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The two essential elements of life adjustments education: 1)to help develop the skills, knowledge and attitudes for dealing with immediate situations of everyday life; 2) to develop an understanding of persistent aspects of situations recurring through life. Features Professor Florence Stratemeyer of Teachers College, Columbia University. Kinescope.
The quotation from George E. Partridge's Genetic Philosophy of Education, "All education is moral, for the end of all teaching is to complete the moral growth of the child, and to impart to him the moral ideals of the race," provides the theme for this program. Suggests that the key to strong character is to define for young people what is the right thing to do and to challenge them to build moral and spiritual strength with a positive approach. Featured personality is Ernest M. Ligon, professor of psychology at Union College in Schenectady, New York.
Emphasizes the fact that our national strength depends more on high level of educational achievement than on any other factor. Indicates that we must come to realize this, and that we must be willing to spend a larger proportion of our national income on education, provide an educational challenge for our young people, and discover the best talent and see to it that this talent is developed to the highest possible degree. Featured personality is Harold W. Stokes, president of Queens College in New York City.
Those who believe in education for psychological maturity draw heavily on the insights of modern depth psychology – stemming from Freud, Jung, Adler, Sullivan, and others – about how the human mind develops and why people behave as they do. A quote from one of Dr. Jersild’s book, When Teachers Face Themselves, sets the tone of this program: “Education should help children and adults to know themselves and to develop healthy attitudes of self-acceptance.” Dr. Jersild proposes that efforts to promote self-understanding should be incorporated into the nation’s total educational program. He also answers objections and comments upon a filmed illustration.
In what sense can Americans be equal? Not in looks, or in talents, but in opportunity, decide Dr. Wriston, Mr. Canham, and Martin S. Ochs, editor of the Chattanooga Times. Equality of opportunity, they state, is essential in a democracy. Turning in more detail to the system of democracy in this country, the three panelists discuss possible reforms within the operations of the Congress, the executive branch of the federal government, and the state governments. Among their suggestions are the consolidation of urban areas and school districts, the reform of self-limiting tax laws, the reform of election districts, and a re-examination of existing corporate law.
Discusses architecture as a clue to cultural change. Shows how, in the early 1900s, architects sought inspiration in traditional European styles, and a melange of modified Greek Revival, Italian Renaissance, Norman manor, and Tudor half-timber homes sprang up. Indicates that although earlier innovators Henry H. Richardson and Louis Sullivan had proposed a fresh approach to domestic architecture, it was not until the impact of Frank Lloyd Wright that public opinion shifted. Paralleling this movement toward "organic" architecture, the Bauhaus school of "functional," "abstract," and "international" styles began to flourish. Points out that in modern architecture we can detect the combined influences of these original thinkers in the emphasis on functional simplicity and the ingenious use of natural materials.
Presents some of the steps and procedures involved in conducting controlled breeding experiments and shows the results of some genetic crosses. Introduces three important areas of genetic research. Illustrates bombardment of fruit flies with X-ray and shows some of the obvious mutations produced in these fruit flies. Pictures a schematic model of the DNA molecule and presents questions concerning its structure, organization, and duplication. Uses animation to picture basic discoveries of inheritance.
Do you like to live in a city? Or would you prefer to move to the suburbs and escape slums, juvenile delinquency traffic jams? Many people are moving to suburbs, and urban areas are growing until, on the east coast, there is in effect one continuous urban areas stretching from Washington, DC to Boston, Massachusetts. What can be done to reclaim the slums? How can industry be attracted back to an area it has deserted? The story of the development of the East Liberty area of Pittsburgh is told in detail, showing how effective private citizens can be if they wish. Once again other information on the solution offered by different groups and communities is made available –though much of the material in this program echoes comments and data from the previous program. But this, again, is an effective plea for the citizens’ concern for his community.
Makes the assumption that the heroes of a society embody its ideals and aspirations, and shows that we can learn a great deal about American values by exploring some of the hero types of the past sixty years. Describes the adulation of matinee idols, from Valentino to Sinatra; of doers of big deeds, from Lindbergh to Shepard; of preeminent political figures, from Lincoln to Churchill. Shows that today, in a sophisticated age of psychological analysis, the fictional romantic "hero" stereotype is fast disappearing, but claims that we are still apt to confuse the celebrity with the hero, the manufactured myth with reality.
