “Clementine.”

373. Clever Elsie (15:18)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Clever Elsie really isn't very clever at all. Marionettes tell the story of Clever Elsie who sweeps with the broom upside down to keep from wearing out the straw. One day, Clever Elsie goes to the cellar to get some cider and she notices a pick-ax stuck in a beam. She begins to think that if she should ever marry and have a child and send him to the cellar for cider, the pick-ax might fall on his head and kill him and Elsie begins to cry. Her parents come to the cellar with Hans, who is looking for a clever wife, and Elsie tells them her story. Soon everyone is crying and Hans decides to marry Elsie because she is so clever.

374. Patrick, Penny and Pete (15:22)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Young opposums are carried in their mother's pouch and they learn to use their tails to hold on to things. While Fignewton runs the shadow puppets, he illustrates the store of little Pete Opposum, who helps to capture a bandit, because he cannot hold on to things with his tail.

375. Mrs. Marmaduke gives a present (15:00)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) tell a story about whales paying attention to the difference between whales with teeth and whales with baleen. The whales are portrayed with shadow puppets.

376. Crime Under Twenty-One (1:00:46)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Concentrates on criminal behavior committed by teenagers. Points out that juvenile delinquency may be over-exaggerated. Shows how improvements in statistics, reporting, and apprehension influence the total picture of teenage crime. Presents a group of young people discussing themselves and their problems. (KQED) Kinescope.