Start Over Date 1958 Collection National Educational Television

201. You cannot know the unknowable (29:49)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dr. Joel Hildebrand discusses the limits of predictability. Illustrates the nature of what is knowable and unknowable with the use of a swinging compound pendulum and an explanation of various properties of electrons. Points out how strict causality has been replaced with the concept of probability. (KQED) Film.

202. Clocks and time (15:06)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Bash tells us that there were no clocks or watches aboard the Mayflower and that the watch was invented after the first settlers in America had landed. The history of mechanical methods to tell time is told by Bash from the marking of shadows by the sundial through early water clocks, notched candles on to the developments of clocks. Songs include “Dillar A Dollar,” “Grandfather’s Clock” and “Dublin City.” The Lillian Patterson dance group performs in this program.

203. Statistical evidence (29:29)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dr. Joel Hildebrand illustrates the "laws of chance" or "probability." Discusses fallacies of what is "normal" and "abnormal." Points out the variability of human beings by discussing the "average man." Emphasizes limitations in what can be predicted. (KQED) Film.

204. Sociology of molecules (29:35)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dr. Joel Hildebrand discusses the forces that differentiate species of molecules. Reviews briefly the structure and nature of atoms and molecules. Illustrates different factor affecting the solubility of gases, liquids, and solids in water and other liquids. (KQED) Film.

205. Models, molecules and mathematics (29:42)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dr. Joel Hildebrand explains how the results of observation and experiment can be illustrated with models. Demonstrates with models of crystal and molecules. Tells how models help in understanding phenomena and suggest mathematical relationships. Points out popular but defective models and theories. (KQED) Film.

206. The laws of men and of nature (29:33)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dr. Joel Hildebrand discusses the laws of men and nature. Provides examples of conservation of mass and energy. Explains the gas laws and how gases behave. Defines "principles" and "rules" and how they differ from "laws." (KQED) Film.

207. Interpreting the evidence (29:44)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dr. Joel Hildebrand explains why natural "laws" tell how things may be expected to act. Provides examples using the gas laws. Uses a film sequence of molecular action. Tells how explanations of natural "laws" result in "concepts" leading to comprehensive theories. (KQED) Film.

208. Scientific forecasting (29:40)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dr. Joel Hildebrand discusses the importance of scientific forecasting. Compares forecasting through astrology, palmistry, "Laws of average," and the "business cycle" with the scientific methods of valid theory and statistical evaluation. (KQED) Film.

209. Quiz program--summary (29:33)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dr. Joel Hildebrand reviews the important concepts of the preceding programs through questions and answers. Touches briefly on such concepts as the "law of survival," "law of averages," intelligence, and the criteria of scientific judgement. (KQED) Film.

210. Sunday in the South (14:53)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The importance of Sunday customs in the southern part of the country is described. The activities of the week, the tilling of the fields, the house chores, the sewing and gardening all came to a climax looking forward to Sunday. The families met at church, where the men and women then planned get-togethers for the afternoon. Of course, food was all-important, huge spreads of hams, yams, two-story biscuits, etc. At the meal, a house-raising is discussed, and the custom of helping neighbors to build a house is pictured. Songs include “Way Down Yonder in the Paw Patch,” “I’m Just a Poor Wayfarin’ Stranger,” and “Mr. Banjo.”

211. Early-Day Cowboys (15:09)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The program begins with the days following the Civil War, when men first drove cattle westward to the range lands of the southwest, where only the buffalo had grazed before. The importance of meat to the country is shown, and the development of great herds, which roamed the open unfenced country until it was later settled and fenced. The life of the cowboy, the reason for his wearing his particular costume, chaps, kerchief, sombrero, is explained. Bash tells tales of the cowboy’s job herding, branding, and also driving the cattle on the long trek up the trails to market and shipping centers. Songs include “Cowboy’s Dreams,” “The Chisholm Trail,” and a lively dance is done to “Cindy” when the cowboys reach town.

212. Railroads (14:36)

Date:
1958
Summary:
After looking at the first railroad engine, the Tom Thumb, and the De Witt Clinton, and seeing an engine in a race with a horse, wherein the horse won, Bash climbs aboard a real engine of the early days, and has a ride. She shows how the engine worked, and even mounts to the cab to throw wood in the firebox, and handle the throttle. The engine is the “Genoa, #12,” of the Virginia & Truckee Railroad, which hauled millions of dollars’ worth of gold from the Comstock Lode in Nevada. Songs include “Puffer Belly,” “Casey Jones,” and “Little Red Caboose.”

