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The first airplane to fly was what would be called today a Canard Type airplane; it had a horizontal stabilizer in front of the main wing. Today’s Conventional Type plane has the stabilizing surfaces are of the same size. Dr. Lippisch explains all three models. He also describes the Allwing Type plane which is made by combining wing and tail surfaces, sweeping thewing tips backward, and placing the control areas on the wing tips. He discusses the fundamental law of stability and demonstrates this on models in flight and in the Smoke Tunnel.
Even before the improved lift devices were designed, the stability and control problems had to be solved and further improvements incorporated into the original systems. Dr. Lippisch illustrates how the stability and control system of the Wright brothers' glider differs from the system on the conventional aircraft of today.
Dr. Lippisch points out the main problems of flight: lift and drag, control and stability, and propulsion. He explains the correlation between flow velocity, the local pressure, and the distance between streamlines. A picture of a light plane in flight is projected into the wind tunnell so that viewers may have a side view of such a plane and the streamlines around it. He explains velocity distribution and demonstrates how increasing speed diminishes the pressure on a surface and vice versa.
"Dr. Lippisch's theme is the historical development of the flying machine. He begins his lecture with a short demonstration of Penaud's model. He shows how the invention of the cambered wing led to the first man-carrying aircraft, the glider. The next problem, the problem of control, was not conceived until the Wright Brothers began their pioneering glider experiments in Kitty Hawk, and Dr. Lippisch shows a scale model of their last (1902) glider and its control arrangement is demonstrated. As he shows film clips of the Wright Brothers' airplane, he explains the function of this first power aircraft."
The Wright Brothers solved three problems with their first plane: lift, control, and propulsion. The problem of lift was the one which caused the most controversial opinions between scientists and engineers. Dr. Lippisch traces the development of the cambered wing section until a streamlined cambered plate led to the development of the modern wing profile.
After the lift, stability and control problems were solved, a propulsive system was needed to make the aircraft fly. The first propulsion device - the propeller - is still in use today. Dr. Lippisch explains the design of the propeller and demonstrates the lifting propeller - the Helicopter Rotor.
Discusses and demonstrates the problem of drag created by friction and turbulence. Explains the need for a high ratio of lift to drag' to produce an aircraft with good performance characteristics. Illustrates with diagrams and models in the wind tunnel, also uses high speed photography of air movement over a wing in the wind tunnel. Features Dr. Alexander M. Lippisch, director of the Aeronautical Research Laboratory, Collins Radio Company.
Discusses induced drag which is directly connected with the principles of lift and demonstrates the vortex configuration caused by the wing tip. Illustrates with diagrams and models in the wind tunnel. (State University of Iowa) Kinescope.
Explains the principles of lift. Uses the smoke tunnel to demonstrate the methods developed to produce wings with high lift capacity. Discusses stalling and how it is prevented. (State University of Iowa) Kinescope.
Defines a vortex and explains its structure. Shows several types of vortex including the ring, tip and thermal vortex. Uses the smoke box, water tank, and motion pictures of tornadoes to illustrate how a vortex behaves. (State University of Iowa) Kinescope.
Dr. Dietrich Reitzes, associate professor of social psychology at the University of Indiana and a member of the US Selective Service in Felon Studies, joins Sheriff Lohman for a study of the relationship between youth’s neighborhood and his acts of misbehavior. Captain Boone presents another case study. The Sheriff and Dr. Reitzes discuss the problem of areas which seem to breed delinquency. Illustrations of houses in the shadow of commerce and industry, buildings in neighborhoods that are physically deteriorating and dangerous, neighborhoods where the population is in transition, where economic dependency is on relief agencies, where neighborhood disorganization is taking place, where the population of adult criminals is high and where gangs are common –these are all illustrated.
Man seems to have surpassed nature as he can fly faster and higher than the natural flying creatures. But further study of the flying habits of birds and insects is still necessary. Dr. Lippisch presents a discussion on the wing motion of birds and insects and how the texture and shape of the wings differ with the various birds and insects. Not only airborne animals apply the laws of fluid motion; the program also presents the propulsive systems of fish and shows the action of the fishtail-propeller in the Smoke Tunnel.
Discusses new aerodynamic problems caused by high speed flight. Explains the different flow regions corresponding to the subsonic, transonic, and supersonic velocities. Demonstrates the generation of shock waves in supersonic flow. Shows filmed sequences of supersonic flow configurations. Points out and demonstrates the basic concept of the newest development in wingless aircraft, the Aerodyne. (State University of Iowa) Kinescope.
Huston Smith interviews Dr. Bertram Beck and Dr. Margaret Mead at the American Museum of Natural History, on the subject of our country’s alarming rise in violence and deviant behavior. Are other countries witnessing comparable increases in crime? What are the causes of the rise in America, and what can be done about the situation? Special attention is given to the new problem of suburban delinquency.
Dr. Joel Hildebrand discusses the laws of men and nature. Provides examples of conservation of mass and energy. Explains the gas laws and how gases behave. Defines "principles" and "rules" and how they differ from "laws." (KQED) Film.
