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Presents by experimental means the dilation of time by using the radioactive decay of cosmic ray mu-mesons. The experiment shows how data are taken from the decay of mu-mesons at rest, mu-mesons which arrive on top of Mt. Washington, and the number that survive to reach sea level. From the results of these time distribution measures the conclusion is drawn that the mesons keep time at about one-ninth the rate they do when they are at rest.
Dr. Koppelman discusses probability in genetics, referring to Mendel's findings on the subject. He compares what happens on the average versus what happens every time.
In mid-December 1961, the Council of Ministers, the highest authority in the Common Market, gathered in Brussels for the most momentous of its periodic meetings. Four years had elapsed since the activation of the Common Market treaty, January 1, 1958. According to the treaty, midnight of December 31, 1961, was the deadline for the end of the first and passage into the second of three transitional phases in Europe's economic unification process. Passage into this second phase required a unanimous Council statement that the first stage had been completed in accordance with the Treaty provisions. When it became evident that no final agreement could be reached by the deadline, the Ministers decided that, for them, 1961 would continue to the bitter end of the session. Although it took the entire first half of January, 1962 to reach an agreement, all minutes and official documents were dated December, 1961. This program outlines the salient problems that confronted the Council, and presents statements on one impact of the Common Market in various areas of commerce and politics. Animated graphics illustrate the present organization of the European Communities.
The nature of juvenile law. The role of the police officer as he works with other community organizations to guide youth into constructive channels and to prevent delinquency.
Explores the method man has developed to simplify the repesentation of both large and small numbers. Explains that scientific notation, using exponents, enable one to express any number, large or small, as the product of a number between one and ten and a power of ten.
Shows the external anatomy of a living crayfish and using a freshly anesthetized specimen points out its internal anatomy by systems. Presents its hard exoskeleton, body divisions, and the jointed nature of its appendages. The exoskeleton is removed from an anesthetized crayfish showing its beating heart and abdominal muscles. Blood circulation is traced and specific structures involved are identified. The reproductive systems of male and female crayfish are shown and the paths of sperm and eggs are traced. The path of food through the digestive system is discussed as the function of each organ involved is explained. The green glands and excretory system are pointed out along with the brain and nervous system.
Discusses the life of Durer and the pivotal point he represented in connecting the artistic development of Italy and Northern Europe. Presents examples of his work that show his passage from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. Develops the idea that through a study of his work the fusing of his Gothic inheritance and the organic Renaissance can be observed.
Shows the response of today's Egyptians to new ideas of progress and change amidst a way of life unchanged for centuries. Discusses methods of agriculture, the importance of the Nile River, developments in education, the place of women in society, the racial structure of Egyptian society, the marketplace, and the traditional rural village.
Presents some of the steps and procedures involved in conducting controlled breeding experiments and shows the results of some genetic crosses. Introduces three important areas of genetic research. Illustrates bombardment of fruit flies with X-ray and shows some of the obvious mutations produced in these fruit flies. Pictures a schematic model of the DNA molecule and presents questions concerning its structure, organization, and duplication. Uses animation to picture basic discoveries of inheritance.
Do you like to live in a city? Or would you prefer to move to the suburbs and escape slums, juvenile delinquency traffic jams? Many people are moving to suburbs, and urban areas are growing until, on the east coast, there is in effect one continuous urban areas stretching from Washington, DC to Boston, Massachusetts. What can be done to reclaim the slums? How can industry be attracted back to an area it has deserted? The story of the development of the East Liberty area of Pittsburgh is told in detail, showing how effective private citizens can be if they wish. Once again other information on the solution offered by different groups and communities is made available –though much of the material in this program echoes comments and data from the previous program. But this, again, is an effective plea for the citizens’ concern for his community.
Uses animation, microphotography, and live action to show how green plants make food in the process of photosynthesis. Explains that as scientists study the processes involved in photosynthesis they may some day be able to duplicate the work of plants and make more efficient use of plants.
Demonstrates use of standard error, comparison of scores with test norms in interpretation of test scores, and use of percentile bands rather than points. | Presents a lecture by Dr. Scarvia B. Anderson, who demonstrates two important principles of test interpretation--(1) any test score is only an estimate of a student's ability, and (2) percentages are meaningful only if the characteristics of the group on which norms are based are known. Golf pro Ernie Pognotta helps to show similarities in basic principles of measurement in golf and in test scores. Dr. Anderson emphasizes that meaning comes from comparison in interpreting test scores.