213. Riverboats and Keelboats (15:08)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Early use of rivers is described, form the Indian canoe of hollowed log to the flatboats and keelboats of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Bash tells of the importance of water transportation, of families building flatboats and traveling down the currents with even their cows and chickens aboard, and she shows the ways the keelboats were propelled upstream by sweeps and by men with tow ropes walking along the banks. Cargoes of wheat, corn, animal skins and log rafts are related in their importance to the lives of the people. Songs include “Sewanee River,” “Shenandoah,” and “Old Woman.”

214. Levers (15:07)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses demonstrations to explain how levers work. Illustrates with a seesaw, hammer, and screw driver. Shows how levers make the lifting of heavy objects easier. (WCET) Kinescope.

215. Inclined plane (14:32)

Date:
1958
Summary:
This program deals with the inclined plane and Uncle Wonder uses this to get the plants from the greenhouse floor to the table top. Through art-work and demonstrations he discusses the principle that while the inclined plane makes us go farther, it makes our work much easier.

216. Echoes and Ears (15:09)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses Demonstrations to explain echoes and how the ear functions. Tells how sound can bounce to produce an echo. Stresses ear care. Discusses how and why animals ears are shaped as they are. Shows how to make a harp out of rubber bands. (WCET) Kinescope.

217. Light (15:08)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses demonstrations to explain principles of light. Shows why there is daylight and darkness. Discusses speed and reflection of light. (WCET) Kinescope.

218. Water pressure (14:32)

Date:
1958
Summary:
This program deals with water pressure. Uncle Wonder shows the various experiments that water has weight and that water exerts pressure in all directions. He shows why there is more water pressure at the bottom of the lake or can of water than anywhere else. He also explains that dams are thicker at the bottom than at the top because they must hold back more pressure at the bottom.

219. Liquid Air: Physical and Chemical Properties (29:38)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Continues the discussion of liquid air by explaining its physical and chemical properties. Points out the density and boiling point of the components of liquid air. Illustrates the effect of liquid air on lead and mercury. Demonstrates that liquid air is a rich source of oxygen. (KQED) Film.

220. Chemical Reactions (29:32)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Changes in nature are classed as either physical or chemical changes. Examples of both types of changes are shown. Simple chemical reactions such as the burning of magnesium and phosphorous are demonstrated. Other, more complicated reactions include those of the decomposition and double displacement type.

221. Catalysts: Secret Agents in Chemistry (29:27)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses laboratory experiments to illustrate the action of catalysts. Demonstrates with the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, solution of zinc in hydrochloric acid, and the burning of a sugar cube. Points out the commercial uses of catalysts. (KQED) Film.

222. Oxygen (29:38)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses laboratory experiments to illustrate the properties of oxygen. Tells how oxygen was discovered and how it was named. Presents demonstrations of oxidation. Shows how oxygen is obtained from water by electrolysis. (KQED) Film.

223. Polymers and Plastics (30:09)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses laboratory experiments to explain the process of polymerization: the formation of compounds in which chains of carbon atoms are linked together. Demonstrates the process with the making of polyethylene, bakelite, foam rubber, and rayon. Presents examples of polymers which occur naturally. (KQED) Film.

224. Household Chemistry (30:19)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses Laboratory experiments to illustrate simple principles of chemistry used in the home. Defines and explains the difference between soap and detergent. Shows their role in cleaning. Demonstrates the softening of water, the effect of alkaline chemicals on cloth, and the cleaning of tarnished silver. (KQED) Film.

225. Industry Uses Chemistry (29:24)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses laboratory experiments to illustrate the application of chemistry for industrial purposes. Explains the electric arc process, flotation, smoke elimination, electroplating, and the recovery of iodine from water. (KQED) Film.

226. Atoms and molecules (29:34)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses laboratory experiments to illustrate the size of atoms and molecules. Demonstrates the smallness of these particles by means of oil film on water and the passage of hydrogen through a clay cup. Shows models to point out the arrangement of atoms in forming molecules. Defines and explains molecular action.

227. Organic Chemistry (29:47)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses laboratory experiments to survey the field of organic chemistry. Tells why a whole field study is devoted to carbon and its compounds. Shows how carbon compounds differ from other compounds. Demonstrates properties of various compounds. (KQED) Film.