Dr. Joel Hildebrand illustrates the "laws of chance" or "probability." Discusses fallacies of what is "normal" and "abnormal." Points out the variability of human beings by discussing the "average man." Emphasizes limitations in what can be predicted. (KQED) Film.
Dr. Joel Hildebrand discusses the importance of scientific forecasting. Compares forecasting through astrology, palmistry, "Laws of average," and the "business cycle" with the scientific methods of valid theory and statistical evaluation. (KQED) Film.
Uses demonstrations of falling objects to explain how laboratory experiments help in understanding nature. Discusses the work of Galileo and Newton. Illustrates how basic laws of science are arrived at through laboratory experiments. Relates the work of the scientist to modern technology and a changing world. Features Dr. Gerald Holton, Professor of Physics, Harvard University. (WGBH-TV) Kinescope.
Uses demonstrations to illustrate how scientists arrive at facts. Explains how and why scientists often give the impression of being to sure of their knowledge of the universe. Discusses the importance of numerical statements in science and how physical law is derived. Features Dr. Phillipe LeCorbeiller, Professor of applied Physics, Harvard University.
The idea that the Bible can be read purely as literature is not new, but it receives much support from Dr. Boyd’s sensitive and moving interpretations and discussions. This is particularly evident in this program, which analyzes one of the most inspired of David’s psalms. Dr. Boyd explores the relation of the psalm’s view of God to others expressed elsewhere in the Bible, the influences that shaped the construction of this poem of praise, and the emotions that inspired it.
Dr. Bernard Boyd, University of North Carolina, discusses the Book of Hosea from the Bible. Analyzes the relationship of Hosea and his wife Gomer as a metaphor for God and the faithless people.
An enthusiastic discussion from Dr. Bernard Boyd, University of North Carolina, on the Book of Nahum from the Bible. Presents the text as historically oriented writings dealing with the human experience in those times.
Because he has been ill, Brushy can’t play outdoors. After his first disappointment, he and his mother decide that he can make a leaf collection which would allow him to join the “Collector’s Club.”
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) discuss the topic of the "Three Cs" -- courtesy, consideration, and cooperation. Features "Can You Tell" cartoons by Robbie.
Fignewton Frog (puppet) and Dora (person) hold a contest where children (puppets) have to guess the parts actors (also puppets) are playing based on their costumes. The children also have to guess what type of theater is being referenced in a number of tableaux.
Discusses the characteristics of a "good" candidate in terms of age, religion, and home state. Points out that men from populous states stand the best chance of receiving the nomination. Also discusses favorite sons, dark horse candidates, and the nomination of candidates previously defeated.
Discusses pre-convention activity. Considers the influence of public opinion and public opinion polls, the role of the campaign manager, and the strategy for winning delegates in both states that pick delegates by conventions and states that hold primary elections. Shows scenes from the 1952 primary campaigns in New Hampshire and Nebraska. (Dynamic Films) Film.
Discusses trends in the nominating process and the changes in sectional voting patterns. Briefly mentions the influence of third parties and splinter candidates. Summarizes criticisms of the political convention and the primary system, concluding that the process, whatever its weakness, has proved workable. Considers the influence of television on American elections. (Dynamic Films) Film.
Discusses the supply of coal and iron ore in the United States. States that America has 4000 years supply of coal--this in spite of the fact that the U.S. produces thirty per cent of the world's supply. Points out that the reason for this large supply is that our mines are five times as productive as those of other nations. Uses maps to show the location and size of our supplies of iron ore. (WOI-TV) Kinescope.
Shows how manufacturing develops according to the availability of natural resources. Explains how our rich supplies of coal, gas, electricity, and metals, as well as our favorable climate and adequate transportation system, all have enabled our country to build a manufacturing industry which produces one-half of all manufactured goods in the world.
Discusses the discovery of three elements predicted by Mendeleev. Demonstrates and explains the use of the spectroscope and of other methods in isolating elements. Revises Mendeleev's Periodic Table by adding the three new elements and rare gases. (KQED) Film.
Explains how the earth, its inhabitants, and its atmosphere are composed of 101 elements alone or in numerous combinations. Discusses the distribution of elements in the earth, in water, and in the atmosphere, and indicates the significance of these proportions. (KQED) Film.
A book about a little French girl, her duck and her sheep. We look through the giant’s pipe to see the Eiffel Tower –and sing a French song. The book is by Francois, published by Charles Scribner and Sons.
Dr. John W. Dodds continues the exploration of nature as treated in literature. Includes readings which illustrate a religious and philosophical meaning of nature. Draws upon the poetry and prose of Blake, Wordsworth, Thoreau, Lowell, and MacLeish. (KQED) Kinescope.