Traces the history of jet and rocket engines and diagrams the principles on which they operate. Begins with Hero's model of a steam jet and continues by showing simplified uses of the principle in a rocket toy, a balloon, and a lawn sprinkler. Further diagrams the operation of the reaction engine in a ramjet pulsejet, and turbojet. Shows a cutaway of a turbojet engine and explains its modifications with a ramjet afterburner or a turbo prop. Points out that the difference between jet and rocket engines is that the rocket carries its own oxygen enabling it to fly outside the atmosphere.
Uses live-action photography and animation to survey alpha, beta, and gamma radiation and their characteristics; the instruments used to measure these types of radiation; and the principles basic to the operation of the instruments. All radiation is divided into two broad areas, electromagnetic and corpuscular. Ionization caused by radiation is explained, and the principles governing the operation and use of instruments using ionization to detect radiation are discussed. These instruments include gold leaf electroscopes, ionization chambers, Geiger counters, and cloud chambers. The construction and operation of scintillation counters are examined.
Depicts the use of instruments employing radiation detectors in modern prospecting and through the use of animation, the underlying principles of radiation theory. Outlines atomic theory, defines radioactivity in terms of particle emission, and emission in terms of nuclear stability. Concludes with description of carbon 14 dating.
Film features the Jeep audio visual unit, a vehicle equipped to provide complete sound and picture projection, regardless of road conditions or weather. Follows the vehicle as it used in an educational presentation.
Shows that ratio expresses a relationship between two numbers. Points out that equal ratios form a proportion, which may be used in solving problems, stressing that the units must be the same in finding ratios between two numbers.
Uses the voice of a young girl, killed in the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius, to narrate a tour through the ruins of Pompeii as she relives her past experiences and hears again the sounds which echoed through the city's streets. Shows the uncovered ruins of the bakery, the wine shop, gardens, temples, homes of the rich and the poor, the theatre, and the gladiatorial arena. Briefly mentions the girl's love for a young boy of Christian faith and the resultant conflict with her pagan religion.
Uses a poem by F. L. McConkey and drawings by Joseph Servell to depict the work and social environment of a factory town where anger frusteration, and despair set in when the workmen are laid off.
Shows the importance of corn as an economic commodity. Illustrates the nature of the corn belt of the United States by utilizing sixty-one widely scattered locations. Emphasizes the role of corn as a food crop for early pioneers and as a factor in the "Westward Movement." Develops the interrelationships between corn farming, railroads, villages, and cities. Explains how farm mechanization, the development of hybrid seeds, and fertilizers have increased production with the resulting rise in the farmers' standard of living.
Shows the importance of corn as an economic commodity. Illustrates the nature of the corn belt of the United States by utilizing sixty-one widely scattered locations. Emphasizes the role of corn as a food crop for early pioneers and as a factor in the "Westward Movement." Develops the interrelationships between corn farming, railroads, villages, and cities. Explains how farm mechanization, the development of hybrid seeds, and fertilizers have increased production with the resulting rise in the farmers' standard of living.
Tells the story of the changes that have taken place in the Southern states where cotton was, or still is being, grown. Pictures seventy-one locations to illustrate the cotton belt's geographic area and use of the land. Describes the growth of cotton as a money crop, but explains how farmers have begun to concentrate on other crops. Factors showing the industrialization and urbanization of the cotton belt emphasizes that although mechanized cotton growing is still a major agricultural activity, it is no longer king.
Describes the classification of the true fungi. Illustrates examples and characteristics of the phycomycetes and illustrates their life cycle. Discusses the slime molds. Shows several methods of collecting aquatic fungi.
The third film in a five-film series, this film illustrates how pre-school children use the forms and arrangements of the words of their language to convey meaning. This is the grammar of the language. This film shows how patterns of organization differ from language to language and are based not so much on logic as on customs and conventions peculiar to each language. A class in German shows how grammatical patterns and their variations are taught by modern methods.
Illustrates several sequences from the life of the legendary Persian hero Bahram Gur using for illustrations Persian miniatures from the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the New York Public Library. Recounts the epic poem by the Persian poet Nizami as adapted by Theodore Bowie, professor of Fine Arts, Indiana University. Tells of Bahram Gur's birth, his exile from Persia when, as a child, his father saw in him a threat to his own rule, his retaking of the Persian throne following the death of his father, his voluntary facing of two tests to prove himself worthy to be king, and his proclamation. Follows the story of his courtship of Fitna and his prideful rejection of her because she failed to flatter him; his unhappy life with the seven wives he sought to replace Fitna; and of his and Fitna's final reconciliation and marriage.