228. Science and Whole Numbers (30:08)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Explains the role of whole numbers in understanding the organization of the physical universe. Uses non-mathematical props, such as rock crystals, to point up the arithmetic nature of basic discoveries in science. Tells how whole numbers limit the knowable universe around us. Features Dr. Philippe LeCorbeiller, Professor of Applied Physics, Harvard University. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.

229. Research in Depth (30:03)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses charts, pictures, and specimens to explain how the geologist discovers what lies beneath the earth's surface. Shows how earthquakes provide information about the interior construction of the earth. Tells how examination of effects at the surface of the earth provides a picture of what lies below. Demonstrates and discusses the instruments used to provide knowledge upon which the geologist can theorize. Features Dr. Kirtley F. Mather, Professor of Geology, Harvard University. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.

230. Medicine and Nuclear Energy (29:34)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses the medical use of the isotope in understanding the chemistry of the body. Explores the advances in medicine made possible through nuclear energy. Explains radioisotopes and radioactive iodine. Demonstrates the cobalt machine at the Allegheny General Hospital in Pittsburgh.

231. The Power Station and the Public (29:43)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses the history and development of the first commercial atomic power station at Shippingport, Pennsylvania. Explains its inception, selection of the site, how it was built, and its contribution to future power stations, Compares the advantages, disadvantages and potential of a nuclear power plant and a regular public power station.

232. Large Effects of Small Causes (30:22)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses laboratory experiments to explain catalytic actions. Demonstrates principles which govern catalysis. Explains the difference between organic and inorganic catalysis. Tells how man's conception of catalytic reactions has changed through the years. Features how man's conception of catalytic reactions has changed through the years. Features Dr. Leonard K. Nash, Professor of Chemistry, Harvard University. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.

233. Tonal Contrast (29:36)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Explains contrast as opposed to repetition or variation. Defines tonal contrast as modulation or change of tonality and harmonic contrast, or the off-setting of plain harmony by color-harmony. Illustrates with a selection from a Bach cantata. (WMSB-TV) Kinescope.

234. Doctors all (29:43)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Employs dance routines and originally scored music to portray reactions to human illness. Emphasizes detection, treatment, and acceptance of treatment methods of illness. Compares Americans, the Ojibwa Indians of Canada, and the Djuka Bush Negroes of Dutch Guiana. (KUHT) Film.

235. Cultural Patterns of Infant Regulations (29:28)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses dance routines and originally scored music to demonstrate cultural differences in early training of infants. Compares families of southern urban Negroes, the Manus of the Admiralty Islands, and the Hopi Indians of northern Arizona. Describes group objectives of early training, its impact upon the child's personality, and the end result of childhood training.

236. Light: Waves or Bullets (29:41)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Watch a searchlight as it pierces heavy night clouds. Notice that you don’t see the beam of light, merely where it comes from: the face of the searchlight, reflections from the clouds or duct blocking the beam. In other words, the light beam itself is invisible. Beginning with a similar demonstration, Edwin C. Kemble shows the difficulty science has had in providing a wholly satisfactory theory of light. He uses a stroboscopically lighted tank to illustrate wave theory and high-voltage discharges to suggest the violence necessary to generate radiant energy with short wavelengths. The violent damage done by X-rays, gamma rays and ultra violet radiation leads Kemble to the corpuscular explanation of light. By an examination of cloud-chamber photographs, visibly recording action in the unseen world of atomic particles, Kemble reconciles the two theories. The yield of this revolutionary work is dramatic: no less than the discovery of a universal property of all forms of existence.

237. Retreat from reality (29:39)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Continues the discussion of hypnosis from the preceding program, "HYPNOSIS." Explains hypnotism as an interpersonal reaction between the hypnotist and the subject. Points out how hypnotism functions in relation to sensitivity, anesthesia, action, rigidity, amnesia, hypermnesia, contradiction, and post-hypnotic suggestion. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.

238. How the eye sees space (29:45)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Presents optical illusions and demonstrations to show how people see what they see. Discusses the effect of projection, relativity, association, and optical illusions in seeing. Explains the relationship of the eyes to the brain in organizing experience.

239. How people differ from one another (29:06)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Demonstrates that intelligence is the most significant criterion of differences between people. Points out how I.Q. varies with socio-economic status and education. Cites research on man's productivity. Describes the relationship of personality to body-build. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.