Discusses the question, "Is science good or bad for man?" Presents a banquet in honor of a famed scientist at which his lifelong friend delivers an accolage to science in general and a tribute to the distinguished guest. Rising to deliver his remarks, the scientist expresses his deep fears that science may well lead to the decline of civilization. The scientist's fears are symbolically illustrated by nightmare-like scenes in which he despairs of scientific truth and man's inability to ever catch up with his own technological progress. Later, the scientist seizes upon the idea of the use of science for the benefit of man. His hopes are visualized in optimistic, dreamlike scenes.
Introduces the series and establishes some basic knowledge about radiation which is necessary for a clear understanding of the following programs. Discusses the meaning of radiation, its natural sources, and the various forms it takes. Using a variety of devices points out the difference between alpha and beta particles and between gamma and X-rays.
When properly handled in the laboratory, radioactive materials constitute little danger. This program shows the precautions used in working with radiation as well as the research carried on at Argonne to gain more knowledge about handling radiation. “Hot Caves” (a cave is a radiation chamber) using mechanical slave manipulators, caves using the only electronic manipulators in the country, and giant caves using heavy duty manipulators illustrate the safety methods mentioned. Another demonstration outlines the method used to dispose of radioactive waste material. Guests are Stephen Lawroski, director of the Chemical Engineering Division and Coordinator of Engineering Research and Development, and Victor Munnecke, assistant director of the Chemical Engineering Division.
Describes the operation, principles, and scientific use of reactors. Shows types of research reactors make possible. Describes the Gamma Ray Spectrometer, the Neutron Chopper, and the new Janus reactor which is designed specifically for high and low level radiation experiments in biology.
Explores the natural process of aging and the methods used in its study. Indicates that aging might be considered one of the deleterious side effects of radiation. Shows that since radiation injury resembles natural aging in so many ways, radiation has proved one of the best ways of studying the aging process. Points out how research on aging is conducted in the Argonne National Laboratory's animal quarters and in low level gamma irradiation room.
How does the air cleanse itself of poisonous substances, including radioactive substances? Philip Gustafson, a biologist in the Division of Biological and Medical Research, and Henry Moses of the Division of Radiological Physics, examine atmospheric fallout and methods now being used to determine and study such fallout. They relate current fallout studies to man and to his environment.
Shows bone to be active, living substance, constantly remodeling and reforming itself. Emphasizes the importance of bone to the entire body as a supplier of calcium and illustrates the systems by which this calcium gets from bone to blood and vice versa. Effects of radiation are illustrated in photographs of bone cross-sections.
Illustrates how the use of radioactive isotopes in the study of cell division and in medical therapy has helped man overcome disease. Demonstrates some of the many helpful and healthful uses of atomic energy.
Visits the Brookfield Zoo to choose relatives among the animals there. Points out the characteristics that determine relationships among different animals. Shows that looks do not always count in discovering animal relatives. Uses film clips of the elephants, prairie dogs, sloth, ant-eater, slow loris, armadillo, and the aardvark.
Visits the Brookfield Zoo to solve the mystery of how a large group of animals lost their toes. Explains how hoofed animals developed from ancestors with toes. Uses film clips of the dik-dik, giant eland, sable antelope, kudus, sitatunga, babirussa, and the hippopotamus. Tells the story of the mysterious Pere David Deer discovered in China.
Visits the Brookfield Zoo to tell the story of the okapi and the giraffe. Explains how the okapi was captured and identified. Uses filmed sequences to show how the giraffe and okapi are adapted to make a living in their native habitat. (WTTW) Kinescope.
Visits the odd-toed, hoofed mammals at the Brookfield Zoo. Explains how they have changed from their distant ancestors. Uses filmed sequences of the rhinoceros, zebras, tapirs, and horses.
Visits the reptile house at the Brookfield Zoo. Explains the many ways in which reptiles function and get a living. Uses filmed sequences of an egg-eating snake, a mawtamata turtle, iguana lizard, and a gharial.
Discusses the benefits and problems involved in using tranquilizing drugs with the mentally ill. Shows how drug therapy is being utilized. Includes views of a tour through a research laboratory where work is conducted on the effects of drugs. Features Dr. Douglas Goldman.
The program -- and the series -- is introduced by explanation of the cage in the title of the series. The cage symbolizes the restraints, chains, cells and prisons in which the mentally ill were kept by societies ignorant and afraid of the true nature of insanity. It also represents the progress man has made in freeing the mentally ill from these restraints as more has been learned about this problem. This program outlines the history of the treatment of insanity from earliest times through the end of the middle ages. The narrator, Mr. Stephen Palmer, describes some of the misapprehensions about insanity, some of the ways the ancient Greeks and Romans treated it, and what happened to classical thought on the subject after the fall of the Roman Empire. The influence of the rise of the Roman Catholic Church, the belief in angels, devils and magic, the methods used by the Holy Inquisition to cure madness are presented in the narration: pictures, statues, and old engravings are all used.
Discusses the opinion in the realm of action, and points out the need for authority because of the disagreement among men. Points out that man makes decisions through his own judgement or opinion. Explains that the freedom of choice raises the need for some authority, either force or majority rule, in order that men may live together in peace. (Palmer Films) Film.