Describes the images evoked upon mention of the 1920s: jazz, champagne baths, John Held flappers, gang killings--in short, an era of rampant, glamorous decadence. Shows that the frantic thrill-searching of the "lost generation" takes on a somewhat different flavor when described by the pens of Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and other Left Bank expatriates. Describes the small town, its traditions and manners still relatively untouched as presenting still another picture of the decade. Shows that each of these represents an alternate truth about the times and points out that it is only when we view history from many vantage points that we are able to achieve an undistorted, objective account and gain a perspective that avoids the pitfalls of our cherished stereotypes.
Visits Mesa Verde National Park in Southwestern Colorado. Discusses the work of archaeologists and how they uncover ancient Indian cities. Shows an Indian burial ground, homes of early cliff dwellers, and workers excavating, mapping, and recording their discoveries. Explains how their work provides knowledge of early Indians.
Discusses the international aims of the Communist Party and methods used to achieve these aims. Portrays Lenin's establishment of the Third International. Also reenacts the development of the ideas of a Communist hierarchy and of the justification of the use of illegal apparatuses for seizing control. Explains Communist maneuvers during the second half of the 1920's and in the 1930's, the Popular Front and the activities during the Spanish Civil War. Concludes with a description of the policies after 1947 and the ultimate aims of the Communist Party.
Demonstrates use of standard error, comparison of scores with test norms in interpretation of test scores, and use of percentile bands rather than points. | Presents a lecture by Dr. Scarvia B. Anderson, who demonstrates two important principles of test interpretation--(1) any test score is only an estimate of a student's ability, and (2) percentages are meaningful only if the characteristics of the group on which norms are based are known. Golf pro Ernie Pognotta helps to show similarities in basic principles of measurement in golf and in test scores. Dr. Anderson emphasizes that meaning comes from comparison in interpreting test scores.
Explains that the Jewish view of education is based on the Jewish view of man. Man may be limited and small, but he can grow toward God because something in him corresponds to God. Answers objections and comments on a Friday night scene in a Jewish home. Featured personality is Eugene B. Borowitz, national director for the Union of American Hebrew Congregations.
Discuses virus diseases. Reviews the known viral diseases and the development of vaccination. Explains how a polio virus attacks a cell. Analyzes the activity of viruses, which cause cancer in animal cells. Demonstrates how virus cultures can be grown and used for inoculation. Concludes by discussing cures for viral diseases.
The turmoil of the first month after Lenin’s description of Kerensky form the basis of this program: the disruption caused by the lack of a trained civil service, the civil war being waged by the Kerensky adherents, the threat of Germany, the workers’ strikes, and so on. Once an armistice was signed with Germany, Lenin and his associates were able to turn their attention to consolidating their position. After the Bolsheviks (henceforth called the Communist Party) had seized the national Assembly and locked the doors to keep the opposing delegates out, Lenin’s positon was firmly established. An interesting sequence involves Mr. Sworakowski’s reminiscences of the events surrounding the armistice. He himself witnessed many of the events of this period, and his account is moving and informative.
Provides a kaleidoscopic preview of Communist history. Explains the basis for the series and establishes documentary sources. Uses reenactments to show the collaboration on the Communist Manifesto by Marx and Engels, the development of Marxism, and the founding of the First International. Discusses the fallacy in Marx's premise and concludes by introducing Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, later known as Lenin.
Visits the national monument of Canyon de Chelly in Arizona. Describes the life of the Navajo Indians living in the canyon. Shows the ancient ruins of early Indian cliff dwellers. Tells how the Indians farm, raise sheep, cook, and build their homes. Concludes with scenes of a trading post and Indian rodeo. (KETC)
Fifteen million families’ move each year – and three-fourths of them merely change addresses within the same county. They move because they want a better place to live; they need not only houses or shops or schools but also police, fire protection, sanitation, and many other services that can only be provided by a community. And there are more and more people moving – more and more homes built on what is, after all, only a limited amount of land. This land must be used wisely: a planning engineer, similar to ones called in by communities across the country, describes the problems that a community must deal with when its population increases five-fold in a few years, and mentions some of the steps that are taken to provide for future planning and development. Most important are the procedures taken to stop and reverse the tendency for some areas to turn into slums; the program concludes with a short outline of Federal plans for urban redevelopment, and a plea to the viewer to take more active interest in his city.
Presents a discussion on America's position in the modern world. Covers such topics as foreign aid plans, internal restrictions on the operation of our foreign policy, and the operations of the United Nations.
Visits Carlsbad Caverns National Park near Carlsbad, New Mexico. Describes the discovery of the caverns by early settlers who observed a huge formation of bats leaving the entrance. Shows and explains how the huge caverns were formed over thousands of years of time. Provides close-ups of stalagmites, stalagtites, and limestone draperies.