240. Group Concepts of Human Birth (29:23)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Compares the reactions of Americans, the Manus of the Admiralty Islands, and the Kiriwina if the Trobriand Islands when exposed to the crisis of human birth. Uses dance routines and originally scored music to portray cultural differences in the selection of the birth place, the reactions of husband and wife, and the way a child is delivered. (KUHT) Film.

241. Cultural patterns of marital sanction (28:59)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Employs dance routines and originally scored music to portray differences in marriage rituals of three societies. Emphasizes the basic motive behind the selection of marriage partners, the rituals that join them, and the values that guide their relationships. Compares Americans, the Bantu of Africa, and the Muria of India.

242. Pure Science and Applied Science (29:28)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Explains how an understanding of pure science can lead to applied science. Demonstrates this relationship by reviewing a theory of heath and how it led to a number of inventions: smokeless fireplaces, new types of stoves, pressure cookers, and drip-style coffee pots. Features Dr. Sanborn C. Brown, Professor of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.

244. Polyphony (29:27)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses imitative polyphony as a basic principle of musical structure. Illustrates two types of composition which use imitative polyphony as the structural principle, namely, the sixteenth century motet and the fugue as heard in Handel's Messiah. (WMSB-TV) Kinescope.

245. What is America famous for? (29:56)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
National Educational Television
Summary:
The delegates discuss Britain's reaction to "the United States' humiliation in its satellite rivalry with the USSR" and what America is famous for in each of the representatives' countries.

246. Weighing air (14:29)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program Uncle Wonder uses a gram scale and weighs the air in a basketball. He also shows that air has weight by balancing two balloons, one at each end of a stick, and breaking one of them, the other naturally falls to the table.

247. Toys in History (15:20)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Bash Kennett shows some of the things which fascinated children of other times, taking a trip to see some dolls, stereopticons, books and bicycles of early periods which grandfather may have enjoyed as a boy. Songs include “The Devil’s Nine Questions” and “This A’Way.”

248. Mission days (15:14)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Tells the story of mission development in California. Describes voyages made by missionaries from Mexico. Explains life in the mission community.

249. Introduction (29:46)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Outlines the scope of this series of programs and defines the nature and function of passing notes in music. Compares music in architecture. Outlines the formal or structural principals in music. (WMSB-TV) Kinescope.

250. Old home implements (15:05)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Tells the story of changes which have taken place in home implements. Shows an early vacuum cleaner, phonograph, washing machine, butter churn, and candle mold.

251. Shearing time (15:17)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Tells the story of sheep shearing. Explains the importance of wool. Discusses the wool raising business of today. Shows how sheep shearing is done.

252. America Looks Abroad: Brazil (29:01)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
See Other Contributors
Summary:
Discusses the political history of Brazil and her relations with the U.S. Considers Brazilian art, economic problems and potentialities, and the role of U.S. business in Brazil. A photo series presents the land and the people. (WTTW) Kinescope.

253. Solubility: Dissolving Gasses, Liquids, and Solids (29:46)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses laboratory experiments to explain solubility. Demonstrates the solubility of a solid in a liquid by dissolving salts in water, a gas in a liquid with carbonated beverages and an ammonia fountain, and a gas in a liquid using charcoal. (KQED) Film.

254. Chemical Clock Reactions (29:51)

Date:
1958
Summary:
While most chemical reactions take place almost immediately, there are some which can be made to occur after a timed delay. These are the so-called clock reactions. By varying the temperature or concentration of reactants, the delay can be shortened or lengthened in a striking manner.

255. Carbon and Its Compounds (29:36)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses laboratory experiments to explain the properties of carbon and its compounds. Discusses the three natural forms of carbon: amorphous, graphite, and diamond. Demonstrates the properties of carbon compounds using calcium carbide, acetylene, carbon disulfide, and ethyl alcohol. (KQED) Film.

256. Crystals and Glass (29:51)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses laboratory experiments to explain properties of crystals and glass. Tell how crystals are formed and demonstrates crystallization taking place. Discusses glass, its formation, and how it differs from crystals. (KQED) Film.

257. Science and Non-Science (29:47)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Explains the difference between scientific and non-scientific endeavor. Examines various areas such as flying saucers, astrology, and weather predictions to point out how these problems are approached from a scientific and non-scientific point of view. Features Dr. Harlow Shapley, Professor of Astronomy, Harvard University. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.

