21. Gases and how they combine (22:01)

Date:
1962
Summary:
Shows some properties that distinguish gases. The volume of ammonia and hydrogen chloride that combine are measured quantitatively, and simple integer volume ratios are measured for the combinations of hydrogen and chlorine. Interprets these simple integer ratios in terms of Avogadro's hypothesis.

22. Heat as radiant energy (13:23)

Date:
1962
Summary:
Diagrams the position of radiant energy on the electromagnetic spectrum and describes several means of detecting radiant energy. Explains the operation of a radiometer, and illustrates the use of a thermister, thermocouple, and thermophile in detection of radiant energy.

23. Hipparchus (146 to 127 B.C.) (29:26)

Date:
1962
Summary:
Much of today’s exploration of space would be impossible without the early astronomical discoveries of Hipparchus (hih-PAR-kus). According to Dr. Posin, the greatest of these discoveries was that“the tip of the axis of the earth, through the centuries, make a circle in the heavens.” With the help of work done by scientists before him, such as Archimedes, Hipparchus was able to find ways of determining longitudes on earth and in the sky, thereby laying important groundwork for astronomical discoveries through the ages.

24. Hormonal coordination 2 : the thyroid and parathyroid (30:31)

Date:
1962
Summary:
A credit course in The New Biology, a presentation of Learning Resources Institute, Columbia Broadcasting Systems, in conjunction with the American Institute of Biological Sciences. The course is planned to include the results of recent research findings in the biological sciences and to reflect the recommendations of professional organization interested in biology education. This installment discusses the thyroid and parathyroid glands.

25. Hormonal coordination 3 : the adrenals (30:06)

Date:
1962
Summary:
A credit course in The New Biology, a presentation of Learning Resources Institute, Columbia Broadcasting Systems, in conjunction with the American Institute of Biological Sciences. The course is planned to include the results of recent research findings in the biological sciences and to reflect the recommendations of professional organization interested in biology education. This installment discusses the function of adrenal glands in the human body.

26. Hormonal coordination I (30:09)

Date:
1962
Summary:
Integration of life processes in animals: an evolutionary approach with emphasis on the veterbrate; reception and transmission of information, and responses; receptors for light, sound pressure, etc; transmitters –chemical and nervous systems in detail; responding systems –under hormonal and nervous control; temperature control in animals; biochemical aspects will be considered whenever appropriate.

27. Hormonal coordination IV (30:27)

Date:
1962
Summary:
A credit course in The New Biology, a presentation of Learning Resources Institute, Columbia Broadcasting Systems, in conjunction with the American Institute of Biological Sciences. The course is planned to include the results of recent research findings in the biological sciences and to reflect the recommendations of professional organization interested in biology education. This episode discusses the function of the pituitary gland.

28. Hormonal coordination V (30:10)

Date:
1962
Summary:
Dr. Ray Koppelman discusses hormone activity in mammals, including androgens, estrogens, progesterone, and gonadotropins.

29. How machines help us (13:02)

Date:
1962
Summary:
Introduces basic principles of the lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined plane, wedge, and screw, and shows common usage of each. Shows the crowbar as a lever, and shows a doorknob as an example of a wheel and axle. Pictures the raising of the flag to illustrate the use of a pulley. Shows stairs as an example of an inclined plane, pictures carpenters driving nails as wedges, and presents the operation of an auto jack as an example of a screw.

30. Introduction to Music Reading (11:52)

Date:
1962
Summary:
Uses animation to compare written music symbols with written words and emphasizes that music is a written language with its own symbols. Introduces the five-line staff and the G clef as the basic structures upon which music is written. Shows how to develop pitch memory, introduces a basic rhythmic and tonal vocabulary, and combines these vocabularies into songs.

31. Invisible bullets (29:39)

Date:
1962
Summary:
Introduces the series and establishes some basic knowledge about radiation which is necessary for a clear understanding of the following programs. Discusses the meaning of radiation, its natural sources, and the various forms it takes. Using a variety of devices points out the difference between alpha and beta particles and between gamma and X-rays.

32. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) (29:16)

Date:
1962
Summary:
Discusses the work of Newton, who was born the day Galileo died, and was a contemporary and friend of Huyghens. Describes Newton's Principia Mathematica, one of the greatest scientific books ever written which was published through his friendship with Halley, another outstanding scientist of the time. Briefly discusses Newton's most important contributions to science which were his theories of light and prisms, and of motion and bodies in space.