Dr. Tillich first deals with the puzzling question of how to deal with doubt in young people. It is important, he explains, to present religious symbols in as clear and persuasive a form as possible, without dictating what the child or young person should believe. Doubt can appear in later life, too, and is often a product of an inability to face life or to escape the pressures of conformity. The second part of the program consists of a variety of comments by Dr. Tillich about the value of art and of modern art in particular, his recollections of his father, and his early decision to devote his life to philosophy and theology. At the end of the program and to conclude the series, Dr. Tillich explains his belief that man must be concerned with the “ultimate” wherever it appears, that he must make an effort to understand his life in terms of that which transcends life, in terms of eternity.
Religion, comments Dr. Tillich at the start of the program, is primarily interested in finding answers to such questions as: “What is being?’ “What is the relation of life to eternity?” “What is the meaning of life?” After commenting on the role of religion, Dr. Tillich discusses the relations of a moral law to the teachings of religion. The first principle of all moral action is love, he says. Not sentimental love but the love which unites what has been separated. Our ability to love properly is what motivates all our moral actions. This ability is called grace. A church is organized to house grace, but a church is far more than a physical or temporal structure or organization. At the end of the program, Dr. Tillich discusses the different ways of understanding Jesus Christ and the language of religion.
This program provides the viewer with some highly interesting comparisons between psychology – in particular, Freudian psychology – and Tillich’s interpretation of man’s nature. The major point developed is the difference between Freud’s and Tillich’s definitions of anxiety. Freud, says Tillich, believed that anxiety can be eradicated, whereas I (Tillich) believe anxiety is an inescapable part of man’s nature. Although psychoanalysis is helpful to a man seeking to understand his own personality, it does not help him to come closer to an understanding of the nature of God. This latter is rather the province of religion, and man’s understanding of God is a direct result of his having faith. As the conversations ends, Dr. Tillich explains that many mental illnesses are caused by uncertainty about the meaning of life. To understand one’s existence, he says, one must have faith. This, in turn, is achieved by constant inquiry, doubt and anxiety about one’s basic beliefs.
Describes the Japanese national character as a paradoxical complex of restraint and passion, arrogance and servility, pride in being Japanese and apology for being Japanese. Explains that Japan, more than any other nation has wavered between such contradictory attitudes and qualities. Discusses the concept of "force" and what it means to Japanese to be part of a group.
Shows how Indiana University is playing an important role in extending man's understanding of himself and the universe through its various schools, which serve to develop the wide variety of interests and abilities of students. Depicts the development of a close personal relationship between instructor and student through the advisory system. The libraries, museums, new classrooms, and specialized facilities, such as the language laboratory are viewed. Glimpses of student government, student teaching, the university theater, and campus newspaper demonstrate the university's attempt to provide activities to meet a variety of interests. Also shown are the cultural and recreational opportunities, the university's placement service, and the alumni activities. Closes with campus scenes familiar to all I.U. students.
Records a discussion of photography as a profession by Ansel Adams and Milton Halberstadt, an outstanding commercial photographer in San Francisco. Adams is shown applying his imagination and techniques to industrial photography, advertising photography, and portrait photography.
The idea that the Bible can be read purely as literature is not new, but it receives much support from Dr. Boyd’s sensitive and moving interpretations and discussions. This is particularly evident in this program, which analyzes one of the most inspired of David’s psalms. Dr. Boyd explores the relation of the psalm’s view of God to others expressed elsewhere in the Bible, the influences that shaped the construction of this poem of praise, and the emotions that inspired it.
Shows that ratio expresses a relationship between two numbers. Points out that equal ratios form a proportion, which may be used in solving problems, stressing that the units must be the same in finding ratios between two numbers.
Richard Rodgers was brought up in a passionately musical family. His mother was brilliant pianist; his father, a doctor, sang. They would sing and play the comic operas of the day. He was weaned on “The Merry Widow” and “Chocolate Soldier.” “These are the happy memories of childhood.” When he was sixteen years old, he met 23-year-old Lorenz Hart, who proceeded to explain his theory of lyric writing. Rodgers was proud that the age of sixteen he understood Hart. Rodgers played a couple of tunes for him and that was the beginning of a 24-year partnership. Nothing has ever been more gratifying than his first success to its fullest ... loved every minute of it. Everything that’s come along since, I’ve loved. I roll success around in my mouth like a piece of candy.” He hates failure –but thinks it’s the result of being alive –and readily admits to several: “Chee Chee,” “Pipe Dream,” and “Higher and Higher.” “I love it when it’s good and I hate it when it’s bad,” he says. Another Rodgerism: “In writing for people, there are two facets –one is emotional, the other is intellectual.”