258. Shadows (15:04)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses demonstrations to explain shadows. Illustrates materials that cast shadows and others that do not. Shows how to make a sun clock. (WCET) Kinescope.

259. Nationalism : part II (29:46)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
National Educational Television
Summary:
Continues the discussion of nationalism as a constructive force in world affairs. Teenagers from Indonesia, Japan, Lebanon, and the United Kingdom present their views on colonialism and Western foreign policy in the Middle East. (WOR-TV) Kinescope.

260. What does the word 'American' mean to you? (29:54)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
National Educational Television
Summary:
The panelists discuss what the word "American," in reference to a citizen of the United States, means in different parts of the world. Race problems and prejudices as viewed in different parts of the world also are dealt with by these four high school delegates.

261. Summary of three months in U.S.A (29:58)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
National Educational Television
Summary:
Teenage delegates to the New York Herald Tribune Forum discuss their visit to America. Presents their views on what they have seen, learned, and experienced. 1958 (WOR-TV) Kinescope.

262. Nationalism : part I (29:57)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
National Educational Television
Summary:
Teenagers from Argentina, France, Morocco, and Denmark discusses nationalism as a road to freedom or war. (WOR-TV) Kinescope.

263. Would you rather be an American? (29:56)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
National Educational Television
Summary:
Teenagers from Greece, Malaya, Egypt, and Thailand tell why they prefer not to be Americans. Discusses relations between children and parents. Presents first impressions and reactions to life in the United States. (WOR-TV) Kinescope.

264. The conquest of prejudice (29:34)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
National Educational Television
Summary:
Teenage delegates to the New York Herald Tribune Forum tell how their prejudices toward each other were conquered during their stay in America. (WOR-TV) Kinescope.

265. Education for what? (28:08)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
National Educational Television
Summary:
Teenage delegates to the New York Herald Tribune Forum discuss the objectives and faults of American education. Comments are made on the place of the bright student, freedom of choice, size of schools, emphasis applied to subject matter, and how well education challenges the student.

266. Co-existence (29:50)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
National Educational Television
Summary:
Teenagers from Pakistan, Vietnam, Germany, and Yugoslavia discuss socialism in Yugoslavia and Russian Communism. Questions the definition of the word "freedom." Analyzes the prospects of reunification for Germany and Vietnam. (WOR-TV) Kinescope.

267. Roots of prejudice : in the nursery (29:42)

Date:
1958
Main contributors:
National Educational Television
Summary:
Teenagers from Malaya, Philippines, Greece, Iceland, Thailand, and Turkey discuss prejudices within their own countries and toward others. Criticism is made of the American soldier and tourist as representatives of the United States. Presents comments on Russia as a current problem source and the effect of tradition and war in stimulating prejudice. (WOR-TV) Kinescope.

268. Kinetic Energy (15:13)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses experiments to explain the principle of kinetic energy. Shows how springs have stored energy that do work for us. Illustrates with a jack-in-the-box, bow and arrow, clocks, screen door, and window shade. (WCET) Kinescope.

269. Refraction (15:01)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses demonstrations to explain the principle of light refraction. Illustrates with a penicle in water and a magnifying glass. Shows an optical illusion and tells how it happens. (WCET) Kinescope.

270. Density (15:07)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses experiments to explain the theory of density. Shows that some objects will float while other sink. Illustrates with objects made of cork, brick, wood, and steel. (WCET) Kinescope.

271. Friction: II (15:09)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Illustrates with the principle of streamlining. Tells why friction is desirable in certain instances and undesirable in others. (WCET) Kinescope.

272. Lightning and electricity (15:02)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Explains lighting and its characteristics. Tells why lightning is first seen then followed by thunder. Demonstrates how lightning produces sound waves. (WCET) Kinescope.

273. Rain (15:11)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Explains how rain if formed. Demonstrates how water vapor gets into the air, collects as clouds, and drops as rain. (WCET) Kinescope.

274. How Plants Grow: I (15:20)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses experiments to explain capillary action in plants. Shows how water gets from the roots up to the leaves. Demonstrates capillary action with thistle tubes. (WCET) Kinescope.

275. How Plants Grow: part II (15:17)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Continues the explanations of capillary action and presents the results of experiments started in HOW PLANTS GROW: PART 1. Demonstrates again the capillary action in thistle tubes. Shows how the capillary action between water and blotter paper can raise heavy objects. (WCET) Kinescope.