Teaching Film Custodians release which utilizes newsreel footage to present an overview of the administrations of President Harry S. Truman. Opens with scenes of the conclusion of World War II. Relates the selection of Truman as the running-mate of President Roosevelt and his subsequent succession to the Presidency. Touches upon salient news events of the Truman administrations, such as the development and use of the atomic bomb, labor strife and legislation, the 1948 election, the Truman Doctrine, the Berlin blockade, the organization of the United Nations and the Korean conflict.
Describes how any community can provide for academically talented students by using actual classroom scenes as examples of those communities exploring this new educational development. Shows how talent can be discovered through tests and counseling and encouraged by community awareness. Demands that schools must do more than identify motivate and counsel the talented students but must realign and adapt present methodology at all levels of instruction. Suggests that guidance from administrators is necessary to provide the necessary equipment and help in getting quality teaching. Closes with statement by Dr. Charles E. Bish, director of Academically Talented Pupil Project of the NEA, who outlines course suggestions.
Describes the complexity of transportation by relating the problem to the furnishings of a child's room; and illustrates the variety of trucks and trains that man has devised.
This NBC film shows how a community organization in New York City has helped to diffuse a violent atmosphere. It also demonstrates consumer (tenant) protection by the use of legal-aid and rent strikes.
Discusses the use of the dance as a social commentary and relates it to the critical statements of artists in other fields. Presents a performance of "Caprichos" based on Goya's etchings of man's weaknesses. In contrast, an excerpt from Paeon is performed. Features choreographer Herbert Ross and his troupe.
Indiana University, Bloomington. Audio-Visual Center
Summary:
Explains the process of editing motion picture footage in double system synchronous sound motion picture production. Follows, through use of flashbacks, the step-by-step sequences from the use of a clapstick to establish synchronization cues during shooting; the use of this visual-auditory signal to re-establish synchronization for each "take" during editing; means of permanently marking these head synchronization points; to the usefulness of the gang synchronizer and means of establishing internal synchronization points. Animation is employed to illustrate maintenance of synchronization in cutting from one take to another and means of elimination of unwanted sound in the sound track.
[motion picture] Presents briefly the theory of operation of the photoelectric exposure meter and gives illustrations of how it can be intelligently used to solve exposure problems. Practical use of the meter is shown in handling exposure problems relating to: scenes with extreme brightness ranges, achieving accurate flesh tones, copying, taking incident light readings, establishing lighting ratios, setting lights for a pre-determined f/stop, using a gray and white card, making substitute readings, and selecting from the various f/stop and shutter speed combinations either to achieve a desired depth of field or stop subject-motion. Throughout the Weston Master III meter is used for demonstration.
Presents a simple introduction to the study of earth materials. Shows in step-by-step sequences how the land evolved from the great mass of rock and water that was the early planet. Illustrates how the pounding action of the surf, freezing temperatures, shifting winds, and simple plants combined with the force of gravity to break up rocks into sand, and to form soil.
Ford Galaxie "Galaxie Styling" : An advertisement for the Pontiac Galaxie in which a woman who likes modern art takes her reluctant husband to a gallery, where they discover the car and come to agree on it as a piece of art.
Pontiac "Jazz" : An advertisement for the 1960 Ford Ranch Wagon in which a narrator describes how wagons and jazz have changed since the 1920s, and a jazz band packs the car with themselves and their instruments to demonstrate the space capabilities of the car.
Presents the proper methods for dissection of the frog in order to observe its anatomy. Indicates the structures which can be observed by opening the mouth. Depicts proper incisions to make in order to lay skin and muscle layers aside and how to tie off the abdominal vein before cutting it. The location and structure of the digestive system are examined. The urinary system is identified along with the reproductive systems in both the male and female frogs. The heart and circulatory systems are pictured; and muscles tendons, and nerves of the hind legs are shown. The top of the skull is removed and the brain and other parts of the nervous system are shown.
Illustrates abnormalities in gait caused by pain, structural defects and deformities, neuromuscular disorders, and a combination of these causes. Details technical symptoms of the gait and posture resulting from poliomyelitis, spastic paralysis, hypotrolic muscular dystrophy, distonia musculora, and dislocation of the hip, indicating the results of the Trendenburg, flexion, and other tests. Presents Dr. William T. Green of Harvard Medical School providing the narration for the examples and conducting the physical examination for each case stressing that careful observation of the gait is one of the key factors in diagnosis.