A reminiscence about Lorenz Hart is naturally followed by Rodgers’ personal and professional transition in Oscar Hammerstein II. One big difference: Oscar was interested in what to say, Larry in how to say it. The first thing Rodgers and Hammerstein ever did, “Oklahoma!,” turned out to be one of the greatest American musical theatre hits. But there was nothing about “Oklahoma!,” to suggest success. The original play was a flop … the producers announced it was their last show, they were so sure it would die … Hammerstein had had eleven years of failures … the director couldn’t get a job before they hired him … the choreographer had only one other show to her credit. Rodgers and Hammerstein declared they wouldn’t touch “My Fair Lady,” as they didn’t have the courage to tamper with GB Shaw. When they decided to do “Carousel,” based on Molnar’s “Liliom,” they dared to change the ending. At an early run-through, they learned the author was in the theatre and were thoroughly intimidated by his presence. But they were relived at his enthusiastic response and particularly at his approval of the ending. In this program there is a moment of great poignancy as Oscar Hammerstein is shown reciting “Surrey with the Fringe on top,” a song which always makes Rodgers cry because of its sentimental simplicity. More Rodgers philosophy: “Somehow or other, we find what we need – in marriage, work, friends and music.
Richard Rodgers talks about his collaborators, Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein, and the difference in the relationship he had with these two men as compared to that of Gilbert and Sullivan “who loathed each other.” Hart was “way out,” says Mr. Rodgers, whereas Hammerstein was more down to earth. In the Rodgers and Hammerstein team, Rodgers acquired the reputation of the businessman – the man who transacted the deal, took care of the finances, and knew how to count. Rodgers pooh-poohs this with “I don’t know the salary of one person who works for me. I have a business office and people who take care of that end. I don’t want to be known as a good business man. I like the reputation of writing good music, if I do.” When Hammerstein realized that his days were numbered, he told Rodgers to get a young person to work with. “A young person will give you energy, new ideas, direction; you will give somebody young experience,” he said. When 20th Century Fox wanted to remake “State Fair,” they asked Rodgers and Hammerstein for three songs to add to the old score. When it became obvious that Oscar could never do it, Rodgers decided to undertake both music and lyrics, for the first time in his life. The songs were accepted, and he says, “I never had more fun working my life. I’m on a new road whether it’s with another collaborator or alone.”
Uses the voice of a young girl, killed in the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius, to narrate a tour through the ruins of Pompeii as she relives her past experiences and hears again the sounds which echoed through the city's streets. Shows the uncovered ruins of the bakery, the wine shop, gardens, temples, homes of the rich and the poor, the theatre, and the gladiatorial arena. Briefly mentions the girl's love for a young boy of Christian faith and the resultant conflict with her pagan religion.
Visits Yellowstone National Park to explain the story of American buffalo and its destruction. Shows the Yellowstone herd and then explains the methods used by the Indians to capture the buffalo. Tells why the white man, after the Civil War, destroyed the buffalo herds. Illustrates with film footage, dioramas, and photographs.
Defines leadership as a set of group functions and a good leader as one who helps the group to accomplish its goals. Defines and shows examples of self-serving functions, task functions, and group building functions. Points out that these functions are necessary to effective leadership.
Dr. Wriston is joined by August Heckscher, president of the Twentieth century Fund, and William P. Bundy, Assistant Secretary of Defense and coordinator of the President’s Commission on National Goals, for a discussion of a national plan for the arts and sciences. The chief question is that of finding support, particularly for the arts. Should artist be given subsidies? Why are there so few artists in a society that contains such a high proportion of men and women truly appreciative of the arts? The three panelists describe the kinds of education that can develop artistic or scientific abilities, and also comment on the role of women in the arts and sciences. They conclude by agreeing that much can be done to stimulate creative effort through private investment, universities and perhaps government support.
Dr. Bernard Boyd, University of North Carolina, discusses the Book of Hosea from the Bible. Analyzes the relationship of Hosea and his wife Gomer as a metaphor for God and the faithless people.
An enthusiastic discussion from Dr. Bernard Boyd, University of North Carolina, on the Book of Nahum from the Bible. Presents the text as historically oriented writings dealing with the human experience in those times.