276. Wheels (15:04)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Uses demonstrations to explain how wheels function to reduce friction. Summarizes the principles of the inclined plane, lever, and wheel. (WCET) Kinescope.

277. Episodic Forms (29:39)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Here, Dr. Jones defines the episodic principle as the simple rondo-form combining the two principles of repetition and contrast and illustrates the principle with a selection from Haydn. Concluding the series, he presents a selection from Beethoven’s “Quintet for Winds and Piano,” in which the repetitions between the contrasting episodes are varied.

278. Character Contrast and the Episodic Principle (29:32)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Illustrates tempo and character contrast between movements of cyclic forms like the sonata and suite with Beethoven's Fifth Symphony and C-Sharp Minor Piano Sonata. Examples of the episodic principle are from Mozart and Chopin.

279. Tonalities Old and New (29:28)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Again Dr. Jones uses Beethoven’s music as an illustration, explaining the composer’s humorous interplay of major and minor tonalities more fully. He also treats briefly the traditional tonal systems from the time of Wagner to the emergence of new tonal arrangements.

280. Tonality (29:27)

Date:
1958
Summary:
The psychological effects of various tonal patterns are demonstrated in the discussion of this topic. Professor Jones illustrates the varying characters or “atmosphere” of melodies based on scales and modes of different character.

281. William Foxwell Albright : the meaning of archaeology (29:23)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dr. Albright and his guests discuss the essential features of archaeology, and the means of translating the values of these different features to determine the patterns of human history. They speak of mounds, layers, pottery, scripts, etc. They analyze the scope of archaeological study in today’s world.

282. Ernst Von Dohnanyi : part 3 (29:58)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dohnanyi and his guests discuss the compositions which the Maestro wrote in Budapest. The numbers he plays on this program are “Variations on Hungarian Folk Songs,” “Ruralia Hungarica,” and “Pastorale.”

283. Ernst Von Dohnanyi : part 2 (30:18)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Maestro Dohnanyi and his guests discuss his days as a composer in Vienna. He plays parts of “Winterigen,” “Humoresque,” and the entire “Minute” from his own composition “Suite, Opus No. 24.”

284. Ernst Von Dohnanyi : part 1 (29:55)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Maestro Dohnanyi and his guests discuss his early days as a composer. He plays two of his own selections: “Intermezzo, Opus No. 2” and “F Minor Rhapsody.”

285. Ernst Von Dohnanyi : part 4 (29:50)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Presented on this program in its entirety is Dohnanyi’s composition for two pianos: “Suite en Valse, Opus 41.” It is played by Dohnanyi and Kalenyi.

286. William Foxwell Albright : the significance of the Dead Sea Scrolls (29:11)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Why is the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls the greatest manuscript discovery in modern time? What are scholars learning from the scrolls that applies to already accepted ideas that appear in the New Testament? Dr. Albright and his guests answer these two important questions. They give example of the effect of the scrolls as well as of their meaning to the Old and New Testaments.

287. William Foxwell Albright : importance of logical thinking in the nuclear age (29:42)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Dr. Albright and his guests discuss the emergence of Christianity out of Jewish History and the influence of the Hellenic (or Western World) to Christianity. They are also concerned with the cultural influences on the gradual development of logical stages in human thinking. Dr. Albright outlines these various stages in their relationships to religion.

288. Dr. T.V. Smith : part 2 (29:33)

Date:
1958
Summary:
This is the eighth in the series of “Heritage” series. Featuring Dr. T.V. Smith, Maxwell Professor of Poetry, Politics and Philosophy at Syracuse University. Dr. Smith is host to Dr. M. Graham Netting, director of the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, and Robert Taylor, chief editorial writer for the Pittsburgh Press. The three of them discuss “Science: The Discipline of Truth,” with attention to historical concepts of science and the implications of science and science education in the world today.

289. Dr. T.V. Smith : part 1 (29:09)

Date:
1958
Summary:
This is the eighth in the series of “Heritage” series, featuring Dr. T.V. Smith, Maxwell Professor of Poetry, Politics and Philosophy at Syracuse University. In this program Dr. Smith discusses Life’s High Trinity: Truth, Goodness and Beauty.

290. Dr. T.V. Smith : part 4 (29:30)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Discusses politics as the discipline of goodness. Emphasizes the principles, interests, and discipline of politicians and politics. Featured host is T.V. Snith, Maxwell Professor of Poetry, Politics, Philosophy, Syracuse University, who relates his experiences to the subject of "goodness." (WQED) Film.