**WARNING: CONTAINS GRAPHIC IMAGES OF LAB TEST ANIMALS** Illustrates the basic techniques of obtaining germfree environment, germfree animals, and methods of germfree miantenance. Demonstrates the methods by which germfree animals may be obtained as with the chick from the egg and a guinea pig from a Cesarian operation. Concludes that thee techniques contribute in the field of immunilogical studies and in the study of tissue response to parasites.
**WARNING: CONTAINS GRAPHIC IMAGES OF LAB TEST ANIMALS** Illustrates the basic techniques of obtaining germfree environment, germfree animals, and methods of germfree miantenance. Demonstrates the methods by which germfree animals may be obtained as with the chick from the egg and a guinea pig from a Cesarian operation. Concludes that thee techniques contribute in the field of immunilogical studies and in the study of tissue response to parasites.
Explains the basic principles of gravitational attraction that relate to the earth, and other planets, and the sun. Relates these principles to flights of rockets and artificial satellites and includes the experiments on weightlessness that is encountered by astronauts. Gives a number of practical examples from everyday life and explains the role of gravity in these situations. Concludes with three questions for children to solve.
An interpretive report on American schools which dramatizes the importance of the printed word in teaching and learning. Uses visual techniques--including a scene from Romeo and Juliet and a description of the workings of the cosmos--to portray many facets of the learning process as evidenced in both elementary and high school classrooms.
Uses animation and laboratory demonstrations to explain the formation of ions in ionization and the effects ions produce. Presents hydrochloric acid as a typical electrolyte that ionizes in water permitting the solution to conduct an electric current. The polarity of the water molecule is illustrated and valance, electrovalance, and the effect of ionization on the boiling and freezing points of solutions are explained.
A story about a Mexican boy and his donkey is used in depicting the characteristics of rural life in Mexico and in emphasizing the importance of helping others. Educational collaborator, William G. Brink.
Employs animation and live-action photography to show the development of man's knowledge of magnetic force, present-day concepts of the earth's magnetic field, and how the magnetic field is influenced in internal and external forces. Traces the historical development of man's knowledge of magnetism from the early Greeks through Oersted, Ampere, Faraday, to 1960, the present theories relative to the source of the earth's magnetic field and the techniques of measurement employed.
Vern Reimer gives instruction, through demonstrations, on how to improve a drummers performance. He discusses the common mistakes made by student drummers and how to correct them. Targeted for the snare drum.
Portrays life of a typical farm family during the early 1800s in the Northeastern United States. Illustrates the self-sufficiency of these farmers and the importance to them of wood, water, and fertile soil. The reliance of the people on the services of the grist mill, blacksmith shop, general store, church, and school is shown. Describes the homes, types and numbers of animals, crops found on the farms, and the responsibilities of each member of the family. Through scenes of church and town meetings illustrates the concept that traditions of self-sufficient independence, desire for education, devotion to God and church, and love of self-government and freedom held by these farmers were carried to all parts of the 19th century America.
Illustrates how linen, wool, and linsey-woolsey fabrics were made from material found or grown on the farm; follows the processing of flax into linen thread from harvesting to the actual spinning of the thread; pictures the shearing of sheep, the cleaning and carding of fleece, and the spinning of woolen thread; demonstrates the weaving and dyeing of cloth; and discusses the uses of wool, linen, and linsey-woolsey cloth.
Discusses the human endocrine system, including the better-known glands and how they affect the body. Highlights the difficulties involved in studying the endocrine system in humans and describes modern research methods using invertebrates.
Uses simple terms and illustrations to explain and discuss the water cycle, evaporation, and condensation. Shows the phenomenon of a rainbow and the effects of wind, cloud formations, and sunshine on evaporation.
Shows visits to the homes of two Caucasian families who adopted children of Negro and mixed parentage, in which their hopes and problems are discussed.
A Teaching Film Custodians film about the presentation and conventions of live theatre at Shakespeare's Globe Theater circa 1600. Incorporating footage from the prologue of the 1944 British Technicolor feature film, "Henry V", directed by and starring Laurence Olivier, and graphics, this film illustrates the location, and appearance of the Globe and Rose theaters, the activity before a typical presentation, where the audience was seated, and the manner in which the Globe Theater was used. We see the audience entering the theater, gallants taking their places on stage, the orange girl and cider man hawking their wares, and the actors preparing for their entrance. Concludes with the curtain parting and the chorus reciting the prologue.