Defines "classical realism," putting special emphasis on definitions of each of the two words. Explains the theory's basis in the 'natural law' and the theory's application to modern educational problems. Answers objections and comments on a filmed physics class discussion in which the teacher uses the classical realist approach. Featured personality is Harry S. Broudy, professor of education at the University of Illinois.
Reviews the progress of the Communist Party in Japan from pre-war days to the present. Includes film footage showing the release from prison of leading communist leaders just after World War II. Discusses the high degree of trained leadership, the party and the party's influence in politics.
Lucille Ball, Henry Fonda, Mort Sahl, Leland Hayward, A.J. Russell, Marshall Jamison, Franklin Schaffner
Summary:
The Good Years is based on the book written by Walter Lord which is about the time period from 1900 to the first World War. The show stars Lucile Ball, Henry Fonda, Mort Sahl and provides a historical documentary of the beginning of the 20th century. In addition to the narration, musical numbers and sketches are performed that highlight different parts of this time period.
Covers the period between Lenin's seizure of power and his death in 1924. Analyzes Lenin's peace treaty with Germany. Describes the reasons for the opposition to it which brought Russia to the verge of another civil war. Explains how chaos was prevented by the intervention of Herbert Hoover's American Relief Association. Shows the gradual steps in Stalin's rise to power, newsreel footage of the death and burial of Lenin, leaving the future government of Russia to the conflict between Trotsky and Stalin.
Discusses the Khrushchev era and interprets the policies of his regime. Provides details of Khrushchev's ascension to power and describes the differences between him and Stalin. Features special guest Merrill Spalding, research associate at the Hoover Institution and former professor of Russian history at Stanford University.
Depicts Ansel Adams and Beaumont Newhall, director of Eastman House in Rochester, New York, as they analyze the photographs of such distinguished artists as Edward Weston, Cartier-Bresson, Edward Steichen, Alfred Stieglitz, and others. Mr. Adams explains the development of his own philosophy of photo-poetry and how it has influenced his work.
Examines the movies of the twentieth century for clues to the changes and constancies in American taste. Indicates that by the 20s the sentimental melodrama had given way to a new wave of frenetic frivolity, and the need for a code of self-censorship became apparent. Describes the recent sporadic efforts of independent movie producers which have resulted in a liberalization of the code. Points out that there have been some distinguished films despite a motion picture industry that continues to search for the lowest common denominator of taste.
Features significant excerpts from the preceding 12 programs and lists the many myths of communism. These include (1) freedom for the working man, (2) communism as a genuine expression of the desire of subject peoples, (3) the dictatorship of the proletariat which became dictatorship over the proletariat, (4) Stalin and Lenin as heroes of the proletariat, and (5) communism as an independent political philosophy.
Immediately after the overthrow of the Czar in 1917 the Kerensky government was formed, the short-lived and only democratic national government Russia has ever known. Dr. Sworakowski provides a detailed and carefully analyzed description of the reasons why Kerensky’s government fell so quickly. He also reads a letter from an eye-witness of the overthrow. Again, dramatic episodes alternate with commentary and narration over photographs and documents, as a picture of Lenin’s strategy and attack in the November Revolution is built up.
Two hundred years ago Samuel Johnson wrote: “When a man is tired of London he is tired of life; for there is in London all that life can afford.” People move into cities because there they can find the widest possible variety of choice of occupation or distraction, of friends, goods and services. They can be cheated, however, by slums, traffic congestion, water or air pollution, poor housing, crime, and the myriad of other problems that confront a large city with a varied population. But they can also be satisfied, if they are willing to devote time and attention to these problems. Now, more than ever before, we have the resources, the wealth, the knowledge and the techniques to solve our urban problems. It is up to us to decide whether or not we want to do this. The program and the series concludes with some comments on urban development by Branch Rickey, Governor David Lawrence of Pennsylvania, and Richard K. Mellon, one of the leading men in the redevelopment of Pittsburgh.
Discusses the question, "Is science good or bad for man?" Presents a banquet in honor of a famed scientist at which his lifelong friend delivers an accolage to science in general and a tribute to the distinguished guest. Rising to deliver his remarks, the scientist expresses his deep fears that science may well lead to the decline of civilization. The scientist's fears are symbolically illustrated by nightmare-like scenes in which he despairs of scientific truth and man's inability to ever catch up with his own technological progress. Later, the scientist seizes upon the idea of the use of science for the benefit of man. His hopes are visualized in optimistic, dreamlike scenes.