33. James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) (29:07)

Date:
1962
Summary:
As a boy, Maxwell was subject to the brutal teasing of his classmates. As an adult he met and solved several scientific problems that had been perplexing his contemporaries. He won a prize for demonstrating mathematically the nature of the rings around Saturn. But his most important achievement, which was at once the result of Faraday’s experiments and the beginning of much important new work by later scientists in physics and electricity, was his contribution to the study of electromagnetics and his predictions of the existence of electromagnetic waves. The processes and apparatuses he used are sketched in detail by Dr. Posin. The topic is a complicated one, but worth the attention of anyone who intends to pursue modern physics on his own.

34. Learning about Learning (29:44)

Date:
1962
Summary:
Outlines the work of Dr. Howard Kendler of New York University, Dr. Tracy Kendler of Barnard College, Dr. Kenneth Spence of the State University of Iowa, Dr. Harry Harlow of the University of Wisconsin, and Dr. B. F. Skinner of Harvard University in exploring the different strategies employed in developing new theoretical concepts about man's ability to learn. Shows how the work of these men has influenced methods of instruction in schools and colleges.

35. Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519) (28:56)

Date:
1962
Summary:
States that only a lack of engineers and adequate materials kept the helicopter from being an actuality during da Vinci's lifetime. Pictures this great inventor creating workable plans for the helicopter, the submarine, and hundreds of other "modern" inventions--all backed by scientific data. According to Dr. Posin, Leonardo "was always lured by the subtle, the fleeting, the unknown--this was the artist in him. Yet he searched for exact reasons and causes and logic--this was the scientist."

36. Light Perception (30:19)

Date:
1962
Summary:
Dr. George Wald discusses visual functions, including the chemical construction of the eye.

37. Michael Faraday (1791-1867) (30:08)

Date:
1962
Summary:
Scientists discover things either by making plans for experiments and then following them doggedly, or by pursuing the implications of unexpected events or findings. It was in the latter way that Michael Faraday made one of his most important discoveries in the field of electricity. Dr. Posin discusses the men preceding Faraday, who had worked with electricity -- Volta, Benjamin Franklin, the Danish scientist HC Oersted (1777-1851) -- and the discoveries each made. He then turns to the work, and some pictures and models of the apparatus, for which Faraday is best known. In particular, he demonstrates the experiment by which Faraday proved that magnetism can produce electricity. He also performs an experiment with electrically charged fish like the electric eel or the Gymnotus.

38. Our food : eggs and dairy products (27:25)

Date:
196u
Summary:
William C. “Bill” Smith of Oregon Educational Broadcasting, who hosts and narrates this group of programs, takes youngsters on a day’s jaunt to an Oregon “egg factory,” a dairy farm and a dairy manufacturing plant to show them that, though milk, butter and eggs still come from the same old reliable sources, the ways which they are processed have changed considerably. On a farm where 100,000 laying hens produce enough eggs in one day to feed cities the size of Schenectady; New York; St. Joseph, MO; and Kalamazoo, Michigan, we see how eggs are gathered, cleaned and graded, and sent to market. On the dairy farms we see modern milking methods and milk being transported to a manufacturing plant. Processes involved in bottling milk and making cheese are seen, and the ice cream bar section is visited.

39. Pegasus without wings (29:31)

Date:
1962
Summary:
Discusses whether the artist is free to express himself regardless of public understanding, public acceptance, or public rejection. Dramatizes the incidents surrounding a citizen's donation of a statue for a town square. The artist commissioned to do the work has fashioned a piece of iron sculpture which depicts what he feels is the horse's spirit instead of its outward form. At the dedication of the statue in the town square, the crowd voices mixed reactions to the sculpture. More and stronger objections are climaxed in attempt to destroy the iron horse. The donor finally removes the iron horse to his own estate where, on top of a rise, it dominates the landscape in splendid exile.

40. Radiation and the population (29:34)

Date:
1962
Summary:
Points out that genetic damage is one of the most serious effects of radiation and shows how the Atomic Energy Commission's genetics research program is geared to learn how radiation damages cells and what the long term effects of such damage might be. Presents Douglas Grahn, a geneticist in the Division of the Biology Medicine, explaining how radiation causes mutations and how these mutations are passed on to succeeding generations. Describes the work of Herman Slatis, also a geneticist in the Division of Biology Medicine, with fruit flies and induced mutations. Discusses fallout and its implications.