Discusses the extension of the senses through a variety of techniques that enables man to study events of short duration; uses analysis of a lighting flash as an example. Questions posed about lightning include: duration of lightening flash, direction of travel, and cause of flicker. Timing devices used include several special photographic techniques, using moving and highspeed cameras, pen recorders, and the oscilloscope. The theory behind each device is explained.
Recreates the 1929 boom and '30's depression with special attention to the factors which led to the depression. Details government regulations designed to end the depression and help prevent future ones. This film is based on three texts: "America: Its History and People" by Faulkner and Kepner. "The Challenge of Democracy" by Blaich and Baumgartner. "Economics For Our Times" by Augustus H. Smith.
Guests: Denis W. Brogan, professor of political science at Cambridge University, England; Harlan Cleveland, Dean of the Maxwell Graduate School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, and senior author of "The Overseas Americans;" Santha Rama Rau, Indian author; Saville Davis, managing editor, The Christian Science Monitor.
In this program, Mrs. Roosevelt and her guests will examine the reasons why America is disliked in some parts of the world and what we can do about it. They will discuss American tourists, diplomats and business men in overseas activities; also the role American movies play in shaping our image abroad.
Discusses the relation of gravity to cosmology and to geophysics. Traces the history of ideas about gravity; discusses new instruments and new viewpoints on gravitation.
Traces the development of maps and of geodetic ideas from pre-scientific guesses to the present. Discusses the size, shape, and rotation of the earth and the position of the earth relative to its axis of rotation. Explains the use of the moon and artificial satellites as geodetic tools.
An instructor and a group of high school boys and girls demonstrate the basic fundamentals of trampolining, showing in detail the landing positions, aerial positions, front and back flips, and combinations of these fundamentals which lead to a variety of stunts for the advancing student.
The development of Tennessee Valley Authority, describing the benefits to the people. Includes conditions before TVA and various changes that TVA brought.
Comprised of three short films by Walton Films, "The Reign of King George VI," "Elizabeth - Our Queen," and "Trooping the Colour Ceremony," and one film by Peak Film Productions, "London," about England's Royal Family and London (in order of appearance):
The Reign of King George VI - “A tribute to His late Majesty, including his Coronation, war-time shots with his troops, post-war years, and the last tragic pictures taken at London Airport on January 31st, 1952. The Lying-in-State and Royal Funeral.” - Walton Films 1958 Film Catalogue
Elizabeth - Our Queen - “A fine film portrait of our gracious Sovereign, showing her wedding in Westminster Abbey, a family gathering when Princess Anne was christened, and other events leading to her accession.” - Walton Films 1958 Film Catalogue
London (K68, Reel 1) - “Piccadilly; Eros; Night Signs; Oxford Street; Park Lane; Hyde Park Corner. United States Embassy; Roosevelt Memorial.” - Peak Film Catalogue 1954
Trooping the Colour Ceremony - “The historic ceremony as the Guards honour the Queen’s Official Birthday. Magnificent close-ups of Her Majesty at Buckingham Palace and Horse Guards Parade." - Walton Films 1958 Film Catalogue
Features high school band members performing during the Marquette vs. Indiana football game on October 10, 1959. Band Day is an annual event that brings high school bands from across the state of Indiana on the field during half time for a joint show with the IU Marching Band.
Observes six-, seven-, and eight-year old children at play and in school and emphasizes that children's play activities with their adherence to the rules, rituals, and regulations which have been established have changed little over the years. Points out the desire of this age group to have close identification with a peer group and its activities as they become less dependent on parents.
What happens when a rocket ship in space is struck and damaged by a meteor? Capt. Gell, a Navy expert on crew equipment, demonstrates the Navy’s full-pressure space suit for emergency escape from a shattered craft. Dr. Haber, an aerodynamic engineer who has made a thorough study of the theoretical problems of escape and survival far out in pace, explains the difficulty of making an individual descent into the atmosphere, on one hand, and of rescuing the stranded flyer in space, on the other. Dr. Herbert’s recommendation: the crew should ride the damaged vehicle back to earth --if anything remains of it.
Pan American Airways promotional tourism film for South America. Highlights include Panama Canal, European influence in Ecuador, Inca history of Peru, Machu Pichu, Bolivian farmland, Chilean vineyards, Argentinian ranches, beaches of Uruguay, and Brazilian carnival.