291. Eleanor Roosevelt : part 3 (29:38)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Mrs. Anna Eleanor Roosevelt discusses her life after the death of her husband. She tells of her transition to the official duties at the United Nations, answers questions about Senator Mccarthy, the racial situation, current trends to re-evaluate American education and her relationship with the Russians. (WQED) Film.

292. Eleanor Roosevelt : part 2 (29:39)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program Mrs. Roosevelt tells of her first meeting with FDR, his personality as a young man, their wedding, FDR’s political beginnings, his mother and Louis Howe. She then tells of his illness and his recovery. She talks of his outstanding personality and his friends, his enemies, and his confidence in the people who worked with him.

293. Eleanor Roosevelt : part 4 (29:53)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program, Mrs. Roosevelt talks of her husband and his philosophy, religion, friendships and courage. She tells of D-Day in the White House, Pearl Harbor Day, and FDR’s moments of relaxation. She talks about Communism, war, leadership in the world today, and about the future.

294. Beardsley Ruml, part II (29:41)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this second program Mr. Ruml, Professor Rudick and Dr. Morrison discuss education and the liberal college, the liberal element in universities, science in a liberal education, teachers and teacher training, “The Picture Method,” monetary support of universities , the student and his work load, teachers’ salaries, teacher recruiting, quality in teachers and students and problems of college admission.

295. Nadia Boulanger : part IV (29:59)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program Mlle. Boulanger and her guests reminisce about her Wednesday afternoon teas in Paris, the responsibility of the composer, the musician and the listener, musical recordings, whether or not we succeed in translating to the student the value of the present and the past, the creation and responsibility of music itself and the pleasure one can derive from composing music and not necessarily the result of the effort.

296. Nadia Boulanger : part I (30:10)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Mademoiselle Boulanger and her guests discuss musical training. Points out when musical and instrumental training should begin, and differences in American and French musical education. Reviews Mademoiselle Boulanger's early years. (WQED) Film.

297. H.V. Kaltenborn : part 4 (29:55)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In the first part of this program, Mr. Kaltenborn, often called “Dean of American Commentators,” tells of the presidents he has known (Cleveland, Theodore Roosevelt, Coolidge, Hoover, Truman, FDR, and Eisenhower). He gives a re-imitation of Truman’s imitation of him after the 1948 election. He tells of these presidents in terms of their character traits, their courage, and their abilities to handle world problems. The last part of the program is devoted to a discussion with Mr. Kaltenborn as a trusted commentator and the responsibilities of radio and television. He talks about what he calls “enduring news” and the importance of background information. He tells of the changes in himself, in radio, and the news in the last 50 years, and generally sums up his philosophies and opinions, claiming he has become more tolerant in recent years.

298. H.V. Kaltenborn : part 2 (29:57)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this program, HV Kaltenborn, often called “Dean of American Commentators,” and Mrs. Dorothy Daniel, Pittsburgh journalist and broadcaster; Mr. Herb Morrison, Pittsburgh newscaster, and TFX Higgins, executive director of the Foreign Policy Association of Pittsburgh, discuss the early days of radio and how it differs from radio today, and the acceptance and the responsibility of editorializing on radio. Mr. Kaltenborn suggests how a young commentator can prepare himself for a career as a news analyst. With his guests, Mr. Kaltenborn discusses television and the role of educational radio and TV news and the obligations of these media. Mr. Kaltenborn tells of many incidents in his life as a commentator and his interviews with distinguished people. He concludes with an optimistic look at the future of radio and TV in the area of ideas.

299. H.V. Kaltenborn : part 1 (29:53)

Date:
1958
Summary:
In this first program, HV Kaltenborn, often called “Dean of American Commentators,” discusses with Mr. Herb Morrison, Pittsburgh newscaster, and Mr. TFX Higgins, executive director of the Foreign Policy Association of Pittsburgh, his early life, his parents, how he met his wife, his early news experience, his days on the staff of the “Brooklyn Eagle,” his education at Harvard University, and his introduction into the field of world commentary.

300. Nadia Boulanger : part III (29:44)

Date:
1958
Summary:
Mademoiselle Boulanger and her guests discuss music in the 20th century. Points out the importance of originality, tradition, freedom, and curiosity. Stresses integration in music and the twelve tone technique. (WQED) Film.