Indiana University, Bloomington. Audio-Visual Center
Summary:
Demonstrates the three basic considerations in controlled photographic lighting--placement of lights, quality of light, and lighting ratio. Uses a mannequin as a model to show the functions of main, fill, background, and accent lights in addition to the effects achieved when the lights are moved to different angles. Generalizes this studio set-up to apply to lighting in television, outdoor pictures, and when using flashbulbs. The effects of diffuse floodlights and spots are illustrated, and the changes produced by varying the lighting ratio is seen.
Presents the hypothesis that chiasmata represent physical evidence of crossingover. This would mean that crossingover takes place at a four-strand rather than a two-strand stage. Genetic proof for this is presented from studies with Neurospora, described in detail, and prefaced by a description of the life cycle and meiotic divisions of this organism. Discusses the normality of chiasmata, and hence crossingover, and pictures cytological evidence of crossingover. Lecture by Dr. G. W. Beadle.
Portrays the role of developmental genetics in dealing with ways phenotypes come into being through the action of genes. Presents a complete discussion of the Creeper domestic fowl--its genetic basis, morphology, embryological history, and the experimental work that led to an understanding of how this gene affects early development to produce the morphological features seen as the outcome of the developmental process. Lecture given by Dr. L. C. Dunn.
Describes the ways in which genes produce phenotypic differences by acting very early in embryonic development. Shows that this action may take place at a distance through chemical messengers (pituitary dwarfism in the house mouse, lethal giant larva in Drosophila), or it may involve tissue induction systems (Brachyury and taillessness in the house mouse). Discusses the development of eye color in Drosophila as a model of how each of the steps in a chain of chemical processes leading to development is under genic control. Lecture given by Dr. L. C. Dunn.
University Films, J. D. Watson, Irwin H. Herskowitz
Summary:
Describes RNA and DNA which are favored as the carriers of genetic information. Presents DNA molecules as shown in the electron microscope and describes the polymeric nature of the DNA molecule and DNA nucleotides. Compares the base content of DNA from various organisms. Describes in detail the three-dimensional organization of DNA as revealed through X-ray diffraction experiments. Pictures a Watson-Crick double helix model of DNA which suggests that DNA may replicate by the two complementary chains separating with each single strand then acting as a template to form its complement. Lecture given by Dr. J. D. Watson.
Discusses how to simplify a mathematical word formula by restating it in letters and signs. Explains the mathematical formula for distance by graphic and pictorial examples and by practical application of the formula to problems in science and industry.
Reviews the contributions of Mendel, the Hertwigs, and Miescher to our understanding of modern genetics. Discusses chromosome chemistry in terms of the cytological distribution of nucleic acids, the chemical composition of chromosomes in groups of isolated nuclei and in single nuclei the chemical content of salivary chromosomes and their bands. Compares cell activity with the DNA and RNA content of various giant chromosomes in insect larvae which leads to the conclusion that gene action can occur by the disproportionate increase in the amount of DNA or RNA. Lecture given by Dr. J. Schultz.
Portrays the frequency of mutants in the population gene pool as dependent upon their rate of origination and selection coefficient. Discusses the population fate of dominant lethals (retinoblastoma), dominant detrimentals (achondroplasia), and recessive lethals (juvenile amaurotic idiocy). Describes in detail the loads of mutations carried in natural populations of Drosophila pseudo obscura and in man. Points out the fact that while most mutants are detrimental in the normal environment of the species, some may be advantageous in a different environment. Lecture given by Dr. Th. Dobzhansky.
Explains the nature and importance of population genetics. Derives the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle for Mendelian (cross-breeding) populations. Points out that though the Hardy-Weinberg law produces a static gene pool when it applies, mutation, selection, random genetic drift, and migration upset this equilibrium and cause gene frequencies to shift-these factors being, therefore, the principal causes of evolution.
Descusses the economic concepts related to land, climate, and major resources in the countries of Colombia, Venzuela, and the three Guianas. Includes scenes of the people and of their ways of life, shows the many modern developments which industrialization has brought, and describes the type of government of each country. Collaborator, Donald D. Brand.
Reviews Greek history by showing pieces of sculpture from each historical period from 300 B.C. to A.D. 300 and the related architecture. Sculpture proceeded from small animals buried in tombs to large animals and then to undraped youth. Shows the various tools used by the early Greeks in sculpture. Concludes with a non-narrative viewing of various works of sculpture.
Illustrates modern dance as exemplified by Negro spirituals. Miss Tamiris creates her dances to the familiar spirituals Swing Low, Sweet Chariot, Go Down Moses, and Get on Board Lil' Children.
Reviews the pre-game and half-time performances of the Indiana University Marching Hundred and Marching Hoosierettes during the 1958 football season. Includes the program of the 1958 High School Band Day. Performances from the Miami (Ohio) University game, High School Band Day, Michigan State game.
Discusses the effect of various levels of inbreeding (self-fertilization, sib matings, half-sib matings, cousin marriages) upon making heterozygous genes homozygous with the consequent loss of vigor. Presents data for the increased risk of genetic defect from cousin marriage in studies of phenylketonuria, of a Japanese population and a French population. The concept and estimation of lethal equivalents are given. Shows how increases in heterozygosity increase vigor (heterosis); hybrid vigor in corn in described in detail. Lecture given by Dr. J. F. Crow.
Demonstrates independent segregation by different pairs of genes using Mendel's data. Emphasizes the chromosomal activities during meiosis which are responsible for independent segregation. Describes the Punnett Square and the branching track methods of combining gametes at random. Discusses test crosses and linkage (as the exception to independent segregation), and shows that independent segregation proves the separability of the germ plasm into many gene pairs. Depicts the role of genetic recombination in speeding the process of evolution. Lecture by Dr. E. Altenburg.
Pictures reproductive isolation originating through interspecific hybridization, via amphyploidy (radish-cabbage, new world cottons, goatsbeard species), and by means of introgression (tobacco, rose family, maize-teosinte), and by the direct recombination of the products of crossing and the establishment of recombinations (larkspur). Specifies ways in which natural selection can aid reproductive isolation directly or indirectly. Depicts hybridization as a powerful stimulus in species formation and as a valuable experimental tool for the study of the genetic basis for species differences. Lecture given by Dr. G. L. Stebbins.
Deals with the approximation that light travels in straight lines and shows four ways in which light can be sent--diffraction, scattering, refraction, and reflection. Diffraction is shown using point light sources, a wide screen, and a variable slit. Scattering is observed in a smoke-filled box. Refraction and reflection are shown using an optical tank and also an under-water camera to observe the appearance of several swimmers sitting alongside the pool; effects illustrated include image displacement, the critical angle, and total internal reflection. Concludes with the problem of why the images produced by three pinholes merge into one when intercepted by a lens. Demonstrations by Elbert R. Little, PSSC.
Portrays the frequency of a mutant in the gene pool as reaching a state of equilibrium when, per generation, its origination by mutation equals its elimination by genetic death. Discusses genetic death and presents examples of how genetic loads are changed subsequent to radiation exposure. Pictures the great majority of mutants as harmful when homozygous, but some cases, as in sickle call anemia, heterozygotes are adaptively superior to normal homozygotes. Explains balanced polymorphism, by which a gene is retained in the population despite its lethality when homozygous because of the advantage it confers when heterozygous. Lectures given by Dr. Thomas Dobzhansky.
Discusses the role of heredity and environment in determining the sex of various organisms. Indicates that in some organisms it is the environment in which a given genotype functions that determines whether differentiation shall occur as male or as female. This is exemplified by sex determination in certain snails, mosses, and worms. Portrays a difference in genetic constitution as primarily responsible for sex determination in other organisms as for a unicellular plant (Chlamydomanas), certain grasshoppers, Drosophila, man, and the mouse. Discusses the genetic basis for sex mosaics (gynandromorphs) and indicates the influences of the "y" chromosome in determining sex in man. Lecture by Dr. C. Stern.
Portrays sex as a polygenic trait which may be considered to be determined by the balance of genes on different chromosomes. This view is substantiated by the work of R. Goldschmidt on the gypsy moth and its intersexes, and is most clearly demonstrates in Bridges' studies of different sex types in Drosophila. Discusses sex determination and the role of hormones in sex differentiation in the case of man. Depicts the human sex ratio and the cause of significant deviations in it from normality, and discusses the possibility of controlling sex by separating male and female producing sperm. Lecture by Dr. C. Stern.
Presents in detail step-by-step techniques used in gravimetric analysis and the preparation and use of both the Gooch crucible filter and regular filter paper in this type of chemical analysis. Part I gives an overview of the operation in determining the chloride concentration in a silver chloride sample. Shows in detail the weighing of the sample, dissolution, precipitation, filtration, drying, and weighing of precipitate.
Shows the preparation of both the Gooch crucible filter and regular paper filters. Indicates the advantages and disadvantages of the Gooch crucible. Pictures its preparation, Gooch filtering techniques, cleaning of the crucible, and the common problems associated with its use and suggested remedial measures. Presents a detailed picture of the use of the paper filter in this type of analysis from preparation to burning off paper from the filtrate.
Discusses and demonstrates both undesirable and desirable pre-camera or rehearsal procedures from the director's point of view. Traces the development of a program from its inception to camera time. Features Alan Beaumont.
Presents the essentials of story telling techniques through observation of two experienced story tellers and the development of the skill in a young librarian. An observation of a skilled story presentation by an experienced person is followed by a young librarian who fails to capture the children's attention due to improper preparation for story telling. Through careful guidance and rehearsals the young librarian is later successful in capturing the children's interest. Integration of art and music with folk and fairy tales is also indicated.
Dramatizes episodes in the lives of four people to show that they need help with a hearing problem. Urges those with a hearing loss to seek professional help and reviews the agencies of the community which can offer such assistance. Stresses the fact that many hearing loss victims can lead normal lives with a proper hearing aid.
Presents methods of determining and keeping time and the uses of time. Traces the development, adoption, and designation of time zones and demonstrates the need for an International Date Line. Contrasts the use of Daylight Savings Time and Standard Time in the winter and summer. Portrays the role of the U.S. Naval Observatory in determining the time of day and the role of the National Bureau of Standards stations WWV and WWVH in disseminating time signals. Presents specialized uses of time in determining rate and frequency.
Presents a high-school class studying god citizenship in the community and in the school. Dramatizes the manner in which the student committees organized projects for improving school elections, choosing proper representatives for student government, welcoming new students, and up-grading lunch room conditions. Emphasizes that good citizenship in the school produces good citizenship in the community.
Shows the geological influence on local distribution of plants in the non-glaciated area of southwestern Wisconsin. Highlights many soil conditions and the variety of plants in their region. Categories each plant group shown and superimposes botanical names of each plant shown.
The methods of directing and using aggression in children are demonstrated in studies of the Americans of the continental United States, the Kwoma of New Guinea, and the Alorese of the Dutch East Indies. We move from the creation of frustration in children through the expression of aggressive responses to the various ways the aggressive responses are directed and utilized. Dr. Bullock’s narration is closely linked to dance action and original musical effects. The types of stimuli that frustrate children are explained. As each example is followed to its logical end of aggressive behavior, one can understand the hit-and-run tactics of the Kwoma, the competitive spirit of the American, and the inferior and helpless feeling of the Alorese. The battle scenes presented at the end of the Kwoma and Alorese groups throw our concept of war into a new mental perspective.
A map is used to locate Hamburg, Germany. Then tours the harbor section of the city and the business and shopping districts. Visits a typical middle-income home during a family gathering, the inner and outer lakes, the botanical gardens, and the zoo.
Demonstrates the importance of rules in human relationships by dramatizing the fulfillment of a wishful dream of four children, of being able to live without rules or adult authority. Shows the children alone on an imaginary island, without rules, where they discover that it is impossible to play games or to do anything requiring group cooperations, and realize the advantages of having parents, doctors, and others in authoridy to help when problems or emergencies arise.
Dr. George W. Crouch, Professor of English and Chairman of the Departmental Committee, act as discussion moderator for Dr. John W. Dodds, Dr. Glenn A. Olds, Director of Religion, Cornell University; Andrew C. Ritchie, Director of Painting and Sculpture at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and Roger Sessions, Professor of Musicat Princeton University, discuss the place of the humanities in the new dimensions of learning of the twentieth century.
Surveys the geography and people of India. Includes the topography; the effects of the monsoon winds and the other climatic factors; India's ancient cultural heritage; the village life and primitive farm economy of India; the religious beliefs of the three main groups: the Hindus, the Muslims and the Sikhs; typical cities such as Kanpui, an industrial city, Benares, a religious city, and New Delhi, the capital; and Mahatma Gandhi and his influence. Ends by pointing out some of the problems of the Indian nation.
Contains aerial photography, animation, and charts to show methods used by Indianapolis to effect slum clearance. Pictures city officials as they cite the need for rebuilding slum areas and tells of the founding in 1945 of the Indianapolis Redevelopment Commission outlining plans for future development as well as picturing results of past achievements. Points out the cooperative efforts of Flanner House as residents are assisted in the building of new homes, summarizes the accomplishments of the Commission, and views future plans for slum